Galvanic kugadzirwa kwesimbi: teknolojia, zvigadzirwa

Galvanic kugadzirisa inoshanda uye isingadhuri, uye saka yakapararira, nzira yekudzivirira simbi inoshandiswa kubva kuora. Kazhinji kazhinji inoshandiswa mukugadzira hardware uye fasteners, pamwe nesimbi mesh.

Nzira dzeZinc yokuputira

Kuita basa rekushongedza kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye hupenyu hwehutano hwehupfeko hunoenderana nehupamhi hwekudzivirirwa.

Nzira yekupfekedza inobva kune iyo inoda nzvimbo, kuenzana kwechigadzirwa, mamiriro ekushanda kwayo.

Iyo yakajeka uye yakawanda inyanzvi, asi isingakundiki kumagetsi emigumisiro yekudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedza, inotonhorera kugadzirisa nekubatsira kwevhu dzine e-high-dispersed zinc poda yakawanda.

Maererano nehuwandu hwekugadzira zinc, nzvimbo yechipiri inoshandiswa nekutsvaira kupisa. Kupfeka kunowanikwa nenzira iyi, yakagadzikana uye yakagadzikana, asi kusachengetedzwa kwepanyika, nokuti zinc yakanyunguduka inoshandiswa, uye kunyange paanopisa pasi pe 500 ° C, huwandu hwemagetsi, makemikari ekugadzirira kwepasi inodiwa.

Izvo zvakafanana nekutsvaira kuputika galvanizing ndiyo inyanzvi yepamagetsi, asi isiri yakanyatsoshanda, nzira yekutsvaga kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwekudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira. Iyo inoshandiswa apo yakakwirira inoda kuiswa pahupamhi uye kuonekwa kwekupfeka.

Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa inonzi gas-thermal spraying, iyo inoshandiswa kudzivirira zvinhu zvakaoma uye zvivako zvisingagoni kuiswa mubhati.

Galvanic kugadzira ndekusava nehuwandu hwakawanda hwevamwe nzira dzokupfekedza uye ine maitiro akanaka.

Makomborero e galvanic galvanizing

Nzira yekuisa zinc yokuputika ne electrolysis yakawanda.

Iyo inobatsira zvikuru, pamusana pokuti galvanic galvanizing yesimbi inoshandiswa , ndeyero yakakwirira yekudzivirirwa kwepamusoro pezvinhu kubva kuora. Simba rakaoma reZinc rinowedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu hwezvigadzirwa kakawanda, uye zvino zvinoderedza mari yekuchengetedza kwavo uye kugadziriswa.

Iyo kupfeka iri nyore, isina nzizi uye madonhwe, chimiro nekukura kwechigadzirwa zvinodzivirirwa. Iwe unogona kuishandisa kune zvinhu zvepi zvayo, kunyange iyo fomu yakaoma kwazvo.

Smooth and shiny decorative coatings haifaniri kudhinda kushandiswa mune dzimwe nguva.

Mukuwedzera, iyo nzira yekushandisa zinc kupfeka inoda kudhura mari, uye galvanic aggregates ine zvibereko zvakakura.

Kukanganisa kwe galvani galvanizing

Nzira yekushandisa chidziro chokudzivirira ne electrolysis haisi yekusakwana.

Chinhu chikuru chisingabatsiri ndechekudzivirira pasi kwe zinc kusimbi, nokuti iyo iyo yepamusoro yechigadzirwa inofanira kunyatsocheneswa.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvakare kuumbwa kwedhaka inotyisa mukugadzira kupfeka, kunoda kuchenesa zvakanyanya.

Kukundikana kutevedzera hurumende kunogona kutungamirira pakuzadza dhesi resimbi nehydrogen, iyo inotungamirira kukudengesa kwechigadzirwa chacho pachayo uye nekuderera kwehutano hwekupfeka.

Pfungwa yekushanda

Galvanic galvanizing yakavakirwa pamutemo wekudzivirira, izvo zvinosarudzwa nemusiyano mu electrochemical potentials zinc uye iron. Sezvo zinc ine zviduku zvisingagoni kushandiswa, kusvetwa kubva kune iko kunodzivirirwa kunodzivirira kwesimbi inopisa. Ikozvino, mumamiriro ezvinhu asina unyoro we electrochemical corrosion, ndiye.

Kuchengetedza kwesimbi kunounza masikisijisi ane simba guru kupfuura yesimbi yepakutanga. Iyo firimu yeakidhi inosununguka uye inodarika okisijeni kune simbi isati yakasanganiswa. Uye pane zinc panguva yehutayidhi, iyo firimu inoita yakaonda uye yakaoma, hairegi okisijeni ichipinda mumatare, kusachengetedza chete kupfeka, asiwo simbi iri pasi payo.

Mitambo ye galvani galvanizing

Galvanic galvanizing i teknolojia iyo is electrolysis, ndiko kuti, electrochemical oxidation-kuderedza zvirongwa mu electrolyte pasi pekuita kwemazuva ano magetsi.

Maererano nehuwandu hwe electrolyte, iyo yakagadziriswa yakakamurwa kuva zvitatu: acidic, cyanide uye alkaline.

Nzira inowanzoshandiswa ndiyo zinc yokuputira mune zvisingakwanisi asidi electrolytes, kunyanya kuumbwa kwesimbi nesimbi yezvikamu zvekugadzirisa kusanganiswa. Mishonga yakagadzirwa nemakisi neakisiyamu nemhando iyi yekuputira zinc inenge isingaoneki kune hydrogen embrittlement, uye kuonekwa kwakanakisisa, nekunakidza kunoshamisa kwemavara akasiyana-siyana.

Kuwedzera kudzivirirwa kwe galvanizing

Icho chidziviriro chekuvhara zinc chinoenderana nehupamhi hwayo, iyo iyo galvanically inoshandiswa inongova 5 μm, uye iyo ye electrolyte.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudzivirirwa kwezinc kuputika kunowedzera ne passivation, phosphating kana kupenda.

Passivation (chromating) - makemikari kurapwa kwezvigadzirwa mumagadzirirwo nema chromic acid kana marashi ayo, semugumisiro wei chromate mafirimu anoumbwa pamusoro. Izvi zvinogadzirisa kwete zvakanyanya kudzivirirwa kwezvinhu semhando yekushongedza, nokuti semugumisiro kusviba kwekupfeka kunowedzera uye kunogona kuve nemifananidzo yakajeka mavara.

Apo phosphating (kurapwa mu phosphoric acid salts) yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, phosphate mafirimu mafirimu pamusoro pefirimu. Mushure mekushaya phosphating, zvigadzirwa zvependi zvinogona kushandiswa.

Zvikamu zve galvani galvanizing

Pakugadzirwa galvaniki galvanizing ine maitiro mazhinji emagetsi, iyo imwe neimwe inopedzwa nekushambidza nemvura mumvura yekugezera kana kushamba-kushamba nzira.

Kutanga, zvigadzirwa zvakanyatsocheneswa kubva kumarara, zviyero, kushandiswa kwegorosi, zvigadziri zvinotonhorera kana pende uye zvisingagadziriswe mune zvigadziriswe. Zvadaro kusvibiswa kwe electrolytic kunoitika.

Mushure mekunge yakagadziriswa mumvura inopisa yehydrochloric acid, iyo inenge yakagadziriswa pamusoro payo isingasviki kunze kwekuvhiringidza nzvimbo yepamusoro uye kusarudza kwayo kunoshandiswa - kushandiswa kusati kwashandiswa kwekuchenesa zinc. Ikozvino ndiyo iyo chaiyo zincification.

Mushure mezvo, kana zvichidikanwa, zvigadzirwa zvinotsanangurwa uye zvakanatswa mufirimu yeakidhi mune imwe nzira inopisa ye nitric acid, iyo phosphating, passivation uye kuoma.

Pakugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, mamwe maitiro anogona kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, bhanhire musati wanyatsogadzirisa unwind, weld inopera, kutonga, uye shure kwayo mafuta uye coil.

Kugadzirisa midziyo

Iyo galvani line ndeyekuenzanirana kwakakwana kwekushambidza uye kushambidza mabhati umo imwechete kana kuti yakawanda-yakasara zinc yokupfekedza ne inoda inoshanda masimba inogadzirwa.

Maererano nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvigadzirwa nemagetsi akasiyana-siyana emichina zvinoshandiswa. Pamakambani makuru emakambani ekugadzirwa kwemashandisi nekutengesa kushandiswa kunowanikwa. Kune mitsara ine chikamu kana kuti yakazara gwaro rekunyora, pamwe chete nemitsara ye mini.

Iyo galvanizing galvanizing line haisi yega yemabhati. Inosanganisira kutakura matanho emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira midziyo yekurapa kwemvura, kushandiswa kwemichina, iyo inosanganisira magetsi ekugadzira, heaters, kutengesa kupisa, cathode uye anode tsvimbo.

Zvimwe zvinosanganisira zvinokonzera ventilation, kuomesa makamuri uye makabati, friji yezvigadzirwa, firiji zvigadzirwa, midziyo yekuwana demovods, mapampu.

Electrolytes for galvanizing

Ne galvaniic galvanizing, zvichienderana nechinangwa chechigadzirwa, electrolytes inoshandiswa, iyo yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri makuru.

Electrolytes iyo iyo zinc inenge iine hydrated ions yakawanda inonzi yakashandiswa acidic. Izvo zvinonzi borofluoride, sulfate uye chloride solutions.

Complex yakaoma acidic uye alkali electrolytes ane zinc muzvinonyanya ions zvine maitiro akanaka uye akaipa. Izvi ndizvo ammonia, pyrophosphate, cyanide uye dzimwe mhinduro.

Pamusoro pokuti electrolyte inoshandiswa sei, iyo inonaya inotanga inotarisirwa, uye ipapo huwandu hweZinc precipitation pane chigadzirwa (cathode).

Pamusoro pe electrolyte yakaoma, zinc inogadzika pamadziro uye kupararira kukuru. Sezvo kuwedzera kwemazuva ano kuchiwedzera, chibereko chesimbi chinoderera uye chibereko chehydrogen chinowedzera.

Nokudaro, kugadziriswa mumagetsi ekushongedzerwa kunoitwa pasi pakuderera kwemazuva ano, uye kupfeka kunowedzera kuva yakakwirira kwazvo, kwakanaka-kunzwisiswa uye yunifomu.

Muine simba acidic electrolytes, galvaniic galvanizing, kusanganisira kumba, inoitwa panzvimbo yakakwirira yezvino, iyo inokurumidza kupfuura ine zvinetso zvakakosha. Kuonekwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakanaka, asi kupfeka hakusi yakakwirira kwazvo uye kunokodzera chete kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaitiro akajeka.

Galvanic Galvanizing

Nzira yakananga yekugadzirisa inotora mubhaji ne electrolyte. Zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvemidziyo zvinodonhera mukati mazvo, izvo magetsi emagetsi (cathode) anodyidzwa kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi, uye zinc yakachena nenzira yebhora kana mahwendefa akaiswa mumakona mashoma (anode).

Mukushanda kwe electrochemical reaction pasi pesimba remagetsi mashizha kubva 1 kusvika ku5 A / dm zinc inoputika mu electrolyte, ipapo ion yayo inogadzika pamakateti, ichigadzira galvaniki 4-5 micrononi yakakura.

Izvo nekushandiswa kwekombiyuta iyi inowanikwa fasteners (mabhoti uye nutswe) ine yunifomu uye yakajeka kupfeka.

Automated line galvani galvanizing

Mazuva ano kushandura kugadzirisa mutsara inzira inogadzirisa yakazara iyo zvikamu zvose zvekuputira zvinoitwa, kusanganisira kushambadza uye kukura kwepamusoro kwezvigadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana nekugadzirisa.

Mutsara wekutengesa munharaunda yakazara inosanganisira yeti yegreji galvanic baths, modular rectifiers, loading / unloading stand, midziyo yekufambisa, zvigadziro zvinopedza kuputika kwemhepo, kushandiswa kwemvura uye kubudiswa kwemvura, simbi yakagadzirwa neyero remushandi.

Galvanic yekushambidzira inogona kugadzirwa nesimbi isina zvisikwa , simbi yakagadzirwa nemapurymeric zvinhu kana rubha. Mazuva ano ekugezera, akadzivirira kubva pamapurimi emapuranga, ari kuwedzera kuisa zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo. Kusarudzwa kwekushambidza zvinhu kunobva pakuumbwa uye kuongororwa kwe electrolyte nekushanda kwekushanda.

Kukurukurirana kwemvura uye magadzirirwo emvura, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda mhepo inenge iri pasi pemabhati uye inogadzirwa nepropropylene.

Kuyera kwemutsara kunotsanangurwa nehutano hwahwo uye hupamhi hweg galvanic baths.

Galvanic galvanizing inowanikwa nekuumbwa kwemvura yakasviba ine yakakura yesimbi heavy ions. Nokudaro, vanodzivirirwa, vakasvibiswa, vasingatauri, makemikari mvura yakasvibiswa, sorption uye mamwe maitiro anoshandiswa mumatangi akaitwa nejinijini.

Electrolytic zinc kupfeka mumba

Galvanic galvanizing, yakabudiswa noruoko, inotanga nekusarudzwa kwezvinhu. I electrolyte inogona kuva mhinduro ye zinc chloride uye hydrochloric acid mumvura yakasvibiswa. Iyi ndiyo inonzi soldering acid, iyo inowanzoshandiswa kumba. Mhizha inch zinc muchitoro che sulfuric acid uye inotora ZnSO ₄ electrolyte, asi izvi zvinotyisa, sezvo kuputika kwehydrogen uye kupisa kunosunungurwa panguva yekuita. Mune electrolyte, pasina mhaka inofanira kunge iine kugadziriswa kwemakrisstals emunyu.

Zinc yakachena inogona kutengwa pamakemikari ezvitoro kana pamusika wekeroti, asi inogona kuwanikwa kubva mumatribheti emunyu kana futi dzakachengetwa kubva panguva dzeSoviet Union.

Iko galvanic bath inogona kuva girazi kana chiganda chemapurasitiki. Inotsigira matatu matatu kune anode uye cathode. The anode is platinum plate, iyo inowedzera inowanikwa kubva kune simba. Iyo yakakura ye anode, iyo yunifomu yakawanda kupfeka kuchava pamakateti, chigadzirwa icho chidziro chokudzivirira chichashandiswa. Anodes inogona kuva yakawanda, inokwanisa kuiswa kumativi ose emakatikiti kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure, kuitira kuti ivhu racho rifukidzwe ne zinc pamwe chete uye pamwe chete kubva kumativi ose. A "minus" yehutu hwemagetsi yakabatanidzwa kune cathode.

Kunyangwe kana kugadzirisa kuchiitwa kumba, teknolojia inosanganisira kuchenesa zvakakwana nekuderera kwechikamu chacho, pamwe nekushanda kwayo mu acid aripo.

Simba rine motokari yemotokari ine bhuruzi yerima kana kuti mumwe mutengi ari munharaunda, kuitira kuti ikozvino iri mudunhu rakaderera, kana kuti magetsi ane nguva inenge ichibuda. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuti hapanofanira kuva nekukurumidza kunwa kwe electrolyte mukugadzirisa.

Izvo chaizvo zincification inowanikwa apo anodes uye cathode zvinoderedzwa mu electrolyte uye dare regesi rinovharwa. Iyo yakareba iyo inoguma, iyo yakasvibiswa iyo zinc layer yakagadzirwa.

Nekubatsira kwe galvaniic galvanizing, kuvharidzirwa kwekudzivirira pane zvigadzirwa kunowanikwa zvakakwana, yunifomu uye yakasvibiswa, nekunakidza. Iyo inoshandiswa zvose mumakambani uye pamusha, pasinei nokuti kushandiswa kwemvura kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakashata zvinokonzera mamiriro okunze zvinodiwa.