Phenol mukugadzira: nzira dzinokosha

Phenol chinhu chisina kuchena chekristalline yakagadzirwa nekunhuhwirira kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzirwa kwemavara akasiyana-siyana, mapurasitiki, maitiro akasiyana-siyana emagetsi (zvikurukuru caprone). Pamberi pekusimbiswa kwemabhizimisi emapetrochemical, phenol yakagadzirwa chete kubva mumarata emarasha. Zvechokwadi, nzira iyi yakanga isingakwanise kuvhara zvose zvido zvebhizimusi rinokurumidza mu phenol, iro rave ikozvino rakava chinhu chinokosha chezvinhu zvose zvakatipoteredza.

Phenol, iyo yakagadziriswa yakave yakakosha kudikanwa maererano nekuonekwa kwepamusoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvitsva nezvimwe zvinhu, iyo iyo inoshandiswa inokosha, inoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwe phenol-formaldehyde resin. Uye iyo, zvakare, inokosha yezvinhu zve phenoplasts. Uyewo, yakawanda ye phenol inoshandiswa kuva cyclohexanol, iyo inofanirwa kugadzira michina yakagadzirwa nemahesheni pamagetsi.

Imwe nzira inokosha yekushandiswa kwe phenol ndeyekugadzirwa kwesanganiswa ye creosols, iyo inogadzirwa mu creosol-formaldehyde resin yakashandiswa kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurapa, maitiro antiseptics uye antioxidants. Saka, nhasi kubudiswa kwe phenol muhuwandu hwakawanda basa rinokosha re petrochemchemistry. Nzira dzakawanda dzakatove dzakagadzirwa dzinoita kuti zviboneke kubudisa ichi ichi mune zvakawanda zvakakwana. Ngatitangei pamusoro pezvinhu zvikuru.

Nzira yekare uye inopupurirwa ndeyearkali kusungurudza, iyo inoratidzwa nepamusoro-soro ye sulfuric acid iyo sulfonation yebenziene uye caustic yakateverwa nefusion yayo mu benzenesulfonate munyu inobva iyo yakasunungurwa zvakananga. Kubudiswa kwe phenol ne chlorination ye benzene yakatevedzerwa ne saponification ye chlorobenzene ne caustic soda inodhura chete kana pane yakawanda yemagetsi asina kudiwa anodiwa pakugadzira caustic uye chlorine. Izvo zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zvemuitiro uyu ndeyekudiwa kwekusika yakamanikidzwa (zvinenge mazana matatu emhepo) uye inonyanya kukosha kwezvigadzirwa corrosion.

Nzira imwe yemazuva ano ndiyo kugadzirira kwe phenol nekuparara kwe isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide. Ichokwadi, chirongwa chekuparadzanisa chinhu chakakosha apa chinenge chakaoma, sezvo chinosanganisira kutanga kwekubudisa hydroperoxide kuburikidza nebenenene alkylation process ne propylene solution. Uyezve, teknolojia inopa huni hutano hwehuyo huchiita isopropylbenzene nemhepo inosanganiswa kuti igadzire hydroperoxide. Sezvo chikonzero chakanaka chemuitiro uyu, munhu anogona kuona kukohwa kwakafanana ne phenol yeimwe chinhu chinokosha, acetone.

Panewo nzira yekuparadzaniswa kwe phenol kubva ku coke uye semi-coke resine yezvinhu zvakasimba zvemafuta. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kwete kuwana chete phenol inokosha, asiwo kugadzirisa unhu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehydrocarbon. Imwe yezvinhu zve phenol inokurumidza kusanganiswa, iyo inotungamirira kukurumidza kukwegura kwemafuta uye kuumbwa kwezvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa ne viscous resin mairi.

Asi nzira yazvino yemazuva ano uye kubudirira kwekupedzisira kwekambani ye petrochemical ndeyekugadzirwa kwe phenol kubva kuBenene zvakananga nekusvibisa ne nitrous oxide. Zvose izvi zvinowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa adiabatic reactor, iyo inoshandiswa neoolite-ine catalyst iripo. Kutanga nitrous oxide inowanikwa ne oxidizing ammonia nemhepo kana kuparadzanisa kubva kune adipic acid. Kunyanya zvakanyatsobva, kubva kune zvayo-zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwepakati. Iyi teknolojia inokwanisa kupa yakakwana-purity phenol ine zvishoma zvese zvakasvibiswa zvezvinhu zvisina kuchena.