Chii chinonzi surfactant uye chinokanganisa sei mhuka?

Mvura ndiyo inowanikwa pasi rose pasi rose pasi redu. Pakutanga, famba nguva pfupi chero ipi zvayo, inopindirana nayo, inotarisana nea hydrolysis uye inoparara.

Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko izvi zvinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza, pasina kumirira kwarinoenda kune imwe nyika. Nokuda kweizvi, kushandiswa kwemafuti anoshandiswa.

Chii chinonzi surfactant? Aya ndiwo makemikari makemikari anowedzera kusvibiswa kwemvura uye anovandudza kukwanisa kwaro kunyorova mitumbi yakasiyana-siyana. Kubudirira kwegadziriro iyi kunopesana nekutengesa kwepasi - firimu yakaonda ine maamolekemu emvura inoparadzanisa iyo kubva kune gasious mediation. Izvi zvakasimba kwazvo, zvinoumba chigadziro chekupindira kwemvura kune izvo zvinhu izvo zvinoda kuzadzwa nemamolekoro pane chimwe chikonzero.

Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti vanhu vatsvake kuisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana chido chekuvachenesa kwekusvibiswa, kureva, kushamba kana kushamba. Sese inonyanya uye yakare-pamusoro-inoshandiswa inoshandiswa iyo vanhu kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, asi kubudirira kwemazuva ano emakemikari kwakaratidza kuti munhu akadaro asingashandisi haasisiri nzira dzinoshanda. Pasinei nehomwe yakakura sese yakagadzirwa uye inopedzwa, haisati yashandiswa nhasi kushamba nekugeza ndiro. Kubvira pakupera kwemazana makumi mana ezana remakore rechi20, zvitsva zvitsva zvakaonekwa, zvine simba rezvishamiso zvechokwadi, zvinoratidzwa nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemhepo.

Kurongwa kwevafrefactants nemakemikari avo, maitiro e molecule uye zvakasikwa zvinosanganisira:

- Nonionic surfactants.

Amphoteric surfactants.

Cationic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants.

Pamusoro pezvose zvinoshanda uye mune zvehupfumi, nzvimbo inoshandiswa nezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemazuva ano emakemikari emakemikari mune zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvematanic zvinokonzera kumwe kutyisidzira kwezvisikwa zvenyika. Kunyange zvazvo kune chinhu chinoparadzaniswa kuva makhahydrates mushure mekushandisa. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munhu akadaro, anoshandiswa pamusana pealkyl polyglucosides, akachengeteka kumhepo.

Nhengo huru ye detergents uye detergent yakabudiswa haigoni kuparara uye inochengetedza iyo nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba. Kupinda mumvura yemvura uye nyika yegungwa, ivo vanogona kugunzva zvakanyanya zvinhu zvemvura huru yepasi redu iyo ichava upenyu hunotyisa. Nhasi nhasi (nemhaka yehuwandu hwezvinoshandiswa zvinogadziriswa), zvakaoma-kubvisa zvinyorwa zvesimbi zvinorema izvo zvinokuvadza muviri kuwira mumvura, kusanganisira mvura yekunwa. Izvi zvisingakuvadzi zvinenge zvisingakwanisi kuparara zvakadaro mumvura, kupinda mukati maro kubva kune ivhu, kana risina vashandisi vesimbi mumagariro evanhu.

Zvinogona kuonekwa, chinetso chii? Iko inofanira kungorambidza kushandiswa kwezvose zvinogadziriswa, kunze kweiyo zvichibva kune yakachengeteka e-alkyl polyglucosides. Asi hazvisi zvose zviri nyore. Ichokwadi ndechekuti munhu akadaro anonyanya kushandiswa akadhura, uye zvinokonzerwa nazvo zvinenge zvisingakwanisi kune munhu wose. Ichokwadi chokuti migumisiro yekukurumidza kushandiswa kwemakemikari inogona kuva inotyisa, vatengi nevatengi vasingafungi.