Shanduro yekuzvidzivirira "Shilka". ZSU-23-4 Shilka

Mumazana makumi maviri ekutanga mushure mekuonekwa kwazvo, kupisa ndege kwakava simba rinotyisa rehondo. Zvinonzwisisika, pakarepo yakatanga kuonekwa mari yekudzivirira kuparadza kwayo kuparadza. Kunyange iyo ndege dzakanakisisa dzeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Dzakawanda dzinogona kukanganisa zvikuru mauto ehondo dzinorwisana. Zvadaro paiva neSpain, Abyssinia nedzimwe mhirizhonga dzakaitika nekushandisa ndege, kazhinji dzakaputira nzvimbo dzisingagoni kuzvidzivirira kana dzimba dzorugare, dzisina kusangana. Zvisinei, boka guru rinopikisa kumakwikwi emabhiza rakatanga muna 1939, apo Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakaitika. Izvo zvombo zvekudzivirirwa kwemhepo zvakava rudzi rwakasiyana rwezvombo. Kazhinji kacho, dambudziko guru remasimba epasi rakamiririrwa nevatongi pasi-kurwisa ndege dziri kushanda kwakadzika uye zvichikonzera kuputika kwebhomba kwakarurama. Izvi hazvina kuchinja zvakanyanya mumakumi manomwe ekupedzisira.

Nhoroondo yezvechirevo cheShilka

Ikozvino mumazuva makumi maviri ekupedzisira ezana remakumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemaviri, varimi vemaoko akawanda, vachiona zviri mberi kukura kwekuwedzera, vakapindira mukurudzirwa kwekurumidza-moto zvombo zvehondo, yakagadzirirwa kunyanya kurwisa zvinangwa zvemhepo. Somugumisiro, sampuli dzediki zvidhinha zvigadziri zvakaonekwa pahutatu hutatu, dzakagadziriswa nedzimwe tsvina. Mienzaniso yeGermany inopesana nepfuti dzepfuti Flak (pfupi yeFlugzeugabwehrkanone), yakagamuchirwa ne Wehrmacht muna 1934. Mukati yehondo yakatanga makore mashanu gare gare, dzaiwanzogadziriswa uye dzinobudiswa muhuwandu hwakawanda. The Erlikons, yakagadzirwa muSwitzerland (1927), yaizivikanwa zvikuru uye yakashandiswa nemapoka ose ehondo yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Izvo zvirongwa zvakaratidza zvakanakisisa muhutano hwekurwisa ndege dzehondo dzakapinda, dzinomanikidzwa kushanda panzvimbo yakadzika. Nhamba yepfuti idzi dzinokurumidza kupisa moto dzaiwanzoita mamita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri pakureba kwakasiyana-siyana kwe cartrid (yekutanga kutengesa, uye naizvozvo iyo yakatarisa, inotarisana nehuwandu hwemapupuriri mumutambo we cartridji). Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemoto kwakawanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemitambo yakawanda. Saka pfungwa yakawanda yakaumbwa, maererano nekuti Soviet anti-aircraft self-propelled unit "Shilka" yakagadzirwa sei.

Chikonzero nei iwe uchida hombe yakadzivirira moto inopisa moto

Muma 1950s, teknolojia yakasvibisa yakaonekwa, kusanganisira zvombo zvehondo. Strategic bombers uye mapurisa ekuremekedza, aimbova aine chivimbo mune denga risinganzwisisiki, pakarepo akarasikirwa. Zvechokwadi, kukurudzira kwegeyari yakaenderera mberi nenzira yekuwedzera denga nekukurumidza, asi yakava yakachengeteka kune vese vemahope troopers kuti vaoneke panzvimbo dzevavengi. Ichokwadi, vaive neimwe nzira yakarurama yokuti varege kubatwa nemhepo yekudzivirirwa kwemhepo, uye yaisanganisira kupinda mune chinangwa panzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo. Sekuguma kwemasabata makumi matanhatu, mauto e-anti-aircraft eU.SR akanga asina kugadzirira kudzivisa mhirizhonga yemauto emhepo ichibhururuka nemugwagwa unofamba nekukurumidza. Nguva yekupindura yakazove yakanyanya kuduku, munhu kunyange neichikurumidza "boxing" reflexes aisakwanisa kuva nemuviri wekutsva moto, asingatombogoni kuvhara chinangwa, achifambisa mudenga kwemaminitsi mashomanana. Automation uye maitiro ekudzivirira akavimbika aidiwa. Muna 1957, chisarudzo chakavanzika cheChristian Ministers chakatanga kutanga kwebasa pakusikwa kweZSU inokurumidza-moto. Vakauya nezita: anti-ndege chikwata che "self-propelled unit" Shilka ". Yaiva chinhu chiduku: kugadzira nekugadzira.

ZSU chii?

Zvaidiwa zvekombiyuta itsva zvaisanganisira zvinhu zvizhinji, pakati padzo zvakanga zvakasiyana zvikuru kune vashandi vedu. Heano mamwe acho:

- Shilka inonzi antiaircraft gun inofanira kuva ne-radar yakavakwa yekuona ndege ine utsinye.

- Caliber - 23 mm. Icho, chokwadi, chiduku, asi tsika yehondo yapfuura yakaratidza kuti, pamwero wakakura wemoto, kuputika kwekuparadzana kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakwana kukonzera kukwanisa kwekurwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinorwisa.

- Sezvo chikamu chetsika chinofanira kunge chiri chigadzirwa chekutsvaga chinokurudzira sarudzo yekutsvaga chinangwa panguva yemoto, inotungamirirwa mumamiriro akasiyana, kusanganisira kutama. Kana tikacherechedza chikamu chekutanga chepakati pezana remakore rechi20, basa racho harisi nyore.

- Kuiswa "Shilka" kunofanirwa kuzvidzivirira, kunogona kutamira kune nzvimbo yakaoma kwete kukunda chero tangi chero ipi zvayo.

Cannon

Hondo yeUSSR ndiyo yakanakisisa munyika kubva kuStal's times, saka pakanga pasina mibvunzo mune zvose zvakabatana ne "trunks". Yakaramba ichisarudzwa chete kuti isarudze huwandu hwakanaka hwekugadzirisa nzira (yakanakisisa yaizivikanwa nebhandi). Mushonga wekugadzira 23-mm caliber "Amur" AZP-23 ne "kushanda" kunoshamisa kwema 3400 rds / min. Yakadikanwa kumanikidzirwa mvura inopisa (antifreeze kana mvura), asi yakakosha. Chero chinangwa mukati memakiromita mazana maviri kusvika ku2,5 makiromita chakanga chine mikana shoma yekurarama, ichirova nzira dzekuona. Zvigunwe zvaive zvakagadziriswa nekugadzirisa hurongwa, nzvimbo yavo yaitungamirirwa nenzira yekushandisa magetsi. Paiva neane mana.

Ndekupi kuisa radar antenna?

ZSU-23 "Shilka" inogadzirwa nenzira inoenderana neklassical scheme nekamuri yehondo, chikwata chemasimba chakasimba, kutengesa kwemashure uye musasa. Zvimwe zvinetso zvakamuka pamwe nekuiswa kwe radar antenna. Pakati pemiti kuitira kuti irege kuva isina musoro, nhengo dzesimbi dzaigona kuva chinyorwa chekubudiswa uye kugamuchira zviratidzo. Iyi mamiriro ekupedzisira akaisa pangozi kuparadzwa kwemagetsi e "plateka" kubva pane kudengenyeka kunotanga panguva yekupfura. Mukuwedzera, mumamiriro ezvinhu emasimba emagetsi emagetsi (jamming), bhuku rekushandisa rekushandisa raive rakarongedzwa kuburikidza nekuona kwemupfuri, uye kugadzirwa kwemasimiti kunogona kudzivisa maonero. Somugumisiro, iyo antenna yakaiswa uye ikaiswa pamusoro peimba yemagetsi kumavirira.

Motor and chassis

Chisiki yacho inokwererwa kubva kune tangi yemvura PT-76. Inosanganisira matanhatu yekateti rinks kune rumwe rutivi. Kutsiva matsime, mapapu ane zvigadziri zvinokonzera rubber-zvisimbiso kuti zvidzivirire kusapfeka nguva isati yasvika.

Injini yakamanikidzwa (В6Р), simba re 280 l. Na., Ejection cooling system. Kutengesa shanu-kasi, kunopa marita 30 km / h (munzvimbo yakaoma) kusvika 50 km / h (mumugwagwa mukuru). Ruzhinji rwusingaiti refu refu - kusvika ku-450 km / h uye matangi azere akazara.

ZU-23 yakagadzirwa nemhepo yakachena filtration system, iyo inosanganisira labyrinth system yezvikamu, uyewo kumwe kuongorora kwezvinosvibisa nemhepo inopisa.

Zvose zviyero zvemakina mashekeri 21, kusanganisira shongwe - dzinopfuura 8 matani.

Devices

Imidziyo yemagetsi, iyo inogadziriswa neunopikisa ndege-self-propelled unit "Shilka", inosanganiswa mune imwe nzira yekutonga ye RPK-2M kupoteredza. Iro raarar imishini inosanganisira radar (1РЛ33М2, yakasangana pamatanda ezvigadziko), iyo yepambiyuta yemakombiyuta (panguva yekusikwa kwemuenzaniso yainzi inonzi kuverenga chigadzirwa), rhepfenyuro yevhidhiyo yekudzivirira, kuverenga kwemaziso optical.

Iyo yakaoma inopa mukana wekuona chinangwa chacho (pane imwe nzvimbo kusvika pamakiromita makumi maviri), iyo yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga (kusvika kune 15 km), kuchinja nguva yekutakura yemapulisa munyaya yejamming (kubvongodza), kuverenga mishonga yemoto kuti ibudirire mukana wakawanda wekurova mahombodo. Sangano rinogona kushanda mumitambo mihlanu, kusanganisira kubata mhirizhonga yechinhu chacho, kugadzirisa zvindori zvayo zvinyorwa uye kupisa panzvimbo dzepasi.

Kukurukurirana kwekunze kunoitwa neredhiyo re-radio Р-123М, mukati - pamutambo we TPU-4.

Nguva yokuremekedza uye ruzivo rwekushanda

Sangano rinopesana nemapurisa re "Shilka" rakagamuchirwa kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu emakore akapfuura. Pasinei nezera rekuremekedza nekuda kwezvombo zvinorwisana nemakungwa, zvese gumi nemaviri zvichine huri muchikwata chemauto avo ehondo. Hondo yeIsrael, iyo muna 1973 yakaona kugadziriswa kwezvikwata zvina zveSZU pamapurogiramu ayo, inoramba ichishandisa makumi matanhatu emakopi akatorwa kubva kuEgypt pamwe nekuwedzerwa kutengwa pashure. Kuwedzera kune dzimwe nyika dzaimbove dzichiumba USSR, Soviet anti-ndege dzinoputika dzakagadzirira muitiko wehondo kuti ishandise nyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica, Asia uye nyika yeArabhu. Vamwe vavo vane ruzivo mukurwisana kwehondo idzi, izvo zvakakwanisa kurwisa zvose kuMiddle East neVietnam (uye kwete nevashori vasina simba). Ivewo ari mauto eimbova Warsaw Pact nyika, uye nhamba dzakawanda. Uye icho chimiro: ZU-23 hapana uye hapana munhu anodana antiques kana rimwe zita rechizita, kuratidza zvombo zvekare.

Kuva nemafungiro uye tarisiro

Hungu, kunaka kwekare Shilka haasisiri muduku. Chirwere chinopesana nemapurisa chakasara pakuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana, chinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda uye kuwedzerwa kuvimbika. Akadzidza kusiyanisa ndege dzake kubva kune vanhu vatisingazive, akatanga kuita nekukurumidza, magetsi akawana zvitsva pazvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. Iko "yekuvandudza" kwekupedzisira yaiva mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, zvino, zvinoita sokuti, simba rekugadzirwa kwezuva iri rekupera rakapera. Kutsiva "Shilkam" kunouya "Tunguska" uye imwe SZU, iyo ine mikana yakawanda zvikuru. Nhasi mauto helikopta yokurwa anogona kukunda ZU-23 nechekusvikika. Chii chaungaita, kufambira mberi ...