Novokuibyshevsky refinery. Nhoroondo uye mabasa ekambani

Indasitiri yemafuta yeRussia ndiyo imwe yenheyo yehupfumi hwenyika. Inomiririrwa nemabhizimisi mazhinji. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha - Novokuybyshevsk mafuta ekuchenesa. Tsvaga pakati peizvi uye mamwe mabhizimusi emudhizimusi anoitwa mukati meboka remakambani ane kambani huru yemafuta yenyika, Rosneft.

General information

Novokuibyshevsky refinery (mafuta kunatsvaira) iri munzvimbo yeSamara. Basa iri rimwe remakambani ayo ari chikamu cheboka raSamara rekugadzira zvinhu, izvo muna 2007 zvakawanikwa naRosneft. Novokuibyshevsky refinery yakaonekwa muna 1951. Yakatangwa kusunungurwa kwemiti yakawanda yepetroleum, iyo iyo kusvikira panguva iyo muU.SR yakanga isina kuberekwa: somuenzaniso, mafuta e rocket uye mafuta ejet injini.

Mukupera kwema50 uye pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu. Chimiro chakapfuura zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemazuva ano, simba rayo rinowedzera. Maitiro matsva emagetsi mumunda we petro petrochemistry aive akajeka. Mukutanga kwema1970, kunatswa kwakavakwazve. Mumakore ekuma1990, yakavandudzwa zvivako zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvinhu, zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kwaNovokuibyshevsky kwakakwanisa kugadzirisa zvachose kugadzirwa kwemhepo isina mafuta .

Nhoroondo yekugadziriswa: nguva yeSoviet

Nhoroondo yemiti yacho inosanganisira nguva dzinoverengeka. Yokutanga inoratidzwa nebasa muSoviet era. Saka, muna 1951 kunatswa kweNovokuibyshevsky kwakatangwa. Indasitiri yeirivha vashandi vakatanga kushanda kuti vabatsire hupfumi hwehupfumi. Basa iri rakagadzirwa, maererano nenhamba dzakawanda dzezvenzvi, nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvezvidziviriro uye rocket uye space industries. Pamusimwa, kubudiswa kwezvikwata zvakakwana zvakagadzirwa kweSoviet oil industry yakasimbiswa.

Nhoroondo yekugadziriswa: sechikamu chekambani Yukos

Mushure mokuputsika kweU.SR, hurumende yakatamira kune imwe nguva. Nguva yemisika yemari. Nhaka dzekunatsa patsva yaNovaibyshevsk (sechikamu cheguta guru rakagamuchirwa) rakawira munharaunda yekambani yemafuta Yukos, yakagadzirirwa munaNovember 1992. Basa iri, sezvo riri chikamu chekambani huru, raive nekushingaira kusimba: kunyanya, mumakore ekuma1990, masimba eYUKOS akavandudza masimba ose anoshanda munzvimbo yeSamara. Kuvandudzika kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakagadzirisawo Novokuibyshevsk mafuta ekuchenesa.

Sezvo chikamu chehurongwa hwemazuva ano, Yukos akaparadzanisa kuchenesa magetsi, rimwe nerimwe rave rakashandiswa pane imwe nzvimbo yebhizimusi iyo chikamu cheboka rekambani. Kunyanya, paNoyokuybyshevsk kuchenesa mafuta, hutano hwakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti kucheneswa kweiri kuitika pane zvakanyanya. Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvinoshandiswa pamusimwa (nenzira yakaoma distillates) zvakaunzwa pano kubva kunzvimbo yekuchenesa yeSamara uye yebhizimisi rakafanana muSyran.

Nhoroondo yekugadziriswa: muchitarisiko chaRosneft

Muna 2007, nguva itsva yebasa racho yakatanga - yakatengwa naRosneft. Unyanzvi hwemichero hwaive pasi pechikamu chinotevera chemazuva ano. Somugumisiro, mhando itsva yemishonga yakabudiswa pakuchenesa. Izvozvo zvakadai sefurairi (inofanana nehutano hweEuropean model), pamwe nebitumen yezvidzidzo zvitsva zvinoshandiswa mumugwagwa.

Refinery Mabasa

Iye zvino chimiro ichi chinoramba chichiita basa rinokosha muRussia yekuchenesa mafashoni. Basa rekambani inobata "Rosneft" inowanzoenderana nemiti yakadaro sekunatswa kweNovokuibyshevsky. Nzvimbo yepamutemo yebhishopu yekambani yemubereki yemurimi (rosneft.ru) ine ine tsanangudzo yakajeka pamusoro pekambani inobatsira, nezvehuwandu hwayo uye matambudziko anotarisana nehutungamiri hwekambani (mashoko anogona kuwanika muchikamu "Kuchenesa"). Mugore rinogona kuita zvinenge mamiriyoni 9,5 emataundi emafuta - uku ndiko kukwanisa kwaro. Muna 2007, kunyanya, chirongwa chegore rakasikwa chaive mamiriyoni 7,43 (ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kwakatakurwa neanenge 77.7%).

Kuyera kwekuchenesa mafuta kwaive kwakakwirira-pamusoro pe 77.4% mugore rimwe chete ra2007. Kuti unzwisise kuti zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakapihwa kutsvaira kweNovokuibyshevsky zvakaderedzwa, mepu yeWestern Siberia ichave yakakosha zvikuru kwatiri-iripo (uyewo mune munharaunda yeSamara) iyo inoshandiswa minda inowedzera. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinokonzera motokari yemarudzi ose emhando dzekutakura. Iyo inoberekawo zvikamu izvo zviri chikamu chekuisa mafuta, petrochemical products, spit, bitumen. Basa iri riri kugadzirira kuvakazve mukati megadziriro yepurogiramu yakasiyana inotaura kuti dambudziko re hydrocracking, a reformer achavakwa, uye zvivako zvekugadzirisa zvekuita isomerization nekugadzira zvichagadziriswa. Chinangwa chehurongwa hwemazuva ano ndechekusimbisa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa pakuchenesa, izvo zvichaenderana neEuro-5 yakaenzana.

Nezve Rosneft

Chii chinonzi Rosneft, uyo ane pfuma yebasa rakadaro sekunatsvaira kwaNovaibyshevsky? Kero (yemutemo) sangano iri iri kuMoscow. Mamwe mavara anoratidza kuti iyi yakasimba ndiyo mutungamiri weshizha rekuRussia rwemafuta uye panguva imwechete imwe yemakambani makuru pasi rose mune iyi indasitiri. Rosneft anoshanda mubasa rekucherechedza, anotsvaga mafuta uye gasi, uye anogadzira mhando dzakawanda dzemiti inonzi petroleum. Mukuwedzera kune Novokuybyshevsk anochera mafuta, ine michina yezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Rosneft anoshandawo mumakambani emagesi. Kubudiswa kwe "blue fuel" muhuwandu hwemaminerari akabudiswa nekambani inenge 10%. Asi gore negore iyi sangano, sevanotsvakurudza vanoti, inowedzera kuti kambani iwedzere kuwedzera (iyo inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nehuwandu hwemari inotengwa neRosneft). Iko kune dingindira inoratidza kuti kambani inotarisira kubereka mabhiriyoni 55 cubic mamita emagetsi ka2020 gore negore.

Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti Rosneft ndeimwe yekambani dzeRussia dzakakosha. Mugove mukuru wekambani iyi Rosneftegaz OJSC (75.16% yezvikamu), izvo, zvakare, ndeye 100% inowanikwa nehurumende.