Musoro wehondo iri mubasa raLermontov. Mabasa aLermontov nezvehondo

Musoro wehondo mubasa reLermontov ndeimwe yenzvimbo huru. Kutaura pamusoro pezvikonzero zvechirwere ichi chimukumbira kwaari, zvakakosha kucherechedza mamiriro ehupenyu hwake hwega, uyewo zviitiko zvezvakaitika zvakakanganisa nyika yake uye akawana mhinduro mumabasa.

Zviitiko zvinokosha kubva ku biography

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov akazvarwa muna 1814, apo maRussia akazopedzisira akunda mauto eNapoleon. Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri akaona Decembrist achimukira paSeneate Square. Kubva mukumukira kwePugachev yakaparadzaniswa kwemakore makumi mashanu. Gore ra1830 rakaratidza chiRussian Revolution, uye mhirizhonga yevarimi yakatanga muRussia. Murondedzeri weramangwana uye munyori weprose panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore gumi namatanhatu. Hazvishamisi kuti hondo mbiri - Hondo yePatriotic ye1812 uye kupandukira kwePugachev - yakanyatsobatanidzwa muyeuchidzo kwete chete yeLermontov, asiwo yevakawanda venguva yake.

Hondo neNapoleon inonyanya kufadza mudetembi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Chokutanga pane zvose, iyo, chokwadi, yakaratidza simba rose nesimba revanhu veRussia. Uyewo, tsanangudzo yehondo ye1812 yaiva rudzi rwekunyunyuta pamusoro pechizvarwa chemazuva ano chinogara mukunyadziswa. Uyezve, baba vaLermontov vakatora chikamu mazviri, uye vazukuru vaidiwa vanyori - mudhakwa neDmitry Stolypin - vakava mauto eBorodin. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti nyaya yehondo yaigara ichikurukurwa pamba. Lermontov, sa sponge, akawana hurukuro idzi.

Nhetembo pamusoro pehondo

Vaitaura pamusoro pehondo yose kuMoscow University uye paChikoro cheVashambadzi veVashambadziri uye veVatasvi vemabhiza, apo Lermontov akadzidza. Nhetembo pamusoro pehondo ye1812 akatanga kunyora kare kare, achiri achiri kuyaruka.

"Munda weBorodino"

Imwe yemabasa ekutanga yakatsaurirwa kuhondo yeBorodino yaiva nhetembo "The Field of Borodino". Akanyora pazera remakore gumi nemaviri. Mune rwiyo urwu ruduku, Lermontov anoratidza kusarudza kwake kurwisana neAmerica yake kusvika pakuguma. Nhoroondo yacho inotorwa kubva kune munhu wokutanga, saka zvakaoma kuti muverengi anzwisise naiye ari kuita hurukuro - nemutoja ari nyore, mukuru wehurumende, muchecheriman kana muzvombo. Chimiro chegamba hachizvifananidza nemabhuku ezvinyorwa zvekare, nokuti wechidiki Lermontov haasati abvisa rudo rwepasi rose. Kutaura kwake kuchiri kure nevanhu, anoshandisa bhuku remabhuku, rakafuridzirwa neZhukovsky's lyrics. Somuenzaniso: "vanakomana ve pakati peusiku", "guva guru," "usiku hunofadza."

"Borodin's Field" yakasiyana chaizvo nezvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro pehondo kare. Uye haisi kunyange iyo nhetembo yakanyatsobatanidza nhoroondo yevanyori uye zviitiko chaiyo zvehondo. Hero yeLermontov izere nehupenyu, hakuna iyo mauto ayo aiva mahedheni mumasimba eZhukovsky anotaurwa pamusoro apa.

The Two Giant

Nyaya huru yehondo ndeimwe yezvakakosha, iyo iyo Young Lermontov yakanyora. Hondo ye1812 inobatanidzwawo munhetembo yeThe Two Giant. Mariri, munyori wenhema anonyatsoratidza kukunda kweRussia pamusoro peNapoleon. Anoshandisa mitauro yekunyoreswa, rwiyo rwemifananidzo uye nhau dzemafungiro, mapepa epikicha e "Russian Knights" anokunda zvakaipa.

Kunyanya kuuraya ndiro laconic rivalry pakati pe "daring" mutsva uye akachenjera "Russian giant". Mune vadzivisi vaviri ava tinoona kupesana kwepakati peRussia neFrance, Kutuzov naNapoleon, mauto maviri, vanhu vaviri. Imwe-"guru guru reRussia" - inoratidza simba rose uye risingachinjiki rwevanhu veRussia, uye imwe - "vatatu vhiki-yakashata" -kuvimbika uye asingatyi, mumashoko eNapoleonic, anotenda kuti nokutora Moscow, iye achakunda.

Russia knight is absolutely calm, as if he knew that he would not lose. Chirume chechipiri chiri mukurota kwekukunda kwakakosha, chikonzero chake chakazara nekukunda kwekare. Mune izvi tinoona kusava nehanya kwake, uye kunyange kunyengera, kunyange dai aiva noushingi, akashinga, akasimba. Lermontov pamusoro pehondo yaiva chaiyo pfungwa iyi: muFrance ainyanya kuzvikudza. Nokudaro, nhetembo haina kuratidza hondo, nokuti yakanga isingambove yakambovapo.

Borodino

Kuongorora mabasa aLermontov pamusoro pehondo, hazvibviri kutaura mazwi mashomanana pamusoro peshoko rakakurumbira remunyori wenhetembo - "Borodino", yakanyorwa muna 1837, pamakore makumi maviri neshanu yemakore yePatriotic War ye1812.

Mumakore ekuchikoro takadzidza nemoyo idzi mitsara moto. Kwenguva yokutanga mumabhuku, hondo inorondedzerwa kubva pakuona kwemauto ezvombo zvekare. Mune "Borodino Field" Lermontov akatotanga kuratidza hondo iyo hondo yakawanda, asi yaiva mu "Borodino" zvokuti akakwanisa kutora mufananidzo wakajeka zvikuru: mugumisiro wekurwisana zvachose wakatsigirwa nezviito zvevanhu, kubatana kwavo nekubatana. Varwi vakanga vakagadzirira pamutengo weupenyu hwavo kuti vabudirire kukunda: "isu tichamira misoro yedu kunyika yedu yekumusha."

Imwe hero kubva kuBododino iri nyore, yakawanda "yakakurumbira" kudarika yaanoda kutanga. Lermontov anotarisira kuratidzira isu kuburikidza nemashoko akajairika e-psychology ye hero, uyo anowanzova murwi: "nzeve pakorona", "mangwanani mapfupa akarara", "guru munda". Lermontov akanyorera Borodino kubva pane chokwadi. Panguva ino, akasiya fungiro yemunyori, achidzokorora mufananidzo wehondo maererano nezvinovimbwa. Pasinei nehurukuro duku, Borodino yakave nhetembo yose yehondo yeNapoleonic.

Hondo yeCaucasian

Musoro wehondo munharaunda yeLermontov haigoni kuvharwa zvakazara pasina kutaura nezveCaucasus. Anonyatsotora nzvimbo inokosha mumoyo wemunyori wenhetembo. Pano akararama, akada murudo rwekutanga, akarwa ndokufa.

Kwenguva yokutanga muCaucasus, Lermontov akauya semwana wemakore matanhatu apo mbuya Erizaveta Arsenyeva vakamuunza kuchipatara. Pazera remakore gumi nemana, murondedzeri wechidiki akatanga kuona pfungwa yakadzama yerudo, iyo yaakarangarira nokuda kwehupenyu.

Muna 1837, Lermontov asingazivikanwi, akashamiswa nenyaya dzisingatarisirwi nezvekufa kwaPushkin, akanyora nhetembo "The Death of a Poet." Usiku huno anova akakurumbira, asi pamwe nekurumbira iye anowana rutivi rweCaucasus. Ichokwadi, nokuda kwezvaiitwa naambuya vake, akagara kwemwedzi mishoma.

Muna 1840, mushure mokunge aine Ernest Barant, Lermontov zvakare akatumwa kuCaucasus. Chipiri chekubatanidza chakange chakasiyana zvikuru neyekutanga, chakanga chakaita sorwendo kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakanaka. Panguva ino Nicholas wokutanga aida kuti Lermontov atore chikamu muhondo. Hondo muCaucasus mumakore iwayo yakasimbiswa nekumuka kwevanokunda.

Mukurwisana, munyori wenhetembo akazviparadzanisa semurwi akashinga uye anotsvaga ropa. Akanga asingatyi kuurayiwa, saka aigona kukwira ari oga pedyo nenzvimbo dzaive nevavengi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vaiti vezvikomo vairemekedza murondedzeri wekusatya. Zvakakodzera kuti tifunge kuti yaiva muCaucasus iyo maonero aLermontov kuhondo yakaumbwa.

Munyori wenhema akatora kubva paudiki. Kazhinji mumifananidzo akaratidza Caucasus, nzvimbo dzake dzakanaka, hondo dzaakabatanidzwa. Tinovonga mifananidzo iyi, tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezviitiko zvehondo zvinowanikwa naLermontov. Munyori wenheyo akakundwa nekunaka kwemakomo akakwirira, tsika uye tsika dzevanhu vemo. Zvingangodaro, dzinobva pano uye dzinotangira mabhuku akaisvonaka Lermontov.

Valerik

Munguva yekuendeswa kuCaucasus, musoro wehondo mumabasa aLermontov wakanga wazara nemabasa matsva. Mumwe wavo waiva nhetembo "Valerik". Kubatanidzwa muhondo dzehondo, Lermontov akatungamirira magazini, iyo yakaumba hwaro hweValerik. Nhetembo iyi inonzi zita remvura inoyerera muCaucasus. Kuenzanisa "Valerik" nemitsanangudzo kubva mumagazini, unogona kuona kuti haatauri chete nehumwe chokwadi, asi nehuwandu hwekunyora, uye kunyange mitsara yakazara.

Kutanga kwendima ndeye shoko rorudo rinotaurirwa Varvara Lopukhina, manzwiro ayo munyori wenheyo akatakura mumakore mazhinji. Zvisinei, kurwisana nemamiriro ekuurayiwa kweropa, rudo runoratidzika kuva iye mwana. Uyezve, anonzwisisa kuti mudiwa haadi iye, uye pakupedzisira iye akagadzirira kutaura zvakanaka kwaari. Kutsanangurwa kwehondo kunokosha kuti mudetembi aratidze uipi hwose, utsinye hwehondo, kusakosha kwayo.

Mhedziso

Musoro wehondo mubasa raLermontov iguru tsvuku kuburikidza nemabasa ake ose. Hondo yePatriotic ya1812 , Decembrist kupandukira, Hondo yeCaucasian - nguva yakaoma yakawira pamakore 27 ayo Lermontov akararama. Ndima dzehondo dzakabuda kubva pasi pepeni rake zvinoshamisa "zvakakurumbira", kuda nyika uye kupindira. Murondedzeri uyu akatiratidza simba, ushingi, ushingi, simba revanhu veRussia, zvose izvo zvisizvo zvakanga zvisingasviki kwaari.