Natural ezvinhu uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo Norilsk maindasitiri nomusimboti

Norilsk maindasitiri chikwata iri Taimyr Peninsula iri kuchamhembe Krasnoyarsk Territory, mumwe munyika kupfuura kunzwisisa okuwana mugodhi uye simbi. Pasinei riri kumusoro kweArctic Circle, uye okunze kunonyanyisa chaizvo, mumaguta kuti vanoshumira emakambani, musha kusvika 200,000 vanhu.

History of budiriro

The zvisaririra yokutanga esimbi kuchera pedyo Norilsk maindasitiri nzvimbo yakatanga kusvika Bronze Age - kumativi mudziva Pyasino akawana mbishi zvinhu uye zvinokosha maturusi ayo simbi. In XVI-XVII emakore guta rakanga kure pano Mangazeya, vagari vanokudziridza deposits mhangura. Asi kuvhara of Northern Sea Route akatungamirira kuti aurayiwe.

Muna 20-ies ose XX remakore, yakakurumbira aiongorora Nikolay Nikolaevich Urvantsev ichiitwa dzakatevedzana nzendo, uye akasimbisa nezvokuvapo guru matura chicherwa zvinhu munharaunda. Yakavakwa muna 1921 koteji ndiyo imba Norilsk yokutanga uye akachengetedzwa ari miziyamu.

Tichifunga kuwanikwa guru matura zviwanikwa, muna 1935 kwakasarudzwa kutanga kukura kwavo. Norillag nayo sangano, iyo vasungwa simbi huru raingova simba. vasungwa Gulag akavaka mafekitari, tunnels, kwezvivako uye dzimba. Nechekare ne 1941 ari permafrost vakavaka dzendege, njanji, 4 mafekitari, zvimbambaira uye ndokuchera 6 yamabwe akawanda. Correctional musasa yakavharwa muna 1956, uye pakuzadzisa ari Norilsk Industrial District (CPD) akaramba pasina kushandisa mujeri basa.

dzinongoitika ezvinhu

Natural ezvinhu ose Norilsk maindasitiri nzvimbo iri rinorema kwazvo zvachose dzokugara. Munharaunda iyi, mumwe kunyunguduka ezvinhu ne chando chando uye kutonhora rinovapo inenge 9 months, uye chirimo mapfupi. Avhareji July tembiricha iri pazasi madhigirii 15. Panyaya iyi, chando mumwedzi muzhizha, vanhu veko vari hakushamisi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ivhu kumbobvira awana noushamwari uye permafrost zvinoisa chakakomba mucherechedzo mabikirwo kuvakwa zvivako.

Uyewo, zviri huru nzvimbo yakapoteredza Norilsk maindasitiri nomusimboti anenge asina miti, Zvisinei, kana boka chete wakatanga kuvaka, paiva gobvu taiga masango. Zvino vakachengetedzwa chete vashoma nemiti. Izvi anonyanya nokuda mhepo yakasimba vakasvibiswa. Mumaguta mumakore achangopfuura pose nemiti simbi, vane mashizha panzvimbo - LEDs.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Norilsk maindasitiri chikwata ane mumwe dzinongoitika chepfungwa - the polar mazuva nousiku. Kubva May 19 kusvikira July 25 zuva haripi, uye mambakwedza muchando chete kwemaawa 2-3. Kudikanwa kuramba kushandisa chakagadzirwa chiedza kwete chete kunowedzera simba rakawanda, asi anoisa vomanikidza epfungwa vanhu. Kuti aripire zvakakanganisika ichi, uye kushaya greenery mumaguta, dzimba Norilsk kupendwa namavara dzinopenya.

Mikuru zvicherwa NDP

Munzvimbo Norilsk kusvina hombe rakawanda zvinhu zvakadai mhangura, nickel, cobalt, Platinum, ndarama, sirivha, palladium, iridium, rhodium uye nevamwe. Mukuita yokuzvinatsa uye kubudiswa ores uyewo dzoga: sarufa sulfuric acid, selenium uye tellurium. Uyezve, ano dzakabudirira, kwete zvose zviwanikwa anowanikwa Norilsk maindasitiri nzvimbo, uye Vanodzidza ongororo.

Pasinei nokuti vanhu maguta NDP kunoramba kudzikira, mabhizimisi kuramba vachikura uye kufarira chicherwa zvinhu zviri Taimyr Peninsula kubva mamiriro haisi ipfupi.

Specialization nharaunda

Kudeuka guta riri Norilsk. Ndicho kukura munharaunda rakatanga pakurigadzira. Zviri musha zvishoma vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 100. The guta adjoins ari Copper chirimwa, marasha kugeza chirimwa, 3 makiromita kure ndezvangu. Muna 2005, vamwe nemisha vose kunyimwa kwavo chinzvimbo uye akapinda Borough kuti Norilsk sezvo nharaunda yayo.

Chechipiri pakukura nharaunda iri chikamu Norilsk maindasitiri nomusimboti - Talnakh, ndiko 25 km kubva pakati. vagari vemo - vanenge 50 zviuru vanhu. Construction akatanga pano muna 1960 pashure kuwanikwa guru deposits dzemhangura-nickel mhangura. kukura kwayo kuchiri kuenderera.

Yetatu ndiyo Kayerkan rine vanhu vanenge 25 zviuru, iro kuda Norilsk. Village akavaka pedo mumigodhi, rakanga raitwa marasha mugodhi. Zvisinei, kare muzana 70s remakore yokupedzisira zvebhizimisi NDP kushandisa mafuta emotokari, uye uwandu zvinhu dzokubudisa kwakaderedza zvikuru. Area yakanga isina kukonzerwa kuwanikwa vashoma makiromita kure kubva Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant.

Uyewo muruwa guta inosanganisira musha Snezhnogorsk, iyo inoshanda vagari Ust-Hantayskom HPP uye Oganer apo muchipatara pamwe 1000 mibhedha.

matambudziko nharaunda yacho

An zvakavaomera nzvimbo yomugariro wacho Norilsk maindasitiri ungano kunokonzera matambudziko akawanda, mukuru pakati pavo - Accessibility. Nzvimbo haana nyika kutaurirana nevamwe maguta, kunze hombe gungwa pachiteshi Dudinka, yaiva 90 makiromita. Zvakanga pano unomhanya huru mvura chokufambisa tsinga - rwizi Yenisei, kuburikidza icho unorema nhumbi chinozova dzimwe nharaunda. Huru mutakurwi motokari chokufambisa ndege kubhururuka kubva yendege "Alykel". Vachikukumikidzai nhumbi kana rwendo ari Yenisei akavharwa.

Chimwe chinetso chakakomba of Norilsk maindasitiri nzvimbo - refu azvipire kusvibiswa. Sepombi pagore zvinomera emit zvizhinji kwazvo nesarufa dioxide, phenols, weheavy metal nezvimedu mumhepo. The chikero yakakura kwazvo zvokuti Norilsk kwemakore akawanda akanyorwa pakati kupfuura yakasvibiswa maguta munyika, uye kambani mari muripo kuCanada kuti mhepo chepfu mundima yayo.