Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza - chii ichi? Uzivi chiNazi vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza

Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza sezvo uzivi dzakatangira mukupera kare, vakapinda Ages uzivi, muuzivi ari Renaissance uye kukanganiswa pfungwa ouzivi zvose emakore tevera.

Uzivi wekare Neoplatonism

Kana isu zvaizobatsira vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza pfupi, ndicho kumutsidzirwa pfungwa Plato mumazuva Roman kuderera (3 -. 6 CC). Mugore chiNazi vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza pfungwa Plato vakanga tinoshandurirwa dzidziso emanations (mwaranzi pashure) zvokunyama nyika Smart noMweya, ndinotenda kutanga zvose.

Kana kupa dudziro nani, vekare Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza - iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo ndero uzivi, yakabuda sezvo eclectic dzidziso Plotinus naAristotle, asi nevaStoiki uye nedzidziso Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, zvitendwa Eastern, uye vaKristu vepakutanga.

Kana isu titaure pamusoro pepfungwa huru dzidziso iyi, ivo Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza - ruzivo urwu rakavanzika Supreme Being, ndiko zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja kubva kumusoro kusvikira rezasi hunhu nyaya. Pakupedzisira, Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza - ndiko kusunungurwa murume achishandisa kufadzwa kubva chakaomera zvinhu zvenyika yechokwadi upenyu hwomudzimu.

Vateveri akakurumbira kwazvo chiNazi Platonic uzivi, nhoroondo anoti Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus uye Iamblichus.

Madhamu sezvo muvambi Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza

Nyika yokumusha Dam - rweRoma muIjipiti. Akadzidziswa nevazivi akawanda, hombe basa rayo inotungamirwa aitamba Ammonium Saccas, uyo akanga adzidza kwemakore gumi nerimwe.

MuRoma, Plotinus pachake akava muvambi wechikoro, raakanga akatungamirira kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Dam - munyori 54 mabasa. A kufurira ake maonero aiva Plato, asi zvakanga pasi nezvinhu uye nedzimwe vazivi, Greek uye Roman, pakati pavo Seneca uye Aristotle.

Mai enyika ino

Maererano nedzidziso Plotinus, nyika inovakwa mune zvacho:

• One (Good).
• Universal Mind.
• World-Soul.
• Nyaya.

Vanozvitutumadza nyika chete, haana kutenda kuti zvose mune zvose nzvimbo dzayo zvakangofanana pamwero zvakaenzana. Anoshamisa World Soul hunopfuura ndakafanana nyaya, Universal Mind ndiye mukuru kune mweya nyika, uye panguva soro pamwero changamire aikosha One (zvakanaka), rinova kunokonzera runako. The chaizvo chete zvinobatsira sezvo Plotinus aidavira pamusoro zvose zviri akanaka, kuti iye akateura nayo, kupfuura zvikomo zvose, uye unosanganisira yose nyika ndeyangu Mweya akangwara.

Single (chikomborero) - sangano kuti ari pose pose, asi kunoratidzwa muna Mind, Mweya uye Basa. Mumwe, sezvo nemhedziso zvakanaka, ennobling izvi zvinhu. Kushaya rimwe nzira hapana chakanaka.

Kuzvipira kuna zvakaipa kwevanhu kunokonzerwa sei kumusoro aigona kukwira pamatanho inoenda Iye (the Good). Nzira rakapihwa repamutemo ndiyo chete kuburikidza usingaonekwi Fusion nacho.

Somunhu chete Mhedziso Good

In maonero Dam pamusoro hurongwa nyika dzaitongwa pfungwa kubatana. Single chirefu pamusoro zhinji, kunyanya pachinhu zhinji uye haungambofari vazhinji. Unogona kuswedera kufanana kuzviisa pasi dhamu iri kuti nyika uye hurongwa zvemagariro hweRoma.

Kure zhinji anogamuchira mamiriro woUya. Izvi kure kubva akangwara, pakunamata uye zvinhu nyika, pane chikonzero kumuziva. Kana hwaPlato "mumwe - zvakawanda," anodaro zvose chinjikira, hunyambiri Plotinus munguva ukama mumwe uye vazhinji (muduku zvinhu). Single kupfuura zvose, uye saka dzisingambosvikiki mukunzwikwa akaderera Mind, Mweya uye Basa.

Dzinofanira Kubatana kusavapo imomo kuzvipokanidza, rinosiyanisa inodiwa kufamba uye kubudirira. Kubatana anobvisa nyaya-chinhu ukama, kuzvicheka-ruzivo, chido, nguva. Munhu anoziva pacharo pasina zivo, Iye ari mumamiriro mufaro kwakakwana uye norugare, uye haana kana kuti kuedza. Single haasi akarondedzera muchikwata nguva, nokuti husingaperi.

Plotinus samashanga Common Good uye Light. The chaizvo pakusikwa kwenyika Iye Plotinus akataura dzangaradzimu (rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin - kuyerera, kuyerera). In iyi, kudururwa yokusika, hazvina kurasikirwa kuvimbika, kwete kupera.

Logos

Reason - chinhu chokutanga kuti vakasikwa Iye. Nokuti Mind kunoratidzwa multiplicity, ndiko kuti, zviri pfungwa dzakawanda. Pfungwa iri hunyambiri: zviri zviviri vakaita kune mumwe, uye kunoita pazviri. Uderedze Iye ari mumamiriro kubatana, pamwe kure - iri multiplicity wehurumende. Cognition yaingowanikwa pfungwa, zvinogona kana chinhu (zvainanga chinhu) uye subjectivity (self rinotungamirirwa). pfungwa Izvi zvakare rakasiyana nomumwe. Zvisinei, iye anogara nokusingaperi, uye pane anoziva pachake. Kufanana ichi chete One Mind.

The pfungwa anodudzira pfungwa dzako nokusika navo sync. Kubva zvikuru chaihwoihwo pfungwa (hwakanaka, runyararo kufamba), inoenda kune vamwe pfungwa dzose. The gangaidzo yezvakaita Mind at mai ndechokuti rine pachako pfungwa zvose husingaoneki uye kongiri. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa murume ave pfungwa uye pfungwa zvimwe munhu.

mweya nyika

Single anodurura chiedza chake pamusoro mupfungwa, uye chiedza haisi yokuita chose nokuda Mind. Achipfuura Pfungwa, Anodurura anobudisa anosika Mweya. Its pakarepo kwakatangira mweya unofanira Funga. Single anotora pakusika kwake kunanga Kupinda.

Iri nechepazasi sandara, pane mweya nokusingaperi, ndiro - mhosva nguva. Sezvo pfungwa, zviri paviri ine kuzvipira kufunga uye kutsauka kubva kwaari. Ichi chinhu chikuru kupokana mu mweya conditionally huviri Soul - kumusoro uye pasi. High akaswedera Soul kuti Afunge uye kwete neVadzidzi nyika zvakakomba nyaya, sezvo anodzivisa Low Soul. Zvayaiva pakati nyika mbiri (suprasensual uye zvinhu), Mweya Saka richibatanidza navo.

Properties of Soul - incorporeity uye indivisibility. World Soul rinokwana mumwe mweya zvose, hapana risingagoni kuvapo kunze vamwe. Plotinus akapikisa kuti mweya chimwe ariko pamberi chokuita nomuviri.

nyaya

Rinogumisa pose vakuru pakati Basa. Chiedza rinoteurirwa Single successively inopfuura kubva imwe fuma kune mumwe.

Maererano nedzidziso Plotinus, nyaya inogara nokusingaperi sezvo husingaperi uye rakabatana. Zvisinei, nyaya ndiyo fuma yokusika, isina kuzvidzora kutanga. The dzinopikisana kunoita nyaya ndechokuti anosika munhu chete uye anosangana naye. Basa - ndiko rinooma chiedza, kuchikumbaridzo rima. Panguva kwezana rinooma chiedza uye kuuya rima munogara mai. Kana Plotinus akataura pose pose woUya, zvino, pachena, zvinofanira kuva muna Basa. Zvinopesana Mother Chiedza kunoratidzwa sezvo zvakaipa. Kuti Kwatanzi musi madhamu, exudes zvakaipa. Asi sezvo chete zvaanoda fuma, zvino hazvisi chete zvakaipa zvakanaka (Zvakanaka One). Zvakaipa Kwatanzi - chete migumisiro kushayikwa zvakanaka, nokuda kwokushayiwa chiedza One.

Basa zvinoodza kuchinja, asi achirapwa shanduko, inoramba kuzochinja, hazvina kuderera uye haisi kuuya.

Anoda Munhu

Plotinus aidavira kuti anoburukira noMunhu zhinji anorashisa neizvi muitiro, kureva, vakawanda kuvimbisa kuti kukwira kubatana akakwana, vachiedza kukunda nyonganyonga kwavo uye kuti kuonana Iye (akanaka), nekuti kudiwa zvakanaka anozivikanwa zvachose vose, kusanganisira varombo unhu nyaya.

Nemaune chebasa kune Mumwe (akanaka) vanhu vakasiyana. Kunyange chisikigo chinhu low-nhema, kwete kurota pamusoro chero unokwira, dai rimwe zuva Muka, sezvo mweya womunhu uri vasingasiyani kubva Universal Soul, chokuita World Mind ayo kutobaya chimedu. Kunyange kana mamiriro mupfungwa munhuwo zvake ndechokuti zvikuru rakakwirira chikamu chacho yakaderera-nhema chikamu vanonetseka, chikonzero anogona kubudirira pamusoro nyama uye makaro nezvido, izvo zvichaita kuti yevatadzi murume kumukazve.

Zvisinei, pamukwidzwa chaiyo Mumwe Plotinus vaiona mumamiriro kufadzwa umo mweya sezvo mumuviri uye merges pamwe One. nzira iyi haisi pfungwa, uye rakavanzika kunobva ruzivo. Uye chete ichi yepamusoro ezvinhu Dam, mumwe anogona kumuka kune One.

Vateveri dzidziso Plotinus

Mudzidzi Plotinus Porphyry, nokuda kuda tenzi wake, akarayira uye akabudisa zvinyorwa ake. Akasvika pakuzivikanwa zvoruzivo mutsinhiri inoshanda Dam.

Proclus mune zvaakanyora akatanga pfungwa chiNazi vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza vazivi yapfuura. Iye akaisa zvikuru kuti rakafuridzirwa naMwari, tichifunga ruzivo kwayo kumusoro. Love, uchenjeri, kutenda, iye chokuita nokuratidzwa mwari. A mupiro zvikuru kutanga uzivi, akaita dialectic kwake Cosmos.

Effect Proklos akataura muna Ages uzivi. Zvichireva Proklos nouzivi akasimbisa AF Losev, achibhandara mutero ayo fineness musoro kuongorora.

Syrian Iamblichus akadzidzisa Porphyry uye akavamba Neoplatonic chikoro reSiriya. Kufanana nevamwe Platonists, chose kuedza kwake mungano dzekare. To chikwereti chake Kuongororwa uye systematization pamusoro dialectic of Mythology, uyewo systematize pakudzidza Plato. Panguva iyoyo pfungwa dzake akanga nezvezvakanaka inoshanda rutivi uzivi, chokuita yezvechitendero, usingaonekwi tsika yokutaurirana nemidzimu.

Kufurirwa chiNazi Platonic pfungwa kwouzivi pamusoro nekutambira nguva

Chinhu chekare nguva kare, varasikirwa kushanda uye chinzvimbo zviremera yechihedheni uzivi yekare. Neoplatonism hazvirevi kunyangarika, zviri mubereko Christian vanyori. (St. Augustine Aeropagite, Erigena, et unto.), It chinopinda munzvimbo dzechiArab uzivi Avicenna, zvaanoita pamwe wechiHindu mumwechete.

Muzana 4th remakore. chiNazi Platonic pfungwa zvinonzi nevakawanda neakangwara mu Byzantine uzivi uye vaedzwa zvechiKristu (Vasiliy Veliky, Grigoriy Nissky). Mukupera Middle Ages (14-15 CC.) Neoplatonism anova kwaibva German mystique (Meister Eckhart, Suso G. and said.).

Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza of Renaissance anopfuurira kushumira kukura uzivi. It rinosanganisa pfungwa yapfuura eras vari kunzwisisa, kufunga kuti aesthetics, kunaka kwemuviri yekare Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza uye ruzivo mune zvokunamata kwevanhu munhu ari Ages chiNazi vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Dzidziso neoplatonism chinobata vazivi akadai N. wokuCusa, T. Campanella, J. Bruno, et al for.

Vakakurumbira dzinomiririra idealism German, rechi18 - mangwanani 19th emakore. (FV Schelling, Hegel) haana vakapukunyuka kufurirwa chiNazi Platonic pfungwa. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa Vazivi Russian rechi19 - mangwanani kwerechi20. VS Solovyov, SL Franke, S. Bulgakov, uye vamwe. The kungoda Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza anogona kuwanikwa uzivi ano.

Zvichireva neoplatonism nhoroondo uzivi

Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza - Izvi zvinopfuura uzivi, sezvo uzivi ndiyo ndaisagona maonero. The chinhu dzidziso Neoplatonism riri otherworldly, supramental akakwana, nzira iyo zvinogoneka chete kufarisisa.

Neoplatonism zvoruzivo - ndiyo porusvingo muuzivi kare uye hwokuwa dzidziso. Single dhamu heralds chitendero mumwechete uye zvechihedheni kwezuva.

Neoplatonism zvoruzivo - chaizvo kukanganisa pamusoro pokumuka kwouzivi uye zvouMwari pfungwa kuMiddle Ages. dzidziso dhamu kuedza zvakakwana negadziriro pfungwa dzidziso dzake pashure rethinking akawana nzvimbo yavo kumadokero uye kumabvazuva Christian dzidziso. Zvakawanda pamusoro chiNazi Platonic uzivi vaidiwa vechiKristu vanodzidza kubata nechinetso systematization ane dzidziso akaoma chiKristu. Saka yakaumbwa uzivi yechiKristu inonzi patristic.