Maieutics - nayo ... maieutics zvoruzivo

Muzivi huru Socrates tega rakasiyana nzira yokukurukurirana inonzi maieutics. Izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo nzira, iyo inoshandiswa nguva yedu. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye anenge chete nzira kugombedzera nemuvengi wake namanhede. Panyaya iyi, iyo interlocutor inogona akanyepera andibudire nemashoko ake. Chii ndiwo uye yokusiyana nzira iyi? Ngatiedzei kuchiona.

Socrates uye upenyu hwake

On upenyu Socrates Hapana zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa Zvisinei, mashoko rakatidzidzisa yakasvika kuburikidza emakore, unofadza zvikuru.

Socrates - vaAtene muzivi, akaberekwa muna 469 BC. e. It mufananidzo wake akacherekedza Yaunoti dzoro zvoruzivo - kubva pokukurukura yezvakaita munhu nezvazvo.

Maererano upenyu uye kutapwa muzivi, vamwe vafundisi patristic nguva akavhomora ringanidzo pakati Socrates naJesu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga aiva mwanakomana nomuvezi. Vakura, akaroora Xanthippe - nyenaira chaizvo mukadzi, ane zita akatopa kuva zita mhuri.

"Ini chete kuziva kuti ndinoziva chinhu, asi vamwe havazivi izvozvo." Zvichida vose anzwa mutsara uyu, iyo, sezvo vaongorori vanodavira, ndohwavo Socrates. Maererano nenheyo iyi akararama.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muzivi haana kusiya mumwe chete mutsetse. pfungwa dzake uye zvinotendwa vanhu vanozivikanwa chete kubva muzvinyorwa vadzidzi vake - Xenophon uye Plato. Socrates akanga nechokwadi kunyora pasi pfungwa dzake kuti simba ndangariro dzevanhu. By chokwadi vadzidzi vake anofunga iye akataura achishandisa nounyanzvi kuti dzichienderana nhaurirano. Maiva muna kukurukura uye nhaurirano yaakasika nzira yake, zvino anozivikanwa pasi zita maieutics. Izvi zvinogona kunzi mupiro guru pfungwa youzivi.

Paitongwa Socrates uye rufu muzivi

Muna 399 BC, guru somuzivi akapomerwa kumhura uye vanokanganisa kuchizvarwa chevechiduku. On muchikepe kosi Socrates tinodzidza kubva mabasa Plato uye Xenophon. Muzivi akaramba kubhadhara faindi, uyewo pfungwa shamwari nyerusa naye kubva mutorongo.

Socrates Chaizvoizvo mhosva? Maererano ano dzekare, of Cambridge University, akanga. Panguva iyoyo, zvinoitwa eccentric ainzi aigona here semhosva zvisiri pamutemo.

Somugumisiro, mashoko anofunga akatongerwa rufu, uye akatora muchetura pachake. Muitiro rufu Socrates rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama chete Plato. Chii chaizvo zvakanzi muchetura somuzivi USINGAZIKAMWI. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, rakanga pfumbu hemlock.

Socrates Zvechokwadi kuva nedambudziko uchenjeri hwake. Zvisinei, pfungwa dzake vari kurarama nhasi, kusanganisira mupenyu uye rakasiyana nzira maieutics. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa muudzame chii, chii vari zvachiri.

YaSocrates yokudzidzisa

Maieutics - ndiye "unyanzvi nyamukuta," sezvo akaritumidza Socrates pachake. Unogona achiri kuwanikwa tsanangudzo kudaro so "yaSocrates ndyaringo" kana "yaSocrates kukurukura."

Maieutics zvoruzivo - chokwadi, nzira pave nheyo "Ziva iwe." With chidobi ichi mudzivisi anoziva ake zvakaipa kwete chete, iyewo anova mukwikwidzi zivo yechokwadi. "Hapana chinhu chakasimba kupfuura ruzivo" - saka akati Socrates ...

MuchiGiriki, maieutics - a "nyamukuta unyanzvi." Musimboti nzira iyi iri yokuti nokuzvisarudzira zvepabonde zvikuru-akagadzirirwa mibvunzo kuunza interlocutor kunzwisisa zvechokwadi hunowanika. Saka, mudzivisi anouya chokwadi, uye iwe chete chinyararire akasundudzira naye nayo.

Maieutics Socrates - iri pakutanga kukwanisa kubvunza mibvunzo kuverenga nhaurirano. Muzivi aiva nechokwadi kuti zivo yechokwadi inogona kuuya chete kuburikidza kuzvidzora zivo mumwe munhu. Uye ichi zvinoda kucheneswa nzira rinoitwa nokubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro musimboti ichi kana kuti chinonakidza.

Maieutics Socrates - chombo iri ungwaru gakava

Muzivi huru pachako muitiro kuti haana kurasa kushanda kwayo nhasi. Hapana angaramba kuti nhaurirano, kukurukurirana, gakava rinovaka zvinokosha mudziyo chokuwana zivo itsva uye kunzwisisa kwavo pamwero kusaita zvinhu nomazvo.

Kazhinji, Socrates muupenyu hwake uye chete ipapo akaita zvaakanga kubvunza mibvunzo. Akafarira kutaura vanozvikudza murume, chengetai sei, kungodzungaira mibvunzo yake runonyengera pakarepo vaizorasikirwa zvose nokuzvikudza kwake uye chivimbo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhaurirano iri "mubvunzo-mhinduro" akanga achishingaira kushandiswa, uye zvimwe vazivi, zvikurukuru - the vaSophist. Zvisinei, vane nharo yakadaro aingova mugumo pachayo. Asi Socrates haana aidaro verbiage, aitenda kuti chero nhaurirano inofanira kutungamirira chinangwa chaicho. In kukurukurirana ake iye pachake akaedza kutsvaka mhinduro chinokosha mibvunzo chokuvapo: "Chii chakanaka Of zvakaipa?", "Chii kururamisira?" uye m. p.

Mienzaniso maieutics Socrates

Socrates aiva pusa kwazvo, chibhende uye ngozi shamwari. Kazhinji paaitaura iye nokunyepedzera kuve mano simpleton, kuchitsausa nemuvengi wake anonyengera network.

Vakapona zvinyorwa kukurukura nevamwe somuzivi Menon. Chokutanga chechipiri, Socrates akabvunza pamusoro nzira mabasa ayo. Kwete suspecting chero nzira, hunhu hwakanaka Menon anotanga kudzidzisa muzivi. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, somugumisiro pamusoro mibvunzo zvakarurama, tsime akarasikirwa zvachose. Socrates, zvinozoita anoramba vanoseka kunyengedzwa chepaseka.

Kana anokumhan'arira anorasikirwa kwayo nechivimbo, akanga agadzirira Joint kutsvaka chokwadi. Kubvunza mumwe, Socrates pachake akaongorora nyaya kukurukurirana, nokuti haana kuzviona ruzivo. Ndokusaka akatumidza ake nounyanzvi "Vananyamukuta", nokuti nhaurirano yakadaro uye chokwadi anoberekwa.

pfupi mhedziso

Saka, maieutics zvoruzivo - unyanzvi kubvunza mibvunzo. Socrates aiva nechokwadi chokuti "uzivewo - zvinoreva kuziva chii." Ndiko kuti akanaka, unofanira kunzwisisa zvakajeka chiri kururamisira, uye kukwanisa kupa ive yakakwana tsananguro. Saka, Socrates aiva wokutanga kumutsirwa padanho ruzivo pfungwa.

Nyaya pamberi pedu maieutics nzira asina kurasa kushanda kwayo kunyange pashure anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore pashure kuvamba ake. Uye nhasi unogona kusangana mhizha uyo zvinobudirira kushandisa unyanzvi iri tsika.