Neurula - munhu kunenge mudumbu kukura

Mumwe nguva munhu kukura zvipenyu - ontogenesis ndiyo embryogenesis. Chinosanganisira nguva kubva pakutanga paumbwe zygote risati pakuzvarwa Muviri chinosanganisira anoverengeka successively kupfuura maitikiro. Mumwe wavo neurula. Ndiyo nguva kukura vertebrates, iyo inosvitsa paumbwe embryo, ndine vatatu utachiona akaturikidzana, uyewo Neural chubhu. Uyezve, kwevhiki dzinoverengeka embryo vari aumba huru STRUCTURAL zvinhu zvose zviri nechepakati uye peripheral tsinga. Munyaya ino tichakurukura zvinhu zvose pachikuva uye vasiri pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi.

Zvokukura embryo budiriro

Full uye yunifomu kupwanya zygote placental mhuka, iyo inosanganisira vanhu, inotungamirira kune chivakwa kuti anotarisa akafanana bheri mulberry kana razibheri. Inonzi Mórula. Ipapo masero ayo akarongwa rimwe layer uye kuumbwa blastula. bhegi iri mugomba, masvingo ayo vakaumba blastomeres-masero. Next, inofanira invagination, zvichiguma nechitarisiko miviri paiva embryo. Iri ndiro danho gastrula. Inoitwa ectoderm uye endoderm, uye ane muromo chikuru, yainzi muromo wacho blastopore. Naizvozvo micheto vari yakavharwa, uye mudumbu ane chimiro miviri rukoko pahombodo. Tevera yematambudziko ari mudumbu mamiriro chokuita nechitarisiko mumwe, wechitatu, ari germinal rukoko - mesoderm avete pakati ecto- uye endoderm. dzidzo yake embryogenesis yevanhu pachavo chaizvo ayo. Tichadzidza zvizere.

nezvekugadzirwa mesenchyme

Muviri Human wayo mhango siyana with lateral pezvakaitwa - somites kana muhomwe. Ivo zvinobviswa chinyakare dumbu rusvingo. Kubva kusimukira mesoderm uye somites rinoshanda somureza pamusoro organogenesis. Akaumba hurongwa anokosha zvivako: notochord, ura Neural chubhu. Dzinonzi axial nhengo. Utachiona kubva complicating nechivako kwayo, vanoumba Danho idzva - neurula. It paruchaitika 3 - 4 vhiki pamuviri. The mashandiro pamusoro inotungamirwa vakati yepamusoro mudumbu rwakazara inokurukurwa mberi.

Sezvo embryo rinowanika Neural chubhu

Rokunze jira germinal - ectoderm, uri dorsal parutivi mudumbu hunowedzera gobvu uye mikobvu, uye ari mudzoke kunyika Neural ndiro. Its micheto vanomutswa, zvichiumba rollers maviri. Pakati pavo pane kuburikidza mugero, vakabva ndura kuti mhango uropi uye musana akazadzwa nezvinobata. Neural ndiro rwunopera micheto ayo, rokutanga remuromo munharaunda embryo, embryo uye ipapo shure pamwe muviri akabatana. Rinoguma nemashoko kuvhara zviri Neural bwendefa ari cranial chikamu umo kukura uropi vesicles - kutanga wouropi. By 4 vhiki pamuviri, asi Neural chubhu iri zvakaparadzaniswa zvachose kubva ectoderm. Nekuti Neural chubhu vakaumba masero etsinga uye trophic zvinyama - kunoitika neurula uye neuroglia. Ndiwo padariro embryo kukura, chine matatu utachiona akaturikidzana uye Neural chubhu. Sei pazviri akaumba huta womunhu hurongwa?

Basa Neural penyika inotungamirwa munyika tsinga

Pakarepo shure kubatana rollers uye pakuonekwa Neural chubhu iri migove nechepakati uye cutaneous ectoderm kuparadzanisa boka masero. It riri pamwe akabatana embryo muviri pakati rokunze rukoko uye embryonic Neural chubhu unonzi Neural penyika. Its cellular zvinhu vane akasiyana chinhu. Izvi - kukwanisa kutamira dzakasiyana zvikamu embryo kwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, vamwe embryo masero kutamira zvakadzama kupinda mumuviri uye chimiro neurocytes uye neuroglia ganglia kuti tsitsi uye parasympathetic Mapoka peripheral chikamu tsinga. Mamwe masero arambe ari Neural penyika, pakutanga wezvamatongerwe ganglion mahwendefa, vari ipapo tinoshandurirwa nodes 31 yegwara musana tsinga. In izvi neurulation haana kugumira uye pane kumwe kuvandudzika pakati zvikamu nechepakati uye peripheral tsinga.

The kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwakaita sechivako embryo panguva pachikuva neurula

Dzichitama Neural penyika masero, kubvira zvenguva mugove pedyo sacral tambo zvikamu pa 27 - 28 somites, anokwanisa kusiyanisa, kuti ndizvo chaizvo kufanana polustvolovym masero mwongo. Kutanga kubva chinotevera chikamu diencephalon kusvika sacral kadhi mudumbu pa 27 - 28 somite mbiri, paumbwe neurocytes vakura uye masero glial pamusoro cranial tsinga uye ganglia pamusoro auditory uye vestibular midziyo. Panguva iyi embryo chiitiko zvinobva 1 kusvika 7 somite nomukaka penyika atange paumbwe autonomic ganglia innervating mwoyo, mapapu, ura nhengo embryo chiuno. Pedzisa kuibvisa pakati tsinga iri kusvika vhiki 40 pamuviri.

Zvikonzero yokutama Neural penyika masero

Pachishandiswa apa yakakurukura dzinotsanagura tsinga, ndezvomuzvarirwo mubvunzo unomuka: sei kutsanangura chikonzero anozunungusa Neural penyika masero pamusoro refu mumuviri azvarwa? Modern embryology anotsanangura navo sezvinotevera. Chekutanga, neurula - munhu kunenge embryogenesis izvo Neural penyika masero vanorasikirwa kugona kwavo kuomerera, kureva kutaura mumwe ... Chikonzero chechipiri iri makemikari anoumba extracellular chizvaro pakati embryo. It rinoumbwa hyaluronic asidhi uye mapuroteni: collagen, laminin, fibronectin ane tropism nokuda Neural penyika masero.

ukama hwavo extracellular chizvaro uye kutama kunoitika nokuda zvichikurukura mamorekuru - integrins, uyewo kuvapo ari somites neurula chaiwo glycoproteins: tenascin uye T-cadherin. izvi zvose kunovimbisa kukura chikuru zvikamu tsinga embryo.