Nhaka hutachiwana: pfungwa uye kodzero yenhaka

Nhaka hutachiwana - ndiro izwi pamutemo kushandiswa RF mutemo. Kunzwisisa musimboti pfungwa iyi inokosha kwete chete nokuti vanhu vaiita zvesayenzi pamutemo uye tsika, asiwo zvavo vomunyika. Nawo muupenyu hwemazuva ose pamwe nhaka, kusanganisira nenzira yedzimudzangara, uye vose anogona. Naizvozvo isu anoratidza kuti iwe uzive mirayiro iyi kuunganidza pfuma uye kudzidza zvimwe zvayo nuances zvinokosha.

Pfungwa enhaka hutachiwana

In mabhuku pamutemo, nokupfuuridzirwa anoonekwa somunhu chaiye mamiriro hadzisi kuzadzika kodzero kugamuchira nhaka haisi mugari wenhaka, uye kune dzimwe vanhu nokuda kuda kana mutemo. It anova zvinogoneka kuna rufu assignee, kwakaitika pashure nhaka nzira yokutanga. An ezvinhu chinokosha ndechokuti munhu asina nguva kutora zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki zvinhu mukati yakanatsa nguva nomurayiro. Pakadaro, mukana yokuwana pfuma mushakabvu rusununguko hama yake pedyo uye - maererano nomutemo kana kuda, kana zvakaitika. Sechikamu nhaka kupfuudzwa wemufi mugari wenhaka inonzi transmittentom. A itsva kuzviremekedza, riri akapa neropafadzo kugamuchira pfuma, rinonzi transmissarom.

Nhaka Law of Russian Federation, hutachiwana

Mumutemo yeRussia, kuti kukura uye kugamuchirwa zviri chetatu Civil Code nhaka uye private mutemo dzakawanda, shoko rokuti "nhaka hutachiwana" harina formalized. Raishandiswa chete rokutonga tsika uye mabhuku nesayenzi. Zvechokwadi, muna Civil Code of RSFSR pakati 1964 (Art. 548) akaongorora mukana kutapurirana kodzero nhaka zvakananga zviitiko. Pfungwa yacho "Kupfuudzwa" iri kutsivana mutemo Russian Federation rave richirondedzerwa uye akanga pamutemo vakagamuchira muna March 2002, muna chetatu Civil Code.

Musimboti kuti zvokuita pfuma transmittenta anopfuuura kuti transmissaru (panyaya rufu rokutanga) pashure nzira pfuma yokutanga. Nhaka hutachiwana kunoitika apo transmittent ane ropafadzo kupfuma panguva yorufu rwake, kuti haina kunyimwa kodzero iyi mudare, zvinosiyiwa kana anosiya naye pakuda. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti kuti transmissar kukwanisa kuwana mugove nhaka kuti aifanira transmittentu. Kana kwaiva vatsivi akawanda - vachagara nhaka pamwe chete, zvichida zvakaenzana mativi.

Zvakakurukurwa yezwi kodzero nhaka kuti transmissaru

Ngatimboonai zvimwe zviri "enhaka hutachiwana" mashandiro. Of Civil Code (art. 1156, p. 1) rinoti kuti pfuma nhaka ropafadzo chakaonekwa transmissara transmittenta afa, haana kuiswawo sechikamu chenhaka ake. Kureva, kana transmissar achafa, asingakwanisi kushandisa kodzero yavo kutora pfuma, hachigoni kuenda pachake venhaka yake. Pakadaro, kana pane dzimwe transmittenta transmissary, mugove wemufi vachaenda kwavari, uye kana asina - venhaka, vaya vakadanwa kutora kodzero yenhaka vafa akaiita kuti chikuru. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti transmittent anofa pashure pokufa akaiita, asi zvakadaro kusvika panguva ino ane nguva kutora zvakafanira kwaari upfumi. Muchiitiko chino, zviri vanobatanidzwa Zvinoumba vayo pfuma, kodzero iyo achatumirwa mhuri yake zvayo hwaro.

Kuitwa nhaka. Nhaka hutachiwana pakutonga tsika

Kuti tinzwisise nzvimbo n. 1 tbsp. 1156, funga nezvomuenzaniso unotevera. Akaiita akafa, asi akakwanisa kuita kuda, umo akaratidza chido chake kugadza vatsivi vake hafu-mukoma uye mwanakomana. A mwedzi pashure pakuvhurwa mukoma nhaka akafa. By nzira enhaka kwemashoko kodzero vawane zvinhu akapfuura wake, uyo aiva oga mugari wenhaka wokutanga pechikuva. Zvisinei, mukadzi womukoma wake akafa kamwe kamwe asati kushandisa rwake rworudyi. Naizvozvo, mukuru mugove pfuma akaiita, iyo pakutanga akanga ane chikwereti kuna wake, achapiwa kune wechipiri huripo transmittentu - mwanakomana akaiita.

Personal pfuma transmittenta. Zviitiko zvichafambira nehama dzake?

Kana transmittenta rufu hama dzake neshamwari mukana nhaka yake pachake zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki zvikomborero. Izvozvo, chaizvoizvo zvinoitika kuti vatsivi transmittenta akapa mukana mawa kuitwa zvinhu zviviri - mumwe inooneka pashure pokufa akaiita, uye izvo chinoita kuti pakati enhaka hutachiwana. kodzero idzi Vose vari akazvimirira uye anogona chinozoiswa tisingatungamirirwi. Kuwana pachako nhaka transmittenta achaitwa musi Kazhinji hwaro, kureva, kunyange mutemo kana kuda. The mashandiro ari kuunganidza pfuma nenzira enhaka hutachiwana siyanei. Panyaya iyi, kudana vachaitwa chete vatsivi nemurairo, uye vadyi venhaka zvichabviswa kusarudzwa kubva denderedzwa pehama nehama yemufi. Asi pane zvagara kuti mutemo uyu. Kana transmittent nguva yokuswedera uye kusaina kuda umo akaratidza chido chake uchatamisa yayo zvakaparara imwe zvakananga munhu, kuti uyewo dzichadzedzereka, uye kodzero dzokurasa nhaka uchitanga hutachiwana. Kana kanenge chiduku chikamu chinooneka uye chisingaoneki kubatsira haana raanotaura kuda (zvemumba, fenicha, etc.), Access yacho ichaparadzwa Kutamiswa venhaka maererano nomutemo. Kusarudza vanhu kuitwa maererano kukoshesa.

Kuitwa nhaka. Nhaka hutachiwana: denderedzwa venhaka

Of Civil Code rinorondedzera vemo vari pachidanho yedzimudzangara vawane kodzero kuti non-zvokunyama uye pfuma. In Art. 1156 akaratidza kuti zvinobvira kupfuma, pakutanga chikwereti transmittentu, kune pamutemo venhaka yake kana, kana zvose upfumi yakanga zvachose nharo, - mugari wenhaka pasi kuda. In zvachose pane zvikamu zvinomwe. Panyaya iyi, chiso nzendo wechipiri uye hunotevedzana anogona kutora kodzero nhaka chete kana hakuchina pedyo nehama (kana kurambirwa nhaka) kubva yapfuura chijana. Yepamusoro muupenyu kugadzirwa pfuma yakafanira transmittentu vane mudzimai wake kana murume, mai nababa, uyewo vana, kusanganisira asati aberekwa, asi pamuviri muupenyu hwake.

Kuwana tsika, pachidanho kupararira vabereki kunyimwa nevabereki kodzero

Maererano Civil Code, kureva Art. 1156, vabereki vasingatendi kuzadzikisa mabasa avo kurerwa uye kutarisirwa, uye pakudaro kunyimwa kwevabereki kodzero, zvinokwanisika kuti nhaka pfuma mwana wake kuitira kuti hutachiwana. Kuti tinzwisise hunhu dambudziko, funga zvinotevera ezvinhu. Mugari anofa pasina vavesa kuda. baba vake vakanga kunyimwa nevabereki kodzero. Vana akaiita asina, mai vake mudzimai akanga atofa. By nzira nhaka nomurayiro pfuma vanofanira kuwana ake hafu-munin'ina, aiva akaiita yakarondedzerwa kuburikidza baba vake. Kana yomukoma wake afa pashure Panovhurwa kutsivana uye kusavapo nechido, kodzero kutora zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki kubatsira achapinda sezvakarayirwa kupararira transmittenta rake mugari wenhaka wokutanga Danho - baba, asina kunyimwa nevabereki kodzero nekuda wemufi kuti mutsivi. Saka, zvinoita sokuti mubereki vachawana pfuma mwanakomana wake, nekuda yakanga kunyimwa kwevabereki kodzero, uye pakutanga akanga asina kodzero pfuma yake somudyi wenhaka kukodzera. Mukuona pamutemo, nuance ichi unoruramiswa, sezvo chokwadi mubereki zvisakafanira nhaka pfuma iri pashure mwana asina kudzidza uye harina kwete, uye pashure transmissara pamusoro iyo haina kunyimwa nevabereki kodzero.

Chii nguva kudiwa nhaka?

mutemo Russian Anotungidza nguva panguva iyo nzira inofanira kuitwa achitora pfuma. Ndiye mwedzi mitanhatu kubva pamusi rufu akaiita, kureva kubva kwaita kodzero yenhaka. Kana enhaka hutachiwana anovamba chaiyo nguva. Zvinonzi computed kubva zuva apo nhaka mukudenga. Kuri kuti pashure pokufa transmittenta idukusa 3 months, nguva chinoshanda kusvika pokupedzisira (mazuva 90). Nokuti kuitwa chepfuma aiva zvakananga mufi transmittentu, kushandisa nguva kwemwedzi mitanhatu, dzaona kubva musi hwomukova kwayo. venhaka avo akanga kunonoka rokufuma kuitira kuti Kupfuudzwa, kuburikidza matare vanogona vakafunga kuchigamuchira. Uyezve, kana akati dare anobvuma kuti zvinokonzera kukundikana upfumi mukati chaiyo nguva nguva vaiva noruremekedzo chaizvo, upenyu hunogona kudzorerwa.

Kutumira nokugamuchira nefuma kubudikidza kodzero kumiririrwa. Sei zvakasiyana?

Nhaka Kodzero kumiririrwa uye nhaka hutachiwana - vari vaviri vakasiyana zvigadziriswe yezwi pfuma uye midziyo uye chisingaoneki makomborero kubva mushakabvu kusvika vatsivi. Ngationei chaizvo yavo. Nhaka hutachiwana rakasiyana nechitarisiko kodzero yenhaka yomunhu somugumisiro hwomukova nhaka, kuramba kana kuturika dzimwe hama yemufi. Iye ane akasiyana nhaka kodzero kumiririrwa, podnaznacheniem mugari wenhaka uye increment zvikamu wemunda. Chekutanga, nokupfuuridzirwa anotanga kuita chete chiitiko rufu transmittenta, pashure pakuvhurwa chikuru yesangano iri akaiita. Zvino nhaka kodzero kumiririrwa, zvinokwanisika, kana munhu anenge nomutemo kuti naro kuwana pfuma, anofa pamberi pakuvhurwa nhaka (kureva, asati afa akaiita, kana panguva imwe chete naro). Panyaya iyi, upfumi inoenda vamwe vanhu sezvavakanga vagoverwa. Chechipiri, kuvabereki hutachiwana, mukuwedzera pakupa kodzero pfuma wemufi, anochinja nzira yokuita upfumi. Kodzero kumiririrwa, ari kuzviitira ropafadzo zvakananga vanhu, yakatangwa mutemo, haadaro. Mune Implementation kuti mashandiro iri kuchengetwa mureza Dunhu iri kuipa nhaka. Chechitatu, mune hurongwa nokupfuuridzirwa kuchaita chinja kuenda kurudyi transmittenta transmissaru. Kana iwe nhaka nokuda kumiririrwa yokugara pakati mugari wenhaka, vakafa pamberi hwomukova pfuma, uye vana vake nevazukuru ikoko.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutumira mashandiro ari akadzima?

Murayiro inopa kusara akawanda, kana kuti yokugara hazvigoni chinozoiswa:

• panguva imwecheteyo, vose vanofa - uye akaiita uye mugari wenhaka;
• pane kuda umo akaiita mumwe mutsivi;
• transmissar anoita somunhu zvairayirwa mugari wenhaka.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere. Zvinhu zvokutanga hahubvumiri kuchinjwa kodzero yokugamuchira transmissaru tsika sezvo mawa rufu akaiita uye mugari wenhaka haapinduri anokosha hutachiwana nemamiriro rufu transmittenta pashure nhaka kuzarurwa. The ezvinhu wechipiri: kuvapo achida zvakare hakubvisi zvinoita nokupfuuridzirwa mashandiro. Civil Code (Art. 1121, p. 2) kodzero legator sarudza mumwe mugari wenhaka (pane musimboti) kana wokutanga kufa kana asati pakuvhurwa nhaka kana kuramba. An chinokosha ezvinhu nokuti ndizvo zvinodiwa kuda vose pfuma, pane nhengo dzayo. Zvikasadaro, nokupfuuridzirwa achava kuwanikwa, uye uchava kusarudzwa transmissarami munhu kubva mudenderedzwa pamutemo venhaka.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Saka, zvatakurukura munyaya ino kuti ichi nhaka hutachiwana uye kodzero kumiririrwa. Tava zvinorondedzerwa pedenderedzwa venhaka, nguva ichaitika chekuunganidza upfumi uye mashandiro kuti kuchinjwa pachake pfuma transmittenta. Takadzidza kuti nhaka kunoitika nenzira enhaka hutachiwana. Tinovimba ruzivo urwu kuchakubatsira uye kukubatsira kana kudiwa yokutedzemuka pfuma.