Kusarudza mari yepenjeni: gwara-nhanho-mirayiridzo

Vasati vemazuva ano vanhu vari kunetseka nezveramangwana ravo, kureva, hupenyu husina hukama mushure mokunge vasvika kumakore ekusiya basa, panguva ino yekusimudzirwa kwezvepfumi, mubvunzo unomuka: chii chinonzi kuvimbwa kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedza, nekuchengetedza mari yavo? Pashure pezvose, iye zvino zvachose vagari vese vane rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira vakasarudza mari yepensheni, sekutaura, kuvimbisa kwezera rake rakanaka. Sarudza kwete chete pakati pezvematongerwo enyika uye kwete ehurumende, asiwo kana ukasarudza yechipiri sarudzo, sarudza iyo yakanakisisa APF ivo pachavo.

Kuti uite chisarudzo chakanaka chemari yepensheni uye kuti urege kurasikirwa, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvakajeka musiyano pakati pehurumende nehurumende isiri yehurumende. NPF dzakabuda zvishoma munguva pfupi uye dzinopa mamiriro akanaka kwazvo ekuchengetedza uye kuunganidza mari kune vatengi vavo. Zvisinei, vanhu havaiti izvi zvisati zviri zvehurumende masangano ekubhadhara mari nekutenda kwavo.

Tingaita sei chisarudzo chakanaka chemari yepenjeni? Pasi apa, ruzivo rune ruzivo ruchazobudiswa kuitira kuti munhu wese anzwisise kuti sangano ripi rinotungamirirwa riri pedyo uye rinobatsira kwaari.

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mutsauko uye nheyo dzemitemo yebasa, zvose zvehurumende uye zvisizvo mari yepensheni mari.

Zvirongwa zvehurumende yehurumende sangano

Zvinosuruvarisa, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwemazuva ano, munhu haagoni kuva nechokwadi chechinhu chipi nechipi. Vagari vanochengeta mari yavo yekuchengetedza mari muRF Pension Fund ngozi yekusiyiwa muhuchembera hwavo nechepakati penheji. Ichokwadi ndechekuti hupamhi hwehutachiona hahubvumi kuti uwane chido chakanaka chekuchengeta. Zvose zvakachengetwa mari yepensheni, inopiwa kuPensheni Fund yeRussian Federation, inotamirwa kuVnesheconombank. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi sangano rezvemari haisi iro rinotarisira kuchengetedza kana zvichirasikirwa. Panguva imwe chete, hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti kuburikidza nekupa mari yavo yekuchengetedza kune rimwe sangano rekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, muteresi ane 100% chivimbo achawana mari yakanaka yepensheni. Hapana chokwadi chokuti mumakore akawanda izvi kana kuti zvikwata zvichakwanisa kubhadhara mari yakavimbiswa kune vatengi vayo, kusanganisira yega pesaimari mari. Chisarudzo chehurumende yepasimari mari haifaniri kurambwa zvachose. Kunyange zvakadaro, inodanwa kuti iite mabasa anokosha nemabasa.

Sei maAAPF akasika?

Chinangwa chekugadziriswa kwepenheni, iyo yakaguma mumakambani emapenjeni ega ega ane kodzero yekuchengetedza uye kuwedzera kuponeswa kwevagari vemo, ndeyokuita basa reRussian Federation Pension Fund. Vanodanwa kuti vatore chikamu chemasimba uye mari yehurumende mune iyi indasitiri. Iyi nzira yekushandura yakatibvumira kuti tishandise mari yakawanda, iyo yakaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwechidimbu chechibereko zvichienzaniswa naVnesheconombank.

Kana zvose zviri pachena uye zvakajeka maererano neRF PF, nokuti ndiyo chete inomiririra yerudzi rwayo, saka mhomho yakawanda yemibvunzo uye kusanzwisisana kunomuka pamusoro peNPF, iyo yakaonekwa yakawanda kwazvo. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kwebasa rehurumende yepensheni yakaoma. Usati wanyora chikumbiro chekutsvaga kwekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza kweimwe yeAAPF, zvakakosha kudzidza zvakazara nemitemo yebasa remasangano ega ega.

Zvisikwa zveNPF zvinoshanda

Zvinhu zvakanaka, izvo zvakakosha kusarudza mari isiri yehurumende yepensheni yekubhadhara mari :

• Mumwe mugari anogona kugadzirisa chikamu chekusarura mari inotevera. Munhu mumwe nomumwe ari oga uye mumwe nomumwe pachake anoona mari yakaiswa paakaitika yehomwe yepensheni uye, maererano naizvozvo, iyo yakaenzana nayo inotarisana nehukuru hwemararamiro ake emangwana emangwana. State Pension Fund haina kupa kodzero yakadaro yokusarudza.
• Kugamuchira penheji yekuchengetedza kubva kumarudzi akawanda. Kubvira kare kuti munhu muchengeti wehurumende isiri penhepfenyuro inomupa kodzero yekugamuchira pensions mbiri - yake, uye kubva kuhurumende. Mumwe anofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kodzero dzomugari hazvirevi kubatanidzwa mune imwe sangano risati riri rehurumende. Nhamba yavo inogona kunge isingagumi.
• Inishuwarenzi pamusana pemafungiro emamiriro ekugadzirisa mari yepenheni Panguva ino yekukura kwezvemari, mumwe haagoni kugadzikana zvachose, uye chii chichaitika mumakore gumi chisingazivikanwi. Mushure mezvose, nyika dzakawanda dziri kuita shanduko dzepensheni, izvo zvose zvinowedzera zera rekurega basa uye kuderedza hukuru hwepfudzi inobatsira. Nokudaro, kune munhu chero upi zvake haasati asingazivikanwe nehukuru hwepenjeni yake uye, zvisinei, angave akazviita. Uye sezvo uri muteereri weusati uri wehurumende mari yemari, iwe unogona kunyatsotsanangura zvakakwana mari yepensheni uye zuva rokutanga kwaro kubhadhara.
• Kuzvidavirira kune hurumende. Zvose zvisiri zvemahofisi emapato ehurumende zvinonyanya kuiswa pasi pemutemo wezvino wehurumende, inofanirwa kunge ine zvikwereti zvose zvinodiwa uye zvibvumirano uye inopa mharidzo pamabasa avo kune mamwe masangano ehurumende.
• Mitero inobatsira. Iyo nzira yakasarudzwa yakagamuchirwa kune iyo isiri yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inopa hupo hwekubhadhara kune vose vatengi vemari uye yevashandi vanozvitsaurira mari yavo muchikwama ichi.
• Izvo zvakajeka zvakanyanya zvekusajeka kwemabasa. Mumwe nomumwe ari mubhadharo ane kodzero chero nguva chero ipi zvayo yekugamuchira tsananguro kubva mubhuku rake. Mukuwedzera, kamwechete pagore gwaro racho rinotsanangura pachena pamusoro penyika yekodhi yacho kune depositor.

• Kuisa mari muzvakavimbiswa zvechokwadi. Zvisiri-zvematongerwo enyika masangano epenheni anobatanidzwa mukutsinhanisa chete munyaya dzezvemari dzakaongororwa, urongwa hwezvakagamuchirwa pamatongerwo enyika.
• Kuparadzanisa kwakakwana uye kuchengetedza kwezvinhu zvose zvemari. Basa revanhu vasiri mamiriro ezvinhu epenhepfenyuro rinotarisana nekuti kune rimwe nerimwe rekushanda kune imwe nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvebasa, izvi zvinowedzera kushanda kwevashandi vekambani, uye kunopedza zvisizvo zvevashandi maererano nemabasa evanhu vemhando dzose dzevanyengeri nevatengesi. Panguva imwe chete, rimwe nerimwe rinoparadzanisa mitsara kune nyika nokuda kwebasa rakaitwa.
• Herediness chaiyo yekuendesa mari yekuchengetedza mari. Mari yekubhadhara mari yevashandi vehurumende isiri yehurumende inogona kupiwa nhaka. Nokudaro, kana akafa we muridzi wemari, mari yose inogona kutamirwa kune hama yake yepedyo.
• Kusunungurwa kwekusununguka kwekuchengetedza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo isiri yehurumende kune imwe kana kuhurumende yehupfumi mari. Kana zviitiko zvipi zvisingatarisirwi kana kuti kubuda kwezvinangwa zvevanhu, mubhadhadzi ane kodzero yekuendesa mari yake kune imwe nyika isiri yehurumende yepenjeni kana kuti kuisa kuchengetedza kwavo uye kuunganidza kuhurumende maererano nemitemo inotaurwa pachibvumirano chakanga chagadzirwa.

Pension Fund: chisarudzo chekambani yekutungamirira

Pasina mubvunzo, chinhu chokutanga kunzwisisika mutsauko pakati pehurumende nehurumende. Sezvo tadzidza zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, vagari vese vanogona kuita sarudzo yavo yega yega yehurongwa hwepensheni, iyo, iyo inzvimbo inofanira kuvimba nayo panyaya yezera ravo rakachengeteka: nyika kana kuti kwete.

Iye zvino unoda kusarudza pane imwe kambani yekugadzirisa. Kana mugari akasarudza kuisa mari yekuunganidza mari yake yeRussia Federation, saka hakungavi nematambudziko. Ndiye oga. Izvo zvakaoma zvikuru kuita sarudzo yakanaka yekusati iri yehupfumi mari. Unosvika kupi zuva raunogona kunyora chirevo, sei kusarudza kambani yekuchengetedza yega?

Nhanho-nhanho mirayiridzo yekusarudza APFs

Kusarudzwa kwesangano rega rega kunofanira kuva nemitemo yakawanda inotenderwa. Mumwe nomumwe wevanokumbira anofanira kusangana nezvimwe zvinoda.

Gore reSangano

Vakwegura sangano, inonyanya kuvimbika. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kupa maitiro kune avo vanoita basa risati rasvika gore ra1999. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vaikwanisa kubudirira kubudirira matambudziko e1998 na2008.

Kuumbwa kwevakiki

Zvakanakisisa kupa sangano kumasangano avo vanotanga vamiririri vehupfumi. Inogona kuva mabhizimusi makuru anobatanidzwa mukudururwa kwemaminerari, vamiririri vemabhizimisi etimetallurgical uye magetsi. Usatenda masangano ekutungamirira, akatungamirirwa nekambani yezvemari, munhu wega kana mamwe makambani maduku.

Kubatsirwa

Inogona kuongororwa maererano nemishumo yekambani yekufambisa, iyo inopa kuCentral Bank yeRussian Federation. Uyu ndiwo mutsara unokosha zvikuru wesarudzo, apo ukuru hwekuchengetedza kwemangwana hunoenderana.

Isa panzvimbo yakatarwa

Izvo zvakagadzirwa nehurumende dzezvikwata zvichibva pane deta pamusoro pekubatsira, simba uye zvimwe zvinangwa zvinangwa. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti chiyero chekuzivikanwa kweizvi kana kuti sangano rinotungamirira rinogona kunge rakasiyana. Nokudaro, zvakakodzera kufungisisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu pamwe chete nekusarudza mari isiri yehurumende yepensheni pamusana pezvinhu zvose zviripo, uye kwete pane imwe tsanangudzo.

Kuvhura kwechikwama

Maererano nemitemo yeRussia, kune vatori vechikamu kana vangave vatori vechikamu cheAPF, mashoko ose anokosha anofanira kunge aripo pachena. Nhamba ye data yakadaro yakasimbiswa neBritain Law "On Non-State Pension Funds".

Investment portfolio

Iko kukwanisa kuongorora rudzi rwayo hakupi kunopiwa nehomwe mari yepensheni. Mari iyo inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa mari inosarudzwa nekunyora kushanda. Iwe unogona kuita izvi nenzira nhatu: iwe pachako (kuburikidza nemumiririri), tumira nemeseji kana mune imwe nhoroondo yako paIndaneti rawanikwa.

Mitemo yekusarudzwa kwemari yepensheni

Mumwe mugari anogona kugadzirisa kambani yekutungamira kamwechete pagore. Vanhu vazhinji vane mubvunzo pavakaita sarudzo yavo yemari yepenjeni - ndingatora nguva yakareba sei kuti ndikumbire kuchinja kwekambani yekufambisa? Nyora chikumbiro chakanyorerwa kusvikira December 31.