Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow, apo? History of wemamongi

Chimwe chikuru Russian mapurani anokosha anonzi kuva Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow. Monastery Museum kubvira XVI remakore kunoitika munhu vanobwembura of Moskva River panzvimbo historiallinen inonzi Maiden munda, uye hachimboregi akwezve norunako kwayo uye kare haana-kuzviuraya rukova revashanyi nevapfuuri.

zviitiko Secret uye ngano makazara Novodevichy chechechi. MuMoscow, apo wemamongi yekare, panguva wechiTatar rokusazvisunga vanhu Russian vakaungana mutero Golden Horde. Tribute rwakabhadharwa kuna Tatars, egoridhe uye furs kwete chete. Yadzoswa pano nerunako Russian vasikana, vane dambudziko chakafanorongwa ne nguva muuranda. Kubvira ipapo, munda chainzi Musikana, uye nyika pano, uyo akaona kurwadziwa kusingaperi yakaramba akanyatisa nemisodzi. Pano uye Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow, zvakanzi nheyo ane nhoroondo odzokera emakore, kusvikira panguva kusimbisa simba Russia.

Ndiyo nguva yokuti pamwe munyika Moscow

Novodevichy chechechi Amai Mwari Smolensk nhoroondo yakatanga muna 1524, uye ayo chitarisiko vanosungirwa chiitiko chinokosha nokuda Russia - kuvakwa kubatanidzwa Muscovy. Grand Prince Vasily III of Moscow, rinonzi "nomuteresi munyika Russian", somunhu uye nhaka Byzantine madzimambo, uye kudzivirira Orthodoxy kubva infidels.

Grand kubatana munyika Russia kwakaguma kusunungurwa kubva pasi Lithuanian nokutonga Smolensk - guta, rakanga inokosha kukosha nokuda Russian nehurumende. Hondo wenhau kwakaitika muna 1514, uye makore 10 gare gare, mukuzadzikisa chivimbiso chayo pamberi kuenda Smolensk, Prince akavamba wemamongi ane chechi, akagadza Smolensk Icon Mutsvene Mother ( "Putevoditelnitsy").

Great nzira Smolensk Icon

Icon of Smolensk Amai vaMwari zvasvika nyika wokuRussia iri XI remakore, kusati kwatombova Muscovy. Maererano nengano, akanyorwa panguva hwepasi upenyu Musikana Apostora Luke, rava kure neJerusarema rekare muna Byzantine guru weConstantinople, uye zvadaro Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Iye kwaifanira kuva neKijuni zvemarudzi machinda Russian. Uye kwenguva refu, kunoshamisa mufananidzo nokungwarira rachengetedzwa mukereke nokufungidzira Smolensk. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, yakanga seshanduro Smolensk mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, uye guta riri ikozvino zvakachengetwa pamusoro kwezvirwere Musikana. In nemabhuku emabasa XIII remakore kunyanya kutsanangura chishamiso kuti mifananidzo kana iye akaponesa Smolensk kubva nechisimba varwi Batu.

Sezvo 1398 mufananidzo chinoshamisa chaiva Muscovy. It vakauya Sophia Vitovtovna, Moscow Prince Vasily I. mukadzi pakashanya kuna Smolensk kuna baba vake, muchinda Lithuanian, Sophia akagamuchira mubereki atikomborere uye kutungamirirwa kuchengetera zvomufananidzo kumba. Akariisa vasarudzirwa muna Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin.

Kwemakore akawanda nhume Smolensk kunge akakumbira kuna Vasili III kudzoka icon. Asi kamwe chisarudzo kubatanidza wokuRussia nyika uye chido kukwezva vagari Smolensk uri Russian divi muchinda akabvumira chiitiko ichi kuti zviitike.

Asati kutumira neKijuni mune rurefu kuti Smolensk, panguva behest yomuchinda uye mifananidzo akabvisa yakarurama list, iyo yakasiyiwa iri Annunciation Cathedral. The Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow, apo iye zvino mazita kwemifananidzo, akanga ari 1525.

In Smolensk rutumba pamwe nomudungwe kubva Kremlin masvingo kuna Sawin wemamongi. Yakanga chete pashure munamato mukuru yaaifamba achitevera Smolensk mugwagwa.

Chiitiko ichi chinokosha Kubvira kupembererwa gore negore pamitambo basa uye nomudungwe kunzvimbo ikozvino atambanudza ari Novodevichy chechechi. Moscow, Russia, vaKristu vose Russian Orthodox kudzai July 28 Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari. Panguva iyi, mushure hondo Smolensk vakunde, chechi wemamongi idzva yokutanga yemapuranga waradzikwa.

Sei zita wemamongi pamusoro Field remhandara

Wemamongi anonzi "Novodevichy" haana netsaona. Pakazosvika mavambo XVI remakore Moscow akanga atova vaviri hadzi yemamongi - mukuru yemamongi of Conception, akadana ipapo Starodevichim, uye iri mundima Moscow Kremlin kuti Ascension. Zita wemamongi pamusoro remhandara Field yepakutanga, anotaurwa yaMakoronike muna 1598 - Wokumusoro Pure Virgin Hodegetria The nunnery itsva.

Pane imwe shanduro pakuonekwa rokuremekedza. Abbess pakati wemamongi chakatsaurirwa kuna schema-sisita Elena, bayou uye hwokuzvinyima Suzdal Pokrovsky wemamonk. Kubva Suzdal itsva chechechi abbess Unsubscribe uye 18 nemasisita, uye kuti kushumira vakatendeka muna zvose renyu ramunoita. Upenyu nemasisita panguva wemamongi rakavakwa dhomitari nenheyo akwegura uye vari pasi pakuomerera usingaperi. Kusvikira panguva ino kuponesa rakasiyana rugwaro rwakanyorwa nemaoko gwaro wakavhomorwa naMweya abbess of Novodevichy chechechi - bumbiro uye zuva chechechi pakutanga XVI remakore.

Bayou Elena akanga vairatidza kuva "vseizryadnoy mudzidzisi mhandara chinzvimbo," uye ungano yakanga Devochkin remadunhu- nokuda ngwariro chaiyo kuitarisira nevasikana. Rudo uye nokutarisira kushandiswa ne abbess yakanga kwazvo kuti midzi yekare Moscow nherera zita vakadzi.

Kubva nhoroondo Novodevichy chechechi Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva Peter ndakanga pano akaronga utiziro vacheche, vasikana vakaberekwa zvisiri pamutemo. Masisita kusimudza uye kudzidzisa nehasha dzavo, zvishoma nezvishoma navo kuzvininipisa uye kuteerera. It zvaiva Peter ndakafunga kudzidzisa novices yemamongi resi pamusoro Dutch nenzira. Pokugara ndiye kumumvuri ramangwana of Moscow nherera kuvasikana dzakakwirira makirasi okutanga.

History of wemamongi vakadzi uye utiziro vasikana nherera dzakwidzwa akaramba uye Resurrection Novodevichy Monastery yakavambwa zvarayirwa Empress Elizabeth muna 1746. Panguva iyoyo, iye asarudza uchatamisa zvakaitika Moscow nemasisita muSt Petersburg. A zvikuru nevakawanda yemamongi ichi vakatanga kushandisa panguva ichatonga zvine mbiri monasticism pakati nevakadzi XIX remakore.

Imwe shanduro zvikonzero dzakavamba wemamongi

Historians anenge vachibvumirana vanobvuma kuti chimwe zvikonzero dzakavamba chechechi itsva uye aiva munhu mutambo Vasily III. A kufanana wavhomorwa pakati kuvakwa wemamongi uye kurambana nyaya muchinda. Vakasarudzwa navo Solomonia Saburova makore 20 kuroorana, handina kukwanisa kupa muchinda mugari wenhaka. Achityira hama dzake, vachinyepedzera kutonga, vakawana mvumo kubva chechi kuroorwazve. Atadza kutsungirira ake zvemhuri basa rake mudzimai Solomonia Vasily III vaimanikidzwa kutora kwechidzitiro uye akadzinga naye kuna Christmas wemamongi. Muna 1525 zvakanzi christened Sophia.

Vazhinji kare vanodavira kuti Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow, inova mazita Smolensk mifananidzo yakagadzirwa zvakananga Soromoni. Uye Vasily III, «kupayona" zviri madzimambo ari kumanikidzwa mukadzi wake nokuda madziro wemamongi, achiedza saka kuderedza mhosva yake.

Kubva Kremlin kusvika Novodevichy chechechi aiva matatu chete mamaira. Asi kutamira nzvimbo nzvimbo pedyo Moscow sisita Sophia akanga asingakwanisi kupedza mazuva ake zvakagoverwa munyika Suzdal, Pokrovsky seri kwemasvingo ari chechechi. upenyu hwake akarurama iye vaifanira rokuzvidavirira kuna matsvene, uye nhasi airemekedzwa nevanhu vatendi sezvo Sofiya Suzdalskaya Reverend.

Godunovs ari Novodevichy chechechi

Anosuruvarisa Muitiro bhuku vanhu mhuri youmambo mberi Ivan Grozny. Akavanza pano chirikadzi munin'ina wake uye mwanakomana wake. Wemamongi akatora chirikadzi Fedor I Ioanovicha, Irina Godunov, anodzivirira kubva pakafa mukoma wake Boris. Sarudzo yake kusiya wemamongi pashure murume afa akanga chakaenzana abdication. Asi pano pane mambokadzi sisita akapfuurira pachena mabasa, zvichiita yokugara youmambo dzokugara. Zvakanga pano katatu vakauya kukotamira boyars uyo akakumbira Boris mambo.

Pfungwa uye patronage of Novodevichy chechechi akatanga ndokuisa Boris Godunov, uyo akatora simba muna 1598. Hanzvadzi yake Irina Fedorovna akavaka mutsva yakakura masero, kereke uye refectory. Naizvozvo, ivo uchanzi Irininskimi makamuri. Uyezve, mari yakanga dzinounzwa rakazara gadziridzo of Smolensk Cathedral, akadzorerwa murals uye iconostasis, uye kunoshamisa mufananidzo akapfeka mari itsva namabwe anokosha.

Nhapwa mhuri youmambo

Yaiva zvisingaperi kutsivana Vagari wemamongi pamusoro genera boyars namachinda. Pakati pavo paiva avo kuti vakazviwana shure masvingo simba havasi kwavo yesarudzo.

Akaramba mujeri nehama uye Peter I. Muna 1689 chakavigwa pano Princess Sophia Alekseevna, hanzvadzi namambo uye honzeri kwokumukira Archer. Njodzi yake neshamwari yaiva nomukurumbira. Ivo vakaurayiwa pamberi Novodevichy chechechi, uye misoro yavo dzakanga strung pamusoro shongwe kwemasvingo wemamongi ibwe. Izvi vakatapwa mudzimai wokutanga Peter I, Lopuchin Evdokia, maererano nengano akatuka mwoyo wake waaida yeguta iri Neva.

"Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow, uko kune vakawanda mumhuri anokudzwa, vakapfuma uye akaronga kuti vanhu dzakakwirira" - akatsinhira Patriarch Nikon. Sapamazuva akare muna Starodevichy, uye pano akasvika madzimambo nemadzimai, chirikadzi, vanasikana nehanzvadzi yacho boyars.

For asingaverengeki fuma yakawanikwa vakagara nechepasi, akawedzerwa akaramba nezvishongo ramangwana nemasisita, uye dedicatory tsamba nhaka munyika dzavo.

Vakagara kana nhare?

At murayiro Vasily III, wemamongi aifanira kuva vakasiyana kopi Kremlin. Court ezvivako uye Painters vakashanda kwete chete pamasvingo zvitaviro, zvakawanda runako rwavo. Vhura masvingo wemamongi munhare akasarudza Boris Godunov, kutanga pashure pamukwidzwa chigaro mapurani kuchinja wemamongi. New hwakasimba ibwe masvingo ne shongwe itsva uye shongwe akakomba wemamongi. kukwirira kwavo zvino yakawedzera kusvika 13 metres, uye urefu - anenge kiromita. Kutakura murindi panguva wemamongi akagadza strelets ravarwi 350 emauto, kusvikira XVII remakore wemamongi akava chaiyo Gwaro nhare pamuganhu Moscow.

Sokunyorwa Moscow kwakaita Novodevichy chechechi uye rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo nguva Great Troubles, kana njodzi wemamongi nhare yaiva inosuruvarisa. Amire kwezana guta, rakachengetedzwa pasi vakawanda vachirwisa yavatorwa, mupanduki nevarwi musketeers uye zvavo makororo. By 1612 masvingo wemamongi akatosvika kuparadzwa uye vakapamba wemamongi. Yakanga pasi mumatongo madziro Novodevichy chechechi, hondo usingakanganwiki nehondo Polish, pashure izvo Prince Pozharsky akatungamirira kukupfura kuti Kremlin.

The upenyu itsva wemamongi: kudzorerwa uye ndakajeka

Kudzoreredzwa Novodevichy wemamongi vakatanga nokuuya rekutonga wokutanga Romanov. Mikhail Fedorovich, akasunungura wemamongi kubva mutero 1650 yakagadzira wemamongi kubva kungoda hondo, rakavakwazve uye akavakirirwa masvingo. Akaita wemamongi nzvimbo achinyengetera mantis youmambo Vanhu. Kubvira ipapo Novodevichy chechechi yaiva kunze kweguta, pasi masvingo aro akavhuniwa matende, apo vakaramba kuti usiku, "kuitira kuti kurasikirwa munyengetero mangwanani." Nemhaka wemamongi Moscow ainzi mumugwagwa Prechistenka - vemazuva yekare guta chiratidzo. Zviri kwake vomuchechi kuenda nemazororo.

Custom Mhemberero pana Novodevichy Muscovites vakauya upenyu pamwechete nguva. Nhasi, zviuru zvevanhu vanoedza kusvika Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow. How kusvika kunzvimbo yezororo mitambo inoitwa?

Pamitambo mhemberero mu enhoroondo centre

Nokufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo zvavo mitambo kwave kubva pamasvingo wemamongi pamusoro yakachena uye remhandara Field. Mitambo yokutanga yaiitwa chete pamazororo echitendero. The pakuonekwa yakakurumbira mumugwagwa Prechistenka kunewo chokuita chete Novodevichy chechechi.

The mumugwagwa iyo vakatendeka akauya gore negore kubva Kremlin masvingo kuti wemamongi, iripo kare. Asi murayiro wamambo 1658 zvikazikamwa sezvo zita Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, iri pachiso zvinoshamisa kuenda ose yezororo.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, nzvimbo iyi enhoroondo vakatanga kupemberera zviitiko zvinokosha uye zvisingakoshi. Kusvikira XVIII remakore mundima Maiden munda akaramba asina kuvakwa. Paiva vachiita mapindu uye wezvinonhuhwira mapindu akaputsa. Country dzimba kwamachinda munzvimbo ino akatanga kuonekwa kurutivi kuguma remakore.

Today Maiden munda nzvimbo chose akavaka, uye migwagwa chikuru enhoroondo centre anoonekwa kuti vakawanda Pirogovskaya Minor Pirogovskaya uye Pogodinskaya. Mhemberero inoitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, mukati achifamba rwendo mumwe, saka anoperekedza kuwana vakatozodzokera huchashandira izvi mumigwagwa.

How kuenda Novodevichy chechechi

Hapana nzvimbo yenzira guru asingadi kudzivisa pfungwa dzake Novodevichy chechechi. Moscow - ndipo pokutangira vanoda kufamba vakapoteredza Golden Ring.

Sezvo yokugara wemamongi kusvikira 1922. Akaponeswa nehurumende yeSoviet sechinhu mapurani Monument kusvikira 30s, kana kusarudza vanhu Commissariat pakati pakuvaka wemamongi kunzwisisa zvakapiwa State Historical Museum (bazi). Kunyange pakuguma hondo munharaunda chechi isati akatanga vamutsidzirwezve zvikoro dzechitendero. Uye chete muna 1994 upenyu yemamongi kumonasitiri yakanga rakandiponesa.

Tourist vatungamiriri nguva dzose kupa mashoko avo vanoda kushanyira Novodevichy chechechi. Address uye mirayiridzo vanotaura zvose zvirongwa. Vopedzisira varasika achava zvakaoma.

Sezvo nhasi iri musimboti risingakanganwiki guru, uye zvinokwezva zvakawanda dzakaparadzaniswa chinhambwe, ipapo Metro yemapurisa "Sport" zviri nani kutora 10 yemaminitsi kufamba mumugwagwa. October 10 mhemberero.

Nharaunda wemamongi zvakaoma ishoma Novodevichy NAB. Luzhnetskaya pakufamba uye Khamovniki mugodhi. Kuwedzera vakaongorora mapurani zvakaoma, vashanyi uye mafeni zvakawanda zvikuru vanhu vakashamisika Novodevichy kumakuva. Rinorondedzerawo chaihwo rainzwika Moscow. Pano vakavigwa unhu zhinji kunoshamisa munyika yedu, vehondo, vakakurumbira vamiririri sayenzi uye tsika nemagariro, uye zvematongerwo enyika.

Heritage nhoroondo Russian uye mumudzimu kutenda vakabatana pacharwo raikosha nzvimbo reRussia - Novodevichy chechechi muMoscow. Address: Metro "Mitambo", Novodevichy ndima, 1.