Oberiuty - ndiko ... mabhuku Group "Kusanganisa unyanzvi chaihwo"

Art, kufanana sainzi, kumbobvira rikamira uye uchapupu anogona havashumiri chete nebudiriro vemifananidzo nguva yedu. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, munzanga zvasiya vakawanda nheyo aimbova upenyu, uyu muitiro wakanga zvose nehasha, mu-mitemo, munzanga dzinokura, Chokwadi, mabhuku. Mune kwemauto ichi chimwe chezvinhu kujairika uye nzira itsva panguva vaiva oberiuty. mhando iyi youshamwari wevanyori vakasiya tsika siyana uri zvachose, uye ikozvino tichanzwisisa kuti vakatora somutsivi womutariri.

Kujairirana uye basa rake boka

Saka enhetembo kushamwaridzana akadana Oberiu dzakatangira Soviet Russia, muna Leningrad. January 24, 1928 muna House of Press musangano, yainzi "maawa matatu akasiya ', vatori vose akazivisa pokupinda kwavo munyika niche kuti" kuruboshwe "unyanzvi. chidimbu ichi anomirira "Kusanganisa Art chaihwo", tsamba "nepfambi" iri awedzera pano kungotaura somunhu chinamatidzwa. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti chidimbu ichi chinoratidza nemaonero date vadetembi. Pazuva iroro uye yakabudiswa wokutanga (uye pakupedzisira) Manifesto akagara akabudisa Kurambwa kwakajairika siyana ounyanzvi uye awane maonero matsva chaiko. Kubva zvino, okugadzira zvinhu oberiutov akava chains-garde, ari nhetembo pane matswa, iyo pfungwa existentialism uye dzimwe nyaya pasi pose vanhu.

History chokusika

Oberiuty - a seboka zita, iro pamutemo pakachengetwa kuti vadetembi muna 1928, asi rinofanira kunzi nezveizvi akazviratidza mabhuku zvakanaka isati nguva ino. Tanga vanoumba boka nyaya kuti 1925, apo vadetembi Harms, Vvedensky, Z uye Bakhterev vakabatana pasi rekunyepedzera kuti "Chinar". Kwapera gore, zita akazonzi "kuruboshwe bapiro", uye achiri paya akazonzi "Academy akasiya Classics." Muna 1928, manheru January 24 Mumba Press aiva musangano "maawa matatu akasiya" umo zita pakupedzisira akasarudzwa - "Poets oberiuty" uye akanzi pamazita vechikamu.

• awa First - vanyanduri kubatana boka: A. Vvedensky, N. Z, D. Harms, J. Bakhterev, K. nyinyo.
• The awa rechipiri - of kutamba inobva nyaya "Elizaveta Bam kuti" uyo akanyora Daniil Kharms.
• The awa yechitatu - kuona hwavapo firimu "Slice uye dhaiza", izvo akasika Alexander Razumovsky.

Members uye vatsigiri chains-garde nounyanzvi

MuThe "maawa matatu akasiya" Oberiu Gwaro chinoumba panheyo dzaro. Gare gare vakaumba chikamu vane nhengo pamutemo vakabatana boka. Saka, kubva 1928 oberiuty - ndiye D. Harms, J. Bakhterev, K. Vaginov Vvedensky, N. Z, Yu Vladimirov uye Doyvber Levin. Basa ava kwaibva achinyanya kukundikana mutauro "abstruse" kubva zvakaoma mabhuku nokumukirana uye yemichato. Musimboti kuisa zvokufananidzira, musoro uye illogic. Zvechokwadi, paruzhinji vakawanda kuitikawo wakakonzera kusafarira, kunyanya mu vepamusoro Mutongo munyika. Zvisinei, pakati okusika vanhu boka oberiutov akawana rutsigiro. Kugoverana maonero avo okusika aigona: munyori Evgeniy Shvarts, nyanduri Nikolay Oleynikov, kuti philologist Nikolai Khardzhiev vazivi Leonid Lipavsky uye Yakov Druskin. Support akawanikwa ari chikamu Artists: Pavel Mansurov, Kazimir Malevich, Pavel Filonov, Vladimir Sterligov uye canoes vomunharaunda MAI, yokudhirowa Alisa Poret uye Tatiana Glebova.

mafungiro

In Vanyori ake Manifesto oberiuty pachena yakati: "Ndiwe isu? Sei isu ... Tiri - vadetembi itsva uri uye mafungiro matsva. Zvinoreva mifananidzo uye mashoko ari okugadzira zvinhu edu kunowedzera uye akawedzera zvikuru, asi hatiparadzwi. chinhu chipi pakutanga iri vakachenesa kubva pamateko, mabhuku uye zuva nezuva, uye chete pashure kuva chisikwa. "

Nhare vadetembi akatanga pfungwa dzakadai kushaya pfungwa, kutaura uye mutauro abnormalities, zvivakamutauro zvikanganiso, ichiparara, kana samooproverzhenie relativity. Musimboti Wandinyengedzerei ichi ndechokuti mumwe Zvakazoitwa chidimbu chemashoko kuramba rapfuura chete, izvo, akavapindurawo, havana kurega. Somuenzaniso tinogona kufunga nyaya "The Blue Notebook No. 10," akanyora Daniil Kharms. Tanga nayo sezvinotevera: "Paiva dzvuku vhudzi ...." Pashure zvikazikamwa kuti murume uyu akanga asina bvudzi, hapana hura, hapana mhino - hapana.

"Ukoshi The cheshanu"

Writers zvinozivikanwa kuti pane ina tsika yacho, kusanganisira mupfungwa, rairatidza, uye achida aesthetic. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakakodzera kusika chinhu kuti kwaizovimbisa kuvapo ari chinhu - saka zvairatidza oberiuty. Izvi aifanira kuva ukoshi kuti achizodzikinura chinhu akasiyana zvimiso noukama uye aizoita kuti akazvimirira. In dzidziso, ichi ndechokuti zvakaoma kunzwisisa, nekuti basa iri inobva penga pfungwa, saka ikozvino tichakurukura muenzaniso chaiwo. Vvedensky detembo "Nokuti muromo tsamba akatora, uye ini kumutsa pauriri cabinet" chinoratidza pachena kuti kuvapo "wechishanu tsika." Pano, shoko rinogona anoonekwa somunhu yoga nyaya uye chinhu, uyewo, somunhu yoga shoko.

zvisikwa

Oberiutov kuedza mumabhuku vari zvikuru dzaisiyana yavo kusvika. chete munyori ose ane "machipisi" zvavo, ake maitiro uye mirayiridzo. Inobatanidza vadetembi, zvichida, kwakapararira kushaya pfungwa, zvinoparadza zvachose pfungwa mabhuku. A yakafanana kuitika anotiita kutarisa guru mufananidzo kubudikidza prism ari zvokufananidzira, kuiona zvakasiyana kupfuura ainakidza shanduro. Uyezve, pasina maitikiro, kujairika mabhuku mano uye vakawanda "zvikanganiso" kuti muverengi pachake pfungwa anoenderana zvikamu zvose zvizere. Zvakanaka, zvino ndiyo nguva kuti Kunyatsoziva zvinoitwa okugadzira zvinhu mumwe dzepamusorosoro vamiririri boka iri vanyori.

Alexander Vvedensky - nyanduri oberiutov

munyori ichi chikuru pakati vamiririri ichi kuitika, uye kuonga zvose chokuti basa rake sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira kuti Classics uye chiedza maonero. Kunyanya Vvedenskii anoshanda pamwe nemamiriro mutauro pachayo. zvaakasika vari zvatinosiita kukura (sezvo Pushkin, somuenzaniso), havana kunzwisisa nekudetemberwa, dangling mitsara uye arcane mazwi. Mutauro nyore matauriro chaizvo nevakawanda mashoko senhetembo inorwadza nyore, uye zviri nyore kuyeuka. Zvinoita sokuti kuva yakajeka muna nhetembo yake, zvakarurama uye zvakajeka, asi chinhu saonekwa anoita muverengi pakupedzisira kuona zvakanga zvichiitika. Chokwadi chokuti nyanduri anoshandisa usingatarisiri zvachose majana chomutsara, iye Chine mashoko vakanga vasati akamira pamwe chete, nokudaro achiumba neformuliruemy saonekwa zvaanoreva.

Haiwa, zvakanga tsitsi cheya

On nechigaro vagere aul

Pairi akagara murwere guru,

Iye akagara musana dzake kuvapenyu.

Akaona rwizi uye sango,

Where anongovangira Sturt gava.

Harms

Pakusikwa nyanduri, asi zvishoma yakakurumbira kupfuura yaimbovapo, kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro maturo. Nenzira dzakawanda, akafanana Daniil Kharms, Vvedensky - iyewo rinobatanidza incongruous pamwe chete mashoko, anosika ane fungidziro nezvahunonyatsoreva. Kuverenga nhetembo yake, pakutanga tingaona sokuti zvose zviri pachena uye unonzwisisika. Asi sezvo uchangobva wokupedzisira dzinza kugutsikana inorasika, zvakakodzera Re-kuverenga, kanopfuura kamwe, kuti andobata kunyange chikamu chii munyori akanga achiedza kutaura. Wechipiri unoti, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva okugadzira zvinhu Harms - ndiye "musoro." Zvinoita mashoko matsva, kupinda navo nhetembo, uye kuwana avo neimwe mutsetse, zvinokwanisika zvokufungidzira zvadzinoreva.

Ini akafamba nomumachakwi muchando
The galoshes,
The ngowani
Uye magirazi.
Pakarepo, rwizi dzakabviswa munhu
pamusoro simbi
nezvikorekedzo.

Ini akamhanyira rwizi nokukurumidza,
Akagadza kumhanya musango,
Kutsoka Handina zvakabatanidzwa mapuranga maviri,
crouching
bounced
Uye akanyangarika.

prose Harms

oberiutov ichi vairatidza munguva yake, kwete chete kuva nyanduri asi uyewo munyori Mitambo uye nyaya pfupi. Sezvo oberiutov nhetembo, prose Harms vaipfeka penga hunhu kwaibva maturo mashoko, zvinhu hazvina chokuita nepedyo, uye kakawanda kuchinja manzwiro. A chikuru nyaya ake akava mhuri nyaya. Zvokufananidzira vakauya mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana kuti aigona munguva kuchitoro pachiteshi chezvitima, panguva chisvusvuro kana kunotandara. Chero Nhaurirano ari mabasa vanyori anomirirwa mune Genre kuti akanga asina zita, asi zviri pachena kuti aiva zvakapesana yedu yenguva dzose kwokukurukurirana mharidzo.

Nikolay Zabolotsky

mabhuku Zvisikwa Z kuti zvinobatana kujairika uye kunyange zvishoma musoro madimikira, izvo, zvisinei, vakabatana zvaanoreva zvakajeka. Kuva verenga detembo rake kumugumo, muverengi anoziva pezvawakaita vachindipomera akanzwisisa chii akatumwa kunyorwa nemunyori. Zvisinei, basa pacharo riri chaizvoizvo muchifashukira gudziramukanwa, kuenzanisa atypical, anthropomorphic kwete chete mhuka, asiwo zvinhu zvezuva nezuva, zvakasikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwokupedzisira pfungwa kana zvinoreva ndima hakusi oneka nguva dzose. Mabasa Z vari pakati avo kuti mucharangarirwa muchizvidya kusvikira yokupedzisira, uye chete pakupera uchakwanisa kunzwisisa zvakanga zvakanyorwa zvose dzakakwirira kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chimiro.

Tarirai: Handisi kutamba, kwete anoedzesera,
Pano, usiku famba pavaidira,
Pano newaini vasamuziva,
Flying papukaija kuseka.

Nikolay Oleynikov

Poetry kuti oberiutov ane kwazvo uye zvikuru nzwisisa pfungwa kuti muverengi. Pasinei zvinofananidzira, fananidzo uye Chirevo, munyori nounyanzvi rinopa musimboti kufunga kwake uye unozviumba kuva nyore rhymed drains the. Kunyanya Oleinikova basa rinogona kurondedzerwa se Parody, umo iye akaseka kusakwana siyana kwavanhu kana hurongwa, kana chinotiratidza isiri divi upenyu, zvinomutsa mibvunzo inokosha kwazvo, uye kunyange zvaisiririsa. The kupfuura unoshamisa mabasa ake kunoonekwa sechinhu "bete". nhetembo iyi, unotiudza pamusoro unosuruvarisa njodzi Tupukanana, iyo yave nyaya kuti kuedza. Bete kusakosha vanhu, asi munyori anotiudza kuti iye ane mupenyu, zvakare, ane mweya uye anoda kurarama.

- A bete anogara girazi,
Foot redhead sucks.
Iye akabatwa. Akanga parumananzombe.
Zvino ari kumirira aurayiwe.

- bete chakatsindirwa kuti girazi

Akatarira, breathlessly.

Aizoita havatyi rufu,
Dai ndakanga kuzivikanwa kuti pane mweya ...

tsoropodzo vomunguva

Kuvapo shamwari chaiyo uri pangozi enyika uye magariro itsva dzinoitwa Soviet Russia. In Leningrad kutungamirira kutsikisa dzimba nhengo dzeboka akapiwa refusals zhinji, chisviniro akanyarara kuvapo kwavo, uye akazonzi vatengesi, vavengi uye vasori. Muna 1930, wakapfuura wokupedzisira rekuratidzwa, zvakanga verenga ndima oberiutov, uyewo nezvepurogiramu varaidzo uine muroyi Pastukhov. In rukudzo Kwaari kunoparadza nyaya mupepanhau "Change", umo chiito ichi anonzi "abstruse juggling," uye vose vanobatanidzwa mairi - vavengi of proletariat uye unoranganawo. It zvakateverwa nemashoko akaipa zvakafanana uye wongororo kuti kwakaita nokukurumidza uende vehurumende kuita chiito.

Udzvanyiriri uye kutambudzwa

Muna 1931, Sangano chaiye uri pamutemo havasisipo. Harms, Vvedensky uye Bakhterev vakasungwa bhizimisi ehurumende, uye ipapo vakaburitswa pasina kodzero zvakare kudzoka. Nhengo vasara boka vakaramba kushanda, asi vasisiri akaita uye kwete rakabudiswa kare. Pakupedzisira, muna 1941-1942 akafa Vvedensky uye Kharms, uye vakauya kunyika hondo yedu kwakauraya upenyu Levin uye Lipavsky. Zvinokosha kutaura kuti Nikolay Oleynikov akapfurwa muna 1937. The oberiuty asara yakapfigwa muna Leningrad, riri kuramba vachibatwa ndokumukira uye kurwiswa nevaNazi. In ezvinhu aya, kubudirira vave akarasika vanyori, vakapiswa uye vakarasikirwa yose kutamba, dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo uye munhu nokubudirira. Nekuti zvinhu izvi, chete vakuru kunyora Yuri Vladimirov, iyo yasvika mazuva edu, aiva "Athlete". Childish mabasa Levin vakarasika zvachose, uyewo prose zvisikwa Vvedensky, kusanganisira iconic nyaya "nemhondi, imi mapenzi."

"Nyungudika"

Pashure 1956, vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga ndimutsidzire kamwe vakarasika mabasa vadetembi makuru uye vanyori. Isu yakatanga kubudiswa vana nhetembo Harms uye Vvedensky. Vakanga rakabudiswa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo West, nemhaka nokuedza Vladimira Erlya uye Michael Meylaha. Pakupedzisira, kurambidzwa kwebasa oberiutov rakanga filmed mumakore perestroika, kana kusenza Soviet akarasika kukosha kwayo uye zvakasikwa siyana kwaita kuwedzerwa zvakati. Zvinonzi mumwe vadetembi yeboka iri - Igor Bakhterev, akakwanisa kusvika makore ose aya uye kuchengeta unyanzvi hwavo okusika kusvikira nguva rufu muna 1996. basa rake akatanga kubudisa kare 70s, pamwe anodhinda kwete chete nokubudirira yekare, asi mabasa matsva. Muna 80th uye wokutanga chikamu 90 zvinonzi akaramba anyore, pasina kuchinja manyorero chains-garde.

Oberiuty vana

Nokuti kuti sangano ounyanzvi Vanyori chaivo vakanga nguva pasi zvokuongorora nokutyisidzirwa uye udzvanyiriri nehurumende, vakawanda vavo akapfuura, saka kutaura, ari chevana okugadzira zvinhu niche. Zvikurukuru, Vvedensky, Harms, Bakhterev, Vladimirov uye Z vari kushingaira kunyora nhetembo vana, vaiva zvikuru nyore uye zvakananga pane zvisikwa kuti vateereri mukuru. Asi, oddly zvakakwana, kunyange zvakadaro mhosva pakutanga kuaona zvakasikwa Zvinosiririsa kana satirical vavariro hachishandi. zvakazova chimwe chikonzero chakaita kusungwa huru kurovedzera ari mabhuku boka.