Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Russian muvezi: Biography, basa

Munyika unogona kuwana nzvimbo dzakawanda kuti kuchaita katyamadza pamwe UKURU dzavo, yakabwinyiswa mitsetse, asi kunobatsirawo kuti kuronda kukura unyanzvi chivezwa muzvizvarwa. Asi chii chatinoziva pamusoro vanhu kusika zvivako izvi, waiisa chikamu mweya wake yaanofarira chinhu?

Munyaya ino isu unoyeuka vanozivikanwa Russian muvezi. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - ndiani, anotsigira sei chakaitwa unyanzvi nyika, uye chii anoshanda akava nomukurumbira?

Biography

akaberekwa AM Opekushin November 28, 1838 (maererano kumwewo muna 1833) mumusha muduku Svechkino Volga (Yaroslavl Province). Aibva mumhuri murimi mudiki. baba vake aiva serf vomuridzi womunda Ekateriny Olhinoy, unyanzvi modelers kuzvidzora akadzidzisa.

Sezvo pauduku Opekushin akaratidza unyanzvi tarenda uye kuravira, kuuya nyore murimi mudiki matambudziko creatively. Iye zvinobudirira chikoro musha. yaiva tarenda mukomana ndiro zvakaoma kuteerera, saka baba kazhinji musi nzendo vakadzi muSt Petersburg, ndakasarudza kumutumira mukomana kudzidza. Ndawana vabvumirana E. Olkhin, muduku Opekushin nemakore 12 akaenda kunyoresa School of Drawing of Imperial Society kuti akurudzire Artists.

inotungamirwa

Dzidzo muSt Petersburg aiva nyore. Uye pachinzvimbo makore matatu yaaipedza vaviri chete. AM Opekushin kuratidzwa mano zvakajairika panguva zvidzidzo zvavo, uye akahwina mwoyo inozivikanwa vemifananidzo uye mapurofesa. Mumwe wavo aiva Danish muvezi David Jensen. Pashure kuguma Drawing School, akakumbira kuna Studio ake Opekushin sezvo volnoprihodyaschego modelers.

Uyezve dzidzo uye basa revechiduku muvezi zvakanga zvisingaiti, sezvo akanga achiri magwaro ane serf. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko Opekushin aida mari rudzikinuro - 500 rubles. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akashanda nesimba, kupedza mamwe mirairo uye kugamuchira ndaitambira mari.

Strong mupfungwa, kudzidza daily, chinoenderera Kusarara uye mubhedha yekudyidzana simba Opekushin muviri, uye iye akarwara. shamwari rudo chete chikoro uye muduku akabatsira kukunda kurwara. Uye muna 1859, yakanga yakasainwa Opekushin freestyle. Zvino akanga akasununguka uye aigona kuramba yokusika nzira, sei uye kupi achida.

New Aruma mai aiva Imperial Academy of Arts. In dzakafanana, wechiduku modeller akaramba kupinda mumusangano Jensen uye zvakaoma akahwina zita rimwe zvakanakisisa vavezi vemabwe Russian.

mhuri

Muna 1861, Alexander akaroora. Zvinosuruvarisa zvinotisimbisa havasi kupiwa mashoko akarurama pamusoro wake nevana. Zvinonzi chete anozivikanwa kuti Opekushin aiva mhuri yakakura, vanasikana vakawanda. Akabatsira kuchengeta naye nguva dzose mari kubva pakusikwa decoration zvivezwa.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich aiva murume zvokunamata chaizvo uye wepachokwadi monarchist. basa rake riri zvikuru muna dzemhuri youmambo. Munguva yakaoma mumhuri wokuRussia aiva akakurumbira Russian muvezi achimukumbira uye nenzara. Zvevoruzhinji mari, akatama kubva echimurenga St. Petersburg (zvino Petrograd) nomutauro wake mupurovhinzi Opekushin. Gare gare Rybnitsa pamba murusununguko kushandiswa. Alexander akanga akwegura uye ari vasisiri vaiita kufarira webasa. Zvisinei, vanhu Commissariat akasarudzwa nokuda kwake mhuri Academic migove.

Muna 1923 Opekushin abatwa nemabayo uye akafa. Iye akavigwa Rybnitsa musha chete, pedyo Chechi Muponesi, iyo akabhabhatidzwa. Papera hafu yezana remakore, guva nomuvezi yakazviratidza nomwero tombstone. Uye muna 2012, risingazivikanwi admire Opekushin dzinounzwa mari girenayiti tombstone pamwe akanyorwa: "guru vavezi vemabwe yezvizvarwa tionge."

Early basa

Shanda Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich sezvo emhizha uye modeler ndokutanga mangwanani. Pakazosvika makore 17, akasika mukurumbira tenzi unyanzvi. Zvisinei, kuchinja zvichaitirwa ake akava 1862. Masvingo kuzorodzwa "Ngirozi, muchizivisa vafudzi Krisimasi" aiva rudzi pokutangira nokuda unyanzvi zvikuru muduku muvezi.

Pasina nguva ainge ava muonekwe yakakurumbira Artist Mikhail Mikeshin uye aida kutora chikamu mune pakusikwa shongwe mu Novgorod "Millennium weRussia" - hombe-pamwero chirongwa panguva. Chokwadi, pamwe Mikeshin aiva chakakomba kwakabatsira Opekushin. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete pachikero muvezi. Style rejaya muvezi yakakurumbira kuumbwa vakadhakwa zvinhu uye wokuRussia muiti wechokwadi muvezi Mark Antokolsky, kunyanya mifananidzo yaro Ivana Groznogo uye Peter I.

basa

Panguva yose basa Opekushin akasika dzakawanda dhazeni ounyanzvi. Nekuti vamwe vavo Russian muvezi vakagamuchira mibayiro uye mazita okuremekedza. Asi zvinosuwisa, zvakawanda Zvivako zvakakwidzwa pasi panguva echimurenga nguva. Kwakadaro, Somuenzaniso, yava shongwe Alexander II. Chakazarurwa 1898. The wendarira Monument akamira kumaodzanyemba Kremlin rusvingo.

Kwakapararira mukurumbira vakauya Opekushin basa kwakaratidzwa pagungano World Exhibition kuParis. Izvi zvinosanganisira Vakadzingana dhishi inoratidza nhoroondo zvikamu, chakarairwa pamusoro tenzi womuenzaniso.

Hazvibviri kuramba nomupiro guru akaita kuti pave Russian uye nyika chivezwa Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. zvivezwa ake vane nyore, yakaderera-kiyi, asi panguva imwe chete zvikuru pachavo werudzii maitiro. The pamazita mabasa anosanganisira Monuments of yakakurumbira nyanduri AS Pushkin uye MY Lermontov, zvakasikwa Karl of Baer uye Admiral Greig, mumwe bust pamusoro Countess Shuvalov uye Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Gare gare, Zvisinei, kuvatsoropodzi nomuvezi okugadzira zvinhu rwunoonekwa zvishoma ibudirire uye kuratidza. Somuenzaniso, imwe shongwe Emperor Alexander III haana zvikuru chaizvo chaizvo venguva yake.

Statue Petro I

Opekushin ainakidzwa kushanda pamwe mufananidzo zvenzombe vakakurumbira evanhu. Zvikurukuru kubudirira akanga basa rake vakazvipira kuna Peter I. The chifananidzo zvinoratidzira mambo agere pachigaro chake yunifomu majombo.

Muvezi zvinoshamisa vakakwanisa utape zvinhu asina kufunga uye kufamba hunhu pamwe Petr Veliky. Zvisinei, sezvo yave akati, hachisi chete iconic Paaidzidzisa, akasikwa kubudikidza muuki.

The shongwe Pushkin

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa vakasikwa Opekushin - Pushkin Monument. Nokuti ake pakusikwa muvezi rakatanga muna 1872, wakati kukandwa mamwe mabasa ose. Long makore matatu zvaida kutanga gadzira pamusoro shongwe. Kuti izvi zvidaro, tenzi aifanira kudzidza vanopfuura gumi nevaviri Portraits Nyanduri uye basa rake. Pashure Opekushin candidacy mvumo muna 1875, akatanga gadzira yacho Implementation. The vabatsiri vakatora muvezi mapurani I. Bogomolov.

makore mashanu chete gare gare, basa rose rakanga rapera. Uye June 6, 1880 musi Tverskoy Boulevard muMoscow akanga pamutemo akazarura shongwe huru nyanduri Russian AS Pushkin. The wendarira Monument inokwira majestically pamusoro yakatanhamara uye pakarepo zvakakonzera kwakapararira kufara pakati vomuguta.

Uye nhasi nyanduri Russian ari kugadzira yendarira achifunga pamire mumwe mumigwagwa guru iri yakashongedzwa jasi, pamusoro izvo navanopinda-neminda nejasi. Munzvimbo yake vainzwa vakasununguka mupfungwa. Zvishomanana kurereka musoro uye maziso kuratidza kufemera Pushkin uye anokudzwa ukuru.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin Monument ichaongororwa rimwe zvakakura uye chinzvimbo basa, kuti Implementation izvo hazvina paakapiwa kwete chete nguva yavo uye nesimba, asi chikamu mweya wake, rudo enhetembo unyanzvi.

shongwe Lermontov

Muna 1889, akataura kuti kusikwa mumwe nyanduri akakurumbira Russian, uye akavaka shongwe Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk. sezvamunoita Its ari pamwe akabatwa uye kusingaperi tsime rakafuridzirwa uye pfungwa Nyanduri - kuCaucasus.

Kutarisa akakura Lermontov, nokusaziva ndinoerekana uchifunga kuti nyanduri pashure famba uye akagara pasi padombo, musoro wake, kumuyemura chando-chena nguwani dzamakomo. Meso ake akaratidza kufungisisa uye kurudziro. Vamwe Fans chivezwa vakafunga kuti shongwe Nyanduri Lermontov ichifananidzwa akasuruvara chaizvo uye dzakashata, unopinza zvinhu. Panguva iyoyo, sezvo Portraits hurukuro yake zvakawanda pamusoro softness. Zvisinei, zviri kusikwa the artist mune mumwe nenzira uye maonero uye akasiya chishongo muguta.

Monument of Muraviev-Amur

Kudeuka Kukura pakuvaka pre-echimurenga Russia uye pamabasa Opekushin (16 metres mukuru) yava shongwe Count Muraviev-Amur - gavhuna Eastern kweSiberia. Pashure pokufa kwake muna 1881, Mambo Alexander III akasarudza pakuyeuka anofungidzirwa. Naizvozvo, muna 1886, iye akazivisa makwikwi vavezi vemabwe. Pakati pavo Aivawo "yendarama nevatatu" Mikeshin, Antokolsky uye Opekushin.

Project Alexander kuzivikanwa sezvo yakanakisisa. Bookmark ari Monument kwakaitika muna 1888, uye makore matatu gare gare zvakanzi pamutemo yakavhurwa mugore Khabarovsk uye yakaiswa panguva Khabarovsk padombo. Figure count akamira pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda, meso ake akanga rinotungamirirwa akananga China. The nechigadziko iri yakashongedzwa chokurangaridza plaques shanu mazita vatariri vanhuwo zvavo vaiita basa iri accession kusvika Amur mudunhu Russia. Zvisinei, muna 1925, maererano "Chirevo pamusoro pazvivako," iri shongwe yakaputswa uye akaisa muna miziyamu, uye gare gare kucheka kuti chinyorwa.

decoration chivezwa

A kanoda mabasa decoration chivezwa Opekushin inogarwa. Zvakanga iye akanga chinhu chake uchizvichenjerera, kuvandudzika uye chikuru kunobva mari. Zviri rutendo kwaari Alexander panguva muduku akanga azivikanwa unyanzvi modelers.

Pashure nounyanzvi Achipa Bhanabhasi-reliefs uye akakurumbira nomwe manhamba kuti shongwe Catherine II muSt Petersburg akarairwa kuti ape Opekushin Royal Masuo nokuti iconostasis ari Cathedral Yorumuko. Iye kurarama nayo nounyanzvi.

musoro kusvika ane anokunyengedzera kupangidza unhu kuchengetwa asian busts, izvo zvakasikwa nomuvezi. Nemamwe Copyright mabasa decoration Ndimi zvivezwa kusimbisa mifananidzo expressiveness mifananidzo uye akanaka, nyoro pemitsara.

Awards uye mazita

• Pandaidzidza panguva Imperial Academy of Arts Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich akagamuchira mubairo wake wokutanga - yesirivha menduru - nokuti kwazvo mabasa ose Bhanabhasi-zororo iri zvebhaibheri dingindira.
• Muna 1864, nokuti yokunyora nokudhirowa ose mifananidzo "Belisarius" uye "Cupid uye psyche" muvezi kwaitsigirwa neklassnogo Artist. Makore mashanu akazotevera akanga akatsigira kuti chinzvimbo ichi kuti kirasi Artist 2 inegumi, uye akazopiwa 1 dhigirii.
• Rinonyatsooneka budiriro waiva musoro academician, iyo Opekushin akanga paakavapa muna 1872. Imperial Academy of Arts Akanaka yaisanganisira nayo chikamu nokuda zvedzidzo ake kuita uye chinokosha ehurumende-youduku mabasa: a bust of Crown Prince uye chifananidzo Petra Velikogo.
• Zvegore, Alexander Mikhailovich Society zvakasikwa yakanga paakavapa chendarama menduru wandei Category mabasa.
• Opekushin okukunda vaiva renyika dzakawanda. Mumwe zvikuru nokubudirira aiva mubairo wokutanga, akagamuchira nazvo muEstonia, Tartu (zvino Dorpat) nokuti pakusikwa shongwe Karl Baer. Opekushin ndima chete makwikwi akanga akapindwa vavezi vemabwe kubva Europe uye America.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Muna 1978, pakuyeuka nomuvezi (140th gore rake) yakabudiswa hwezvaizoitika (zvinoyevedza) hamvuropu pamwe asian ake pamusoro obverse.
• Muna 1986, muongorori wenyeredzi Lyudmila Chernykh yakawanikwa asteroid, iyo inonzi mushure Russian muvezi.
• Kubvira 1993, hunoshamisa tsika Nhamba zvinoitirwa pagore Yaroslavl mubayiro ainzi Opekushin.
• Muna 2013 akabudisa bhuku Olgi Davydovoy nezvoupenyu uye basa nomuvezi. Nenzira, munyori akaramba rakabudiswa essays pamusoro Opekushin. Bhuku iri rine rondedzero rinonyatsooneka nguva upenyu uye mabasa vatenzi kukuru. Kusika zvakatora makore anenge 30. Uye chikonzero bhuku vakashumira maviri chete misi: racho 175th gore kuberekwa Opekushin (maererano zvinyorwa, akaberekwa muna 1833) uye rechi90 raiyeukwa rufu rwake.

PS

The muenzaniso akaratidza nyika Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Biography ake uye kubudirira mune unyanzvi - zvechokwadi Feat ane serf. Aiva mumwe wokutanga kuenda kunorwisa magariro, uye akaratidza kuti chero munzanga kana zvimwe mitemo hazvikutadzisi munhu kuita zvinhu iwe rudo nokusika chinhu chakanaka, nokusingaperi kusiya ndangariro pachakwo pamusoro ino. Uye regai munhu Russian muvezi pashure vakawanda dzokurumbidza uye mazita kukanganwika kwemakore anoverengeka, vatsoropodzi kutenda aitodada nawo akakura uye sculptural uri yakatsarukanainokosha yakadzika uye asina ndangariro miganhu.