Pamutemo Impact Assessment: mifananidzo, madzidzisiro, maitiro

Nzira yacho pamutemo zvazvinoita kuongororwa - chaiyo kuongorora zvinangwa uye voruzhinji (miganhu) utungamiriri nyaya. In kuumbwa anotsvaka nzira embodiments zvinangwa, tsanangudzo nyaya zvakanakira uye mari ezvokutengeserana uye mamwe mabasa, ivo vatengi, vari pasi administrative simba. Kunoitawo kuti utange inobudirira zvikuru utariri purogiramu. Next, funga mashoko pamutemo aaiitawo kupima nzira.

tsananguro

Pamutemo Impact Assessment rinoitwa kuwedzera kudzorwa yepamusoro. Kuti vawane chinangwa ichi uchishandisa uchida pamutemo kuongorora zvinokonzerwa nezvainoita akasiyana evanhu mapoka uye nzanga yose zvayo. Nhasi, hakuna yunifomu nzira pamutemo aaiitawo kupima. Mune dzimwe nyika, ongororo iyi yakatarwa mutemo. Somuenzaniso, mubumbiro pamusoro Switzerland, France, rine akakodzera zvokudya. Panguva maitiro pamutemo zvazvinoita kuongororwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana enyika nemamiriro mamiriro. Zvakafanana kukosha pakusarudza imwe nzira uye avo vari munzvimbo kuti anotaura ongororo iyi. Panyaya iyi, siyana uye nzira yacho pamutemo aaiitawo kuongororwa.

kupatsanura

Mhando pamutemo zvazvinoita kupima zvinosiyana zvichienderana ezvinhu okuzivisa yayo munyika. Somuenzaniso, muna Czech Republic, South Korea, Somuenzaniso, nesimba ODS haina inopiwa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo yakazivisa mukuru nzira pasi iyo kuongorora kutaurwa panguva uchapupu kubudirira kwayo. Mamwe pamutemo zvazvinoita kupima zvine chokuita zvakananga kuitwa mitemo. Zvikurukuru, muCanada uye US Somuenzaniso, ODS rinoitwa mu bhuku urongwa zvekushandisa kubva bhajeti. The pamutemo Impact kupima akaita Netherlands uye UK mukuita yakakodzera administrative mutemo.

Huru muzvikamu

Kutungamirirwa Instructional zvinhu PB Australian Department ndiro hwakakwana simba, pamutemo kukanganisa kuongororwa kunosanganisira matanho ose:

1. Pfungwa uye rondedzero dambudziko.
2. The uchapupu kudiwa pamusoro Implementation pakati ODS.
3. Kuziva nzira inoguma.
4. Description pangava embodiments ari mabasa.
5. Analysis emamwe kunotsanangurwa (kusanganisira, kubudikidza dzinoongorora zvakanakira uye mari).
6. Yokubvunza.
7. Mhedziso pamusoro pamutemo zvazvinoita kuongororwa.
8. Kuuraya of akasarudza emamwe kwaizotevera zvichiongororwa.

The zvemitemo framework

Kuti pave Presidential ndizvo 7.05.2012 yakazokudziridzwa uye mvumo Federal Law, izvo anosarudza kuchinja yeUnited mutemo pave mukuru nenheyo mumiririri uye Executive zvitunha mamiriro simba RF kumatunhu uye Art. 46 ne7 Federal Mutemo inodzora mukuru dzekuziva nadzo sangano iri miganhu (local) kuzvitonga muna Russian Federation. kugadzirisa izvi chokuita nyaya pamutemo zvazvinoita kupima nemirau yavo unyanzvi. Mutemo envisaged nenzvimbo purogiramu kuongorora zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa wakagadzirira mudunhu uye makanzuru munyika. Uyezve, nokudzorwa nemitemo kuita kuongorora aripo mirayiro. Chinangwa zvokuwedzera izvi anoita kupa ruzivo uye rubatsiro methodological kuti matunhu neminisiparati idzodzo pamusoro Implementation ari pamutemo tinyatsonzwisisa kuti Institute kuchinja ari zvemitemo muitiro.

The specificity of mugumisiro

The chatingatevedzera mamiriro ezvoupfumi mutemo nhasi, kubudirira socio-zvoupfumi munyika. Mitumbi wehurumende Kutarisirwa vanofanira kushandisa hurongwa nzira kuti aizoita kuti tikwanise nechokwadi kunonyanyisa kunyatsoshanda pamusoro zvemitemo muitiro. Vasina chenhando murau isakarurama kunokanganisa mamiriro munzanga. Kana kushaya yakajeka pamutemo kukanganisa, matunhu mari zvaidiwa vakagamuchira zvaanoda vagari uye mabhizimisi, rakaoma nokuda nedanho paruzhinji kutarisira nechokwadi inowedzerawo. Zvose izvi pakupedzisira inotungamirira kukundikana kuzadzisa zvinangwa.

The specificity pamusoro dzemunharaunda

Vazhinji pamutemo mabasa ari mamiriro murau, izvo dzinokudziridzwa uye vagamuchirwa panguva yeUnited matunhu neminisiparati kwevari subjectivity, kunokanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana munzanga strata. Panyaya iyi, panguva pokumuka mabasa avo anofanira kufunga zvinhu zvizhinji kuti chokuita zvichida migumisiro Implementation yavo tsika mumwe kana mumwe muboka vanhu. Pamwe izvi, panguva ino, nzira dzakawanda dzokuteerera zvinogona chakavanzwa kana zvakaoma zvakakwana kuona pakutanga kuona. Saka, munguva mureza-zvakamira zvigadziriswe inodiwa iyo kuona zvakananga boka, izvo vanoshandurwa, uye hunhu hwake. Somumwe munowanika chete makabuda pamutemo zvazvinoita kupima.

zvinhu mabasa

Pamutemo Impact Assessment inosanganisira kuziviswa matambudziko uye zvinangwa kunyengera kuziva embodiments siyana, uye enzanisa kwavari kusarudza zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Sevanhu chikamu ODS ndivo yokubvunza wekuongorora vanofarira. Ndiyo nzira yakarurama kwazvo kuona kunge akanaka uye kunaka kuzvidzora zvabuda. Maererano mhedziso iyi zvaitwa nemutoo uye pamusoro pamutemo zvazvinoita kuongororwa. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti ODS haasi nopindirana kune chakaipa rulemaking rikurumidze. Ongororo iyi kushanda mudziyo kufambisa Kutama chisarudzo. Pasinei nokuti ODS kunoda vamwe zvakavabatsirei kubva Developers raidiwa pamutemo zviito, zvichiguma uvandudze rakanaka kudzora maturo anova kunyatsooneka.

Kuva ODS Institute muRussia uye dzimwe Kishi nyika

The ngakuite nzira rakatangwa muna inoti kutanga kuchinja. Pakati pavo vane zvinoverengeka Kishi nyika. In nomumwe mamiriro, muitiro anotakura zita rayo. Somuenzaniso:

• Kazakhstan - was kupima mitemo iri socio-upfumi bhora.
• Kyrgyzstan - kuongorora matambudziko pamutemo pamutemo mabasa.
• Uzbekistan - kwegadziriro dzinoongorora kwechirwere zvemitemo zviito (Ria).

Mune Russian Federation ari mutyairi sandara, okusuma kuongorora ODS mitemo yakaitwa muna 2006 mune nyaya dzakawanda. Kunyanya, mapurogiramu rakatangwa muna North Ossetia, Kalmykia, Tatarstan. Uyewo zvidzidzo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzave Akaitirawo pakusuma panguva batana chechetere. Muna March 2010, Hurumende Commission pamusoro Administrative Reform, kwakasarudzwa kumupa masimba Economic Development kuumba ODS nzira uye kwavakazoita Implementation mune tsika, kusanganisira paumbwe wedhipatimendi itsva. Muna May wegore iroro rakanga aifarirwa chirevo, iyo pave nokuchinja nhamba mabasa RF Government. Kuburikidza kwayo of facto ODS Institute akatanga, uye chikuru nokudzora muviri anova Ministry of Economic Development. Muna July 2010, Dhipatimendi yakaumbwa rokuongorora pamutemo zvazvinoita.

Kuongororwa kunobatsira uye mari

chikamu ichi pamutemo zvazvinoita kuongororwa ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma uye, panguva imwecheteyo, kiyi. Kazhinji, asi vaida Implementation pamusoro uchida uye kwakakwana kuongorora zvose mari uye zvakanakira mumwe zvakananga zvinobvumidzwa nzira. In tsika nyanzvi kazhinji vanoedza pakati nepakati kukosha mari (quantitative) kumiririrwa yokufambisa uye zvakanakira uye mari zvakananga kuita pakati ongororo iyi. Setsika, ari kuongorora rinoitwa pamusoro zvinotevera mapoka vanokanganiswa:

1. State.
2. Business.
3. Company.

Pamwe ekisiposha ichi hunonyatsodonongodza Mapato kana aunonyanya dzimwe subgroups. Somuenzaniso: matambudziko bhizimisi duku, zvakatipoteredza uye zvichingodaro. Kana mari kuongorora zvinokonzerwa hazvibviri, asi zvinokwanisika kufungidzira mumuviri migumisiro, asi "mari -produktivnost" nzira rinogona kushandisirwa.

Social dhisikaundi zvazvingava

Nokuti kuti matambudziko ari pamutemo kuita mamiriro upfumi haisi imwe chete uye kuparadzirwa munguva, munzvimbo nedanho monetization ose zvikomborero uye mari, panofanira kuva kuchinja. Nokuti ichi chinangwa vanonzi dhisikaundi unodiwa. Kutsunga kukosha kwayo kuripowo vaiona nyore ari Implementation pamusoro ODS.