Paradigm - tsananguro iyi hwaro nesayenzi

Paradigm - dzakaunganidzwa akasiyana maonero, pfungwa uye pfungwa chokuita yemashoko matambudziko uye nzira kuagadzirisa. Under tsanangudzo uyu zvinoreva hurongwa kutsvakurudza nzira vakagamuchirwa mune imwe nhoroondo nguva munharaunda sayenzi. Panguva iyoyo ndivo hwaro nenzanga Vatsvakurudzi pose. Kana isu kuzoumba zvinorehwa neshoko "paradigm" zviri nyore, ndiye muenzaniso yepakutanga kana dhayagiramu dambudziko uye sei kuti kuzvigadzirisa. Izwi iri rinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa Sociological nouzivi yeChina.

Zvachose vose parizvino anozivikanwa sainzi vaida nguva yokuti paumbwe uye kukura. Kamwe dzinokosha pfungwa dziri kuumbwa, uye nguva kukura rosvika nguva kuenda paradigmatic chinzvimbo. Imwe neimwe sayenzi zvinodiwa urefu ichi nguva yakasiyana, zvose zvinoenderana yokukurumidzira dzavo uye kushanda munzanga. Paradigm - chivakwa kunotsanangurwa kuti rine pfungwa nyaya nesayenzi, ayo nzira uye zvokufungidzira.

Mumwe sainzi rinopfuura mukuru mana nzendo:

- 1st Danho iri kuunganidza mukati mumwe paradigm pakati yaivapo ruzivo.

- Stage 2 kunoratidzwa vanokara mamiriro, sezvo iripo ruzivo asingadi kutsanangura yesayenzi uchapupu yakawanikwa panguva kuferefeta.

- Danho rechitatu inguva dambudziko, kana totaura nguva kuti paradigm mutsva kutsiva tsaru.

- 4th Danho - chimurenga.

Kune mhando zvakawanda paradigms. Vamwe zvakagadzirirwa kupembedza nezvokuti nei vamwe sayenzi inofanira dzinounzwa mamiriro kuzvida. The Pfungwa yechipiri imwe nhoroondo yakareba umo paumbwe uye kukura nedzidziso. Somunhu paradigm - nzanga nesayenzi, kukura pane imwe padanho sayenzi. Hazvigoni kuenzaniswa dzidziso nokuti nezvaanogona ayo zvimwe zvikuru. Mukati paradigm anogona usimbiswe Mapato kwesayenzi, izvozvo anosika mufananidzo yacho, rinotsanangura hunhu chinhu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa mhando dzavo dzakasiyana uye avake mapfumo uwandu dzidziso.

Paradigm wemagariro evanhu rakakamurwa zvitatu marudzi. Wokutanga chokuita evanhu facts, vose evanhu ipfupi mapoka maviri chete: masangano uye ezvirevo. Panewo paradigm evanhu tsanangudzo. Muchiitiko ichi hachisi chokwadi huru pfungwa, sezvo vakadaro, asi nzira yavanofanira zvinowanika uye vanozivikanwa. Kana vanhu zvinowirirana nemaonero kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviri zvechokwadi, ipapo chaizvo. Users anokwanisa kuridza basa vatambi uye kuongorora kufungisisa pamusoro hunhu anotsanangura tsika, nemasaini kuti muri mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvakananga kuna evanhu chokwadi.

Paradigm - ndiwo zvakare kudzidza evanhu maitiro. Hurongwa kwakadaro ndechokuti akakodzera kuzvikoro American. Zvinonzi kwakavakirwa pakuongorora uye hwakadzama kudzidza evanhu maitiro uye mafungiro zvinhu chokuita nayo. Kana munhu ari kuita zvakanaka, uye kuita vanhu anotarisira, uye mubayiro achida tigutswe pazviri. Kana ari hwounzenza mararamiro wakamirira chirango nokuda. Zvikoro American wemagariro evanhu wakapedzera nyaya iyi yakawanda basa yesayenzi uye kutsvakurudza munharaunda iyi.