People & Society: dzevanhu unhu munyika

Society - rudzi chaizvoizvo kuti hatina kusarudza, havaumbi uye haagoni kuzvidzora, asi anodzora isu, uye kusvika pamwero ushe nesu. "Human Features munzanga - chii?" - You kubvunza. Mhinduro yomubvunzo anopa nyaya ino. Muchaiswa kukumbirwa kutarisa nyaya iyi yakaoma kunzwisisa vega nei paine uye kwete zvimwe, uye kana tinogona kuchinja chinhu.

Chii vanhu?

Zvinoitwa nevanhu nzanga zvikuru kunzwisisa uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Society chinhu chisinganzwisisiki yakaumbwa sezvo hurongwa zvose zvakaoma, kubata munhu muzvizhinji kuti kusiyaniswa chikamu zvikamu. More chaizvo, hazvina achiumbwa nokuda nekuita pakudyidzana vanhu, vachitevera kwavo dzinongoitika nomunhu zvakakodzera. Zvinoitwa munzanga, vanhu vakazvimiririra uye hunhu hwevanhu vari interconnected.

Isu, vanhu, ndiko kunzwisisa zvisikwa vakarongeka. Kuoma kunzwisisa vanhu kunooneka yayo Multi-dimensional remitemo, akasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Pakati zvakawanda zvine chokuita nayo vari akadai zvaichengetedza, kuti makwikwi, kudiwa kukurukurirana, munhu yeruramisiro nenyota rusununguko. Kunyange zvakadaro, maitiro edu zvikurukuru safunga, sezvo, pasinei nokuti munhu akapiwa chikonzero, akanyatsorongwa ake zvinodiwa kutimanikidza kutevera mupfungwa pakati zvaichengetedza, makwikwi, zvisinei zvinodiwa chokwadi uye zvisingarambiki. Zvakawanda evanhu, mukuwedzera, vane dzinopesana, dzinopesana. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, tinofanira kurwa nguva dzose uye kurerutsa kutamburira Somuenzaniso, pakati chido simba uye kusununguka, kuenzanirana uye kururamisira.

Sezvo kunzwisisa - zvakasikwa pfuma upi zvakasikwa, nzanga kutanga anochengeta waifarirwa zvivako uye mitemo zvinochinja, nevanhu vose dzakaoma nehurongwa. zvivako izvi uye mapatani dzinogona kurondwa zvese wegadziriro, kutangira kubva mhuri uye anopera nyika, masangano munyika yose. Zvinoitwa munzanga vanofanirawo kufunga zvakawanda zvinhu.

Complex hurongwa vanoonekwa vari kuti ivo vasiri Linear, i.e. maitiro yose yezvinhu harimuki kubva zvakaitwa ayo nomumwe wemigove, uye haagoni se pakuverengwa kwavo. Nonlinearity kunzwisisa hurongwa chokuita ehupfumi maviri: vane nezvimwewo uye irreducible. Kwakadaro hurongwa hazvigoni kuderedzwa nokuda maitiro avo zvavo kwakatosiyana vakaverenga constituent zvikamu nemaitiro. Kutaura zvazviri, kana inofambiswa ukama huripo, maitiro rose kunokanganisa unhu chikamu, uye vakutarisire. Saka sezvo vanhu kunokanganisa munhu, hapana munhu hazvigoni kure nayo. Society, sezvinoita zvose kunzwisisa hurongwa, kuita yose uye hazvigoni kudzorwa nevanhu. Vanhu vanogona chete kuchinja navo uye kupindurawo siyana zviitiko ndinoumba hurongwa, asi haagoni kuzvidzora.

Complex hurongwa vari nezvimwewo. In nonlinear hurongwa, zvishoma shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukonzera asingatarisirwi kuchinja makuru. The vanhu variko chinhu chakadaro. Zviitiko siyana, mabasa kunotungamirira kamwe, isingatarisirwi uye dzimwe nguva asingagamuchirwi nemigumisiro.

Chimwe chikonzero unpredictability kunzwisisa hurongwa ndechokuti dzinowanzova chinhu mukana sezvo zvinonyatsorehwa chinoratidza vanhu. Muenzaniso anogona kupiwa sezvinotevera: sezvo kunzwisisa mamiriro anomiririra muhutongi masvosve. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti vose masvosve enda kunotsvaka zvokudya kwakasiyana-siyana. maitiro Izvi zvinoita nyuchi kuwana kudya nani. Munzanga yevanhu, pane zvakare chinhu netsaona. Culture Somuenzaniso, ane simba guru zvinodiwa vanhu, asi izvozvo zvinogona kuumbwa involuntary zvachose uye chero chijana zviitiko.

The nemamiriro ezvinhu

Complex hurongwa, vose zvavo, handina kunyatsoteerera tsanangudzo, hazvibviri kutaura chaizvo zita. Zvinoitwa munzanga - zvikuru kunzwisisa abstraction. Kureva kuongorora izvozvo, tinofanira kuvaka muenzaniso Chakarerutswa. Mune ramangwana, tichakurukura muenzaniso vanhu, kwakavakirwa inonyatsozivikanwa zvechechi, tsika uye socio-mamiriro ezveupfumi, uyewo avo nekuita kuchinja kwevanhu.

mumagariro mamiriro

Imwe neimwe zvinoumba nzanga (socio-zvoupfumi, tsika, masangano uye vanhu) pachahwo kunzwisisa sangano inoumbwa tichibatanidza uye pakudyidzana nyore zvinoriumba. Zveupfumi murayiro inoumbwa mubatanidzwa basa, zvemagariro noukama uye pachako basa. The zvechechi chinotaurwa zvinosanganisira paruzhinji uye pasiri masangano. Culture kunosanganisira ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uzivi uye tsika. Human hunhu uyewo aumba kubva kukurukurirana pamusoro enhaka hunhu uye ayo kukura mune imwe nomumwe. saka Zvinoitwa munzanga inonzi rinokosha rokuti "unhu".

Kufanana zvose kunzwisisa hurongwa, asi nzanga irreducible. Uyu kunzwisisa rose hazvigoni kuderedzwa kuti chero zvinhu zvinovasiyanisa yevanhu muvanhu hakurevi maitiro nzanga yose. Chero utsanangurirwe vanhu kubva pfungwa nemaonero chimwe, ingava netsika, hunhu hwevanhu, kutamburira simba kana masangano akasiyana-siyana zviri kukwana. It, sezvinoita zvose kunzwisisa hurongwa, zvakakodzera kufunga kukurukurirana pamusoro hukuru siyana, pova chete chikwata uye haagoni kuderedzwa.

Uye, sezvo mune dzimwe gadziriro yakafanana, ayo chinoumba zvikamu havapo oga, ari oga asi inofanira kukurukurwa toreva yavo vamwe yose.

hierarchical mamiriro

Chinhu chinokosha chine chokuita nevanhu munzanga sangano iri kwayo hierarchical marongerwo. All marudzi evanhu sangano, kubva nzanga vavhimi uye vemizambiringa kune imwe yepamusoro budiriro, dzinoratidzwa dzisakarurama kugovera simba uye akanyatsorongwa. Havasi vose zvakafanana vakuru. Vamwe vane simba centralized simba uye kirasi kupesana a. Vamwe, vakadai Society of vavhimi uye vaunganidzi, zvisinganyanyi kutwasuka, zvikuru gutsaruzhinji, uye murege kunyange vatungamiriri zvachose. Asi ivo vose vane zvimwe: kugovera simba mavari anogara gogonera. Pane nguva dzose rave nemauto, zvingava varume, vatungamiri, madzinza, vanorapa uye nevamwe.

The chaivo chikonzero kuvapo vakuru vakuru nhema wedu zvemakwikwi hunhu. The makwikwi ndeimwe zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa evanhu. Uye vazhinji ayo zvinoumba uye pakati kusawirirana uye kwikwidza. Somuenzaniso, zvakasikwa, tinovavarira kwete chete kukwikwidzana, asi kutaura. Kuti, pachisikirwo, tinofanira kuti ribatane uye correlated nevamwe uye panguva imwecheteyo kukwikwidzana navo. Human makwikwi kutimanikidza kuronga iri nemamiriro dzisakarurama kuparadzirwa simba. Vakuru vakuru mu iyi - chinhu chisingadzivisiki chinhu mumagariro sangano.

vanhu basa

Kusiyana zvinenge kana misha vane maitiro anoenderana mashandiro kuitwa mabasa, voruzhinji hazvina kunyanya basa.

Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo izvi hazvisi kubatsira dzimwe nguva, magariro evanhu vane chinhu kuti dzinowanzotsigi- pakutsvaga sechivako zvematongerwo enyika. Social enyika ane hierarchical chivako basa vabatsirwe vevamire pamusoro vakuru vakuru, tichiregeredza nevaya vari pasi.

Pfungwa yokuti vanhu aripo kubatsira mumwe nomumwe yakakanganiswa. The magariro anogona kushanda abatsire uye pakukuvadza munhu. Nzira zvichaita kushanda mune imwe nyaya kunobva anongoitika uye zvemasanga munhau. The kuedza vanhu kudzora kana kuti kugadzira hurongwa, ave mutemo, kutungamirira kupedzisira uye kazhinji varwadziwe.

Zvinoita kuti chinangwa enzanisa nzanga zvakasiyana?

Kusiyana relativistic zvaunodavira, maitiro inogona dzinoongororwa chinangwa uye kuenzaniswa tichitarisa zvakanakira kuti vauye wacho. Sezvambotaurwa, kune hurongwa hazvina basa, saka vanogona kumhanya vose vabatsirwe uye pakukuvadza munhu. vamwe vavo zvakanaka nzvimbo iyi. Other chakaipa. Mimwe michina vari nani kupfuura vamwe.

A akanaka ezvinhu - mumwe chinowedzera zvavo zvakanaka. Poor vanhu kukuvadza kana kubatsira zvakanaka dzimwe tichiregeredza vamwe, nokuti munhu hunhu vamwe vanhu munyika dzose chinoreva weboka iri.

Tingaita sei kuchinja vanhu?

Chii hunhu kwevanhu? Mhinduro hakusi nyore. Takatanga ino nokutaura kuti vanhu hatidi kusarudza, havaumbi uye haagoni kuzvidzora, asi anodzora upenyu nomumwe wedu. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti yakazvimirira hurongwa kuti anodzora vanhu uye kuzviraira kudzora? Ndinogona kushandura munzanga yatiri kurarama?

The Musoro "murume uye voruzhinji" agara Akakwezva vezvematongerwe enyika evanhu. Mumashoko Noam Chomsky, magariro "haina kuisa mu ibwe." Hapana nei vanhu vaigona kuchinja navo. Tinofanira kukwanisa kusarudza magariro kuti Achashanda vabatsirwe vanhu. Zvinoitwa munzanga - ndiyo nyaya chokuita wose.

Zvisinei, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana hakusi nyore kushandisa. Chokutanga, vanhu varege kushandura maitiro pachako. seboka matanho chete kungaita kuti kuchinja mairi. A seboka chiito Zvakaoma kuronga nokuti munhu kuziva, sezvinoita mutemo, vakasimuka kuva chikamu hurongwa, mukasaramba naro. Chechipiri, vaya vanobatsirwa hurongwa mudukusa kubatsirwa uye ane zvikuru zvikonzero zvokuda kushandura izvozvo, muri kare mudukusa simba.

Pakuti munhu anofanira kuva anokonzera vanhu?

Kazhinji, mutoro vanhu yakaderera chaizvo. Pashure pezvose, kana isu kazhinji chete kujeka nokunzwisisa kwake hunhu, uye anokwanisa kudzora zviri kwazvo zvishoma, saka kuti tinogona kutaura nyaya yakaoma, sezvo nzanga muupenyu hwevanhu? Zvisinei, pasinei nezvinetso zvokukwegura kuita kuti vane vanhu anokonzera nanhasi iripo.

Zvinoitwa munzanga kuti mwero basa pfungwa

Zviri avo vedu vari pamusoro vakuru vakuru, vane basa mukurusa. Avanotarisira kuva yepamusoro zvedzidzo, utano, mikana, zvinhu uye simba kuti nekuita kuchinja. Asi panguva imwe chete, ndivo muduku zvichida kukwanisa kuvandudza hurongwa. Izvi nokuti zvinobva mairi mukuru zvakanakira uye saka vachachiramba shanduko uye havatsigiri kuchinja, izvo anokuvadza zvavanofarira. Uyezve, nzira mafungiro vanhu vakadai somunhu mutemo, kunyimwa zvinokosha yakaoma uye Analytical chinzvimbo. The yakakwirira munhu inokwira vakuru vakuru, ndipo kunoita kuenzaniswa hurongwa kudzivirira simba ravo.

Rezasi munhu pamusoro hierarchical pachiyero, rezasi basa murume munzanga, kashoma iye basa, sezvo kazhinji ine pasi azvipire dzidzo, utano, pfuma, isina mano uye simba kuchinja. Uyezve, vanhu vakadaro vari kazhinji zvinomukira, ivo zvinodzorwa nevaya vari kumusoro. Vanofanira kutarisira kutanga pamusoro zvavo zvinokosha uye pakarepo zvinodiwa. The Musoro "murume uye vanhu" navo sezvo hazvina kuwanikwa.

Middle strata nzanga vari rinenge basa rakafanana vaya vari pamusoro vakuru vakuru. Rwakadini basa iri inversely Proportional kune wehunyambiri nzvimbo yaro, uyewo basa wacho munzanga. Kuti achengetedze simba ravo, muromo nzanga achaedza kuita kuti makirasi pakati kunge okugutsikana (sapamazuva dzakaderera hierarchies, iye achava kuedza kutarisira rezasi akaturikidzana). Naizvozvo, makirasi pakati kubatsirwa ano ezvinhu, pamwe pakukwanisa kwayo, zvinhu uye simba guru, saka kuudza basa pamwe pamusoro kwenzanga. Kusiyana vapedzisira, hazvina vanokwanisa kuchinja maitiro, zvidzidzo pakati pamusoro mukana uyu uye pfuma. Zvisinei, muhondo yavo nesimba, avanotarisira kuchinja negadziriro uye kuita zvinodiwa nevaya vari pamusoro, kuona kuti Mvumo wegadziriro. Zvinoitwa munzanga - ndiko kuti zvikuru hana dzavo.

Kusaziva hapana kuzvipembedza

Kusaziva, kushaya njere hakurevi kusunungura pamusoro uye pakati akaturikidzana munzanga kubva basa. Kusiyana rapazasi strata, ivo vanokwanisa uye zvokushandisa kunzwisisa maitiro uye kushanda pamusoro payo. Kana hurongwa yakaipa, Saka, achichinja kuita izvozvo, vanoita kuti kwerunyararo ayo yasakara. Pasinei hana seboka panyaya rationalization, kururamiswa kana vachifungawo hurongwa kukuvadza, vanhu vachiri kuramba basa mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Society muupenyu hwevanhu inoita basa rinokosha, uye isu tose kutakura basa nokuti.

In dzisakarurama nzanga, dambudziko hurongwa hakuiti Kazhinji kukanda vanhu kubva kumusoro kana rezasi strata munzanga, uye kuti vashomanana yapakati layer izvo anosarudza adzivirire rusununguko, kururamisira, kuenzana uye zvinodiwa avo pazasi, kwezvizvarwa yemberi uye zvakatipoteredza. Kunyange zvazvo nhengo dzakawanda pakati strata munzanga, sezvinoita mutemo, Kurumidzai ajairane hurongwa, kunokosha kuti ndivo vaya vasina kuona nayo, harigoni kuva naye kugamuchira, uye vane dzidzo yakakwana, pfuma uye achiedza kuti achamisidzana naye.

The echimurenga kuchinja chabva vanhu vakadaro, kazhinji kutungamirira kune yokutsiva mumwe rudzi neimwe akanyatsorongwa (izvo dzimwe nguva iri kunyange kuipa). Ukuwo, vanhu varambe kuvandudzika wegadziriro kunoitika apo anozviratidza panzvimbo uye vanhu ivavo munyaya nedanho mumagariro kukura.