Pfungwa zviridzwa mari rinobva

Economy nguva dzose chinobatanidza akawandisa misika: kuchengetedzeka, basa, guta guru, uye vamwe vakawanda. Asi zvinhu izvi zvose zvinobatana zvakasiyana-siyana nhumbi zvemari, izvo kushumira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinangwa.

Pfungwa zviridzwa mari rinobva

Upfumi rakazara mashoko chokuita nokushanda kwenhengo imwe gadziriro, sectors, musika zvinhu. Pfungwa nomukaka zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa dzakawanda dzesayenzi minda: wefizikisi, masvomhu, mushonga, nhamba, zvoupfumi, uye vamwe minda. Haikwanise kuita pasina pavo, uye munyika yose nemari hurongwa, kusanganisira musika zvemari uye mari pamusika.

Chii chinorehwa rinobva?

Kazhinji mashoko, rinobva inonzi muchikwata aumba kubva zvakawanda nyore saizi kana chimiro. In masvomhu, pfungwa rinobva kunoderedza nokuwana mashandiro kuburikidza differentiating pakutanga basa. Physics anonzwisisa zvazvingava rinobva kwokuchinja imwe kwacho. Pfungwa zviridzwa mari rinobva uye mashandiro yavanobata, iyo kufanana yezvakaita rinobva rose uye ane zvakananga kushanda ari pamusika zvemari.

Rinobva, kana pfungwa rinobva kuchengetedzeka pamusika zviridzwa

Shoko "rinobva" (kuGermany) pakutanga rinoshandiswa kureva rinobva munhu akarongeka basa, asi pakazosvika zana remakore mid-ramakumi hwakada kugara musika mari, uye akapotsa vakarasikirwa yaro yepakutanga rinoreva. Nhasi pfungwa rinobva kuchengetedzeka haisi chete nemarudzi adzo mukufamba tsanangudzo akadai: yechipiri kuchengetedzeka, rinobva rechipiri kurongeka rinobva, zvemari rinobva, nezvimwewo, kuti hakuna zvainoita Kazhinji ...

A rinobva, mumwe mudziyo mari kana 2nd kuitira - chibvumirano wakaiswa-rokuti, riri pakati maviri kana kupfuura mapati, pamutemo kuburikidza Stock Exchange kana kurongwa chete chikamu mari masangano, inobva tsanangudzo remangwana kukosha chinokosha kana munhu mudziyo chaiye wemandorokwati.

Key zviri nomukaka

Tsanangudzo iyi ine zvakawanda kuurongwa, panobva pfungwa uye mhando nomukaka:

1. Derevativ - chibvumirano ichi, kubudirira izvo zviviri kana kupfuura kufarira kumapati kana masangano. Zvichienderana sei pamusika uye, kupfuura zvose, mutengo, rimwe divi achava Kumukundi, vamwe - a muruzi. Izvi hakudzivisiki.
2. chibvumirano zvemari kunogona formalized kubudikidza Stock Exchange kana kunze wemari exchange kutora chikamu makambani uye shamwari dzose namaoko rumwe rutivi uye nemabhengi asiri nebhengi dzemari masangano - rumwe. Kuvapo kana kusavapo mukutsinhana zvikuru anosarudza kuti specificity kuti rinobva.
3. The rinobva rechipiri runyararo mari, uyewo masvomhu, ane nechigadziko kana nheyo. kana chete sayenzi kuderedza zvose nyore basa, pamusika zvemari unoshanda chete zvechokwadi zvinhu. Panguva Stock Exchange chaiyo zvinhu vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina: zvinhu kana chinokosha yesangano (ndohwechokwadi chinokosha mitemo); kuchengetedzeka (mumatanda, zvisungo) uye mumatanda; Currency kwema uye neramangwana (unyanzvi zvibvumirano).
4. Term chesungano - napo mari music zvakasiyana. Pakusarudza musi chaiwo waakaberekwa aurayiwe chesungano kudzivirira zvido uye kuderedza ngozi mativi. Asi sezvo ari kutonga, pfuma kubva ngaakuitirei anowana chete chete.

Rinobva kuchengetedzeka: pfungwa, mifananidzo, chinangwa kushandiswa

A dzakananga chepfungwa Exchange sezvo mumusika chidimbu ndechokuti haana chete anoita mashandiro "Pricing" (ndiko kuri mumashoko vazhinji misika kuzivikanwa nhasi), asiwo mukana inishuwarenzi. Kuti izvi zviitike, mapato dzinobvumirana kupinda chibvumirano uye kuziva musi chaiwo ayo Implementation, kuderedza ngozi vaita Nokurasikirwa mune ramangwana.

Nokuti garandi mamiriro, izvo nechokwadi zvaidiwa wakaiswa-rokuti zvibvumirano, kunongova huru nhatu:

• Neramangwana.
• Forward.
• Hako.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Neramangwana sezvo dzakasiyana-siyana zviridzwa mari rinobva

Neramangwana vaiva mapiyona ari Stock Exchange ave mudziyo zvemari. A pedengu yegorosi uye mupunga Coupons kuti vimbiso vaburitsi zvokurima purofiti, pasinei gore zvakazoonekwa kuti zvibereko kana kwete.

Neramangwana zvibvumirano - pfungwa zviridzwa rinobva zvemari chokuita kwemamiriro chinhu neramangwana kondirakiti waakazvitengesa chaicho twa, muchiitiko ichi, mapato dzinobvumirana chete nenhanho nokufamba ari mutengo kunobatsira uye vari pasi musengwa kuchinjana kusvikira vakura "vaurayiwe."

Nepo chibvumirano ano, mutengo anogona siyana zvikuru zvichienderana upfumi kuchinja, policies, musika mamiriro, kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, mutengo chokuita zvinhu. Buyers vanobatsirwa kana vapfuwi mitengo vari kuvatumwa avo uyo chibvumirano chakanga akapedzisa. NdiEzekieri.

Rinokosha kunaka kurapwa neramangwana (zvikurukuru kuchinjanisa) kuti pakupedzisira wakarambwa zvechokwadi zvinhu uye regai kuratidza mamiriro chaiyo iri upfumi. Mari neramangwana, mumwe reshanu - kukosha chaizvo nhumbi, uye mana-zvikamu - ". Pangozi" mutengo

Forward kana "pamberi" chibvumirano

Forward pamwe nemamwe zvibvumirano zvaisanganisira mu pfungwa rinobva zvemari musika zviridzwa, ayo zvisina chikamu. Nemamwe mashoko, mberi Kashoma kuona pamusoro Stock Exchange, asi kazhinji dzazadziswa zvakananga pakati Entrepreneurs mumwe kana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana upfumi basa.

Forward chibvumirano kana mberi (kubva Chirungu "pamberi.") - chibvumirano pakati mapato romugove kwenhumbi ari kukurairisai chaiyo nguva. Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva tsanangudzo, mberi kazhinji unoshanda chete chinokosha zvinhu panzvimbo kuchengetedzeka kana zviridzwa zvemari. Chimwe musiyano chinokosha kubva mberi nezvimwe zvokushandisa zvinogona vasiri kwezvipimo zvinhu kana kunyange mabasa. The Stock Exchange vanobvumirwa hazvo kuti vakapfuura yakasimba macheki unhu uye zvinodiwa dzakawanda nemitemo. Nokuti nhumbi kunze Stock Exchange, zvinodiwa ichi haushandi. Mutoro chigadzirwa hunogara zvachose Mugoveri uye ngozi - mutengi.

The vakabvumirana mutengo unonzi mberi Delivery mutengo. Munguva izwi chesungano izvozvo haachinji. Asi sezvo izvi zvinoitawo kuti mapato zvimwe zvinetso, Exchange anopa nzira mberi zvibvumirano, ayo zvimwe kunzi, asi chaizvoizvo kufanana mberi: Exchange kutengeserana aine vimbiso nokuda kutenga, kutengeswa uye kutengeserana shoma.

Option zvibvumirano pamusoro Stock Exchange

Korona zviridzwa rinobva zvemari, dzidziso, mhando uye subtypes kuti chisarudzo zvibvumirano. Kusvikira 1973, vakasangana chete pamusoro chinhu exchanges, asi pashure pemakore gumi nerimwe chete okuberekwa vakava yechipiri mukugadzirisa midziyo pamusika mari yose.

Zvino nzira inogona kuva chero kukubatsira: kuchengetedzeka, hunde indices, hazvo, chimbadzo, kutengeserana mari, uye kuti kukosha kupfuura rimwe, mumwe mudziyo zvemari. Option - rinobva wechitatu kurongeka, mumwe superstructure pamusoro dzimwe superstructure zvemari.

Inobva kumusoro, nezvechisarudzo - zviri formalized uye kwezvipimo Exchange chibvumirano wakaiswa-rokuti, vachibvumira mumwe mapato kodzero kuita kana kwete kuita pasi chibvumirano yayo mitoro. Mberi uye neramangwana vanosungirwa kuita nezvechisarudzo - kwete. Nemamwe mashoko, mutengi kana mutengesi kuti pakunamata chesungano achafanira kutenga kana kutengesa chinokosha Exchange, kunyange kana vanoitirana maturo, uye kusarudza anaro anogona kutiza dambudziko iri.

Mukana kuvapo rechitatu-kuitira nomukaka zviri pamusika mari

In mashoko inishuwarenzi pangozi Ipfungwa - inonyatsobudirira zvemari chiridzwa. Ukuwo, Kuwanikwa kusarudza uye nzira iri nzira inoita kuti kuparadzana mari pamusika chaidzo vezvokutengeserana musika kupfuura namajoko chero zvemari. Stock nzira inflated musika unsecured mari, uye zvishoma kuchiratidza kusagadzikana zvakunokura rapanzvimbo yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Nokuti kusagadzikana munyika yose upfumi, izvo mumakore achangopfuura pasi dzinongoitika, zveupfumi uye kwezvematongerwe enyika, izvi ndizvo zvinopfuura zvakakwana. Kwete kure mutsva pose zvoupfumi kuGreece.