Plastic muviri, ayo chaizvoizvo uye basa mumuviri

Plastic muviri nderimwe zita anabolism kana kuitwa, uye muunganidzwa ose enzymatic nokukanganisika siyana kuti kuguma bioorganic yeimwe vari synthesized.

Plastic mukutsinhana kunosanganisira biosynthesis kwemapurotini, lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi, nucleic acids. Kana anabolism zvakare inopfuura basa photosynthesis uye chemosynthesis.

Kana isu kutaura epurasitiki muviri mumuviri womunhu, zvinokosha kutaura kamwechete kuti zvose zviri zvinovaka muviri kuti vapinde muviri zvokudya, vane yakakwirira samolecular sezvamunoita, saka haagoni kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu. In nedanho kugaya, yeimwe izvi vanowira nomumwe monomers, izvo kare kushandiswa nokuda kwetunhu chaiyo macromolecular zvinhu kuri mumuviri womunhu.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha makirasi yeimwe vari mapurotini. Protein hunhu vane zvose makemikari muviri, uyewo mamwe mahormone. Mapuroteni vari Chizenga (anopa kufema basa), antibodies (masoja mhinduro anopa nhengo), actin uye myosin (akafanosarudza tsandanyama marwadzo), collagen uye puroteni (kuita STRUCTURAL basa mumuviri).

Akapiwa basa rinokosha mapuroteni kuti muviri basa, zvinokosha kufunga chirongwa kwetunhu yavo chinokosha mapurasitiki exchange.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvose zvipenyu zvakasiyana pamberi dzakananga mapuroteni, izvo anoumbwa amino acids. Ndiyo hama nzvimbo amino acids anosarudza maduramazwi ehupfumi ari puroteni yeimwe.

Mapuroteni vari synthesized muchitokisi cytoplasm chaihwo organelles - ribosomes. zvivako izvi ine zvikuru nezviduku subunits. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mapuroteni usage. Basa rinokosha iri biosynthesis kwemapurotini kuridza nucleic acid, izvo zvinosanganisira DNA uye RNA. Saka, STRUCTURAL vamapoka DNA (majini) ane coded mashoko pamusoro mukuru nemamiriro mapuroteni (amino iine acid kutevedzana), uye RNA ndiye anokonzera kuverenga uye ayo zvokufambisa kune nzvimbo amino acids, apo pane mapuroteni usage.

Protein usage kunoitika matanho maviri: transcription uye shanduro. At chinoumba transcription ndiwo muitiro tama ruzivo pamusoro nemamiriro puroteni kuti DNA kuti RNA.

Translation - ndiro zvakananga kwetunhu imwe polypeptide cheni runoenzanirana amino iine acid kutevedzana maererano majini code, pamwe rubatsiro ane chizvaro (ruzivo) RNA. Yose basa rokushandura anoenda mumatanho matatu: kudzidziswa, elongation, terminanatsii. Somugumisiro nhepfenyuro akaumba mapuroteni pamwe zvikuru marongerwo.

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti kupanana mapurasitiki - haasi chete kwetunhu mapuroteni kana zvimwe Organic yeimwe, asi photosynthesis, inova kunzwisisa uye multistage muitiro, unofamba mu maitikiro maviri.

Chiedza danho inoyerera chloroplasts (ari thylakoids), sezvamakaropafadzwa ATP achiumbwa uye secreted samolecular okisijeni uye rima kutotanga kunosvika kazhinji chloroplast fuma uye anoita kuti Absorção de Água kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa uye inotungamirwa makabhohaidhiretsi.

Ndinoda kwete kugara basa photosynthesis, zvakakwana kutaura kuti, nemhaka iyi gore unobereka anenge 150 Bln. M zvinhu zviri makemikari hunhu, uyewo vanenge 200 Bln. T oxygen.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mapurasitiki muviri hunonyatsobatana kuti simba pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika mumuviri. Saka, simba muviri (catabolism) ane pakatarisana basa anabolism uye inosanganisira zvose cleavage kuita, kana kunzwisisa yeimwe anoora kune nyore uye mukuru-samolecular zvinhu zviri kuchinjwa kuva nhevedzano pasi samolecular uremu. Kana simba ichi asunungurwa rinoshandiswa mupurasitiki muviri pezvakaitwa.

Saka, mapurasitiki uye simba muviri mumasero vanoumba hwaro zvachose Exchange - muviri, izvo unotora zvose dzinotsanagura kwetunhu uye manyowa kuti zvinhu.