Price elasticity zviri kudiwa: kuti nzira yokuwana

The musika iri ukama pakati vatengesi nevatengi. In microeconomics, maitiro avo kunoratidzwa nemushonga uye kudiwa, ukuwo. Mubhizimisi, zvinokosha kuva yera vose parameters kuti purofiti. Mutengi asati kutenga zvakanaka Anoongorora zvinhu zvinoverengeka: mutengo Kuwanikwa mari uye kudiwa chigadzirwa ichi. The kutsamira unonyatsoratidza nhumbi pamusoro mutengi maitiro kunotema kuti mutengo elasticity kuti kudiwa. The yemaitiro rinoratidza sei chikonzero huchachinja mugumisiro wacho.

mutengi kwomusikirwo mutengo kuchinja

Zvinovavarirwa munhu kutenga chinhu, somuenzaniso, kubudikidza online store, vari kuderedzwa kuti chokwadi kuti akanga kuziva chaizvo chinhu (ngazviitwe hwendefa) iri pedyo chaizvo Websites kugadzirisa zviri kusarudzwa muenzaniso nokuda kwomutengo. Kazhinji, kana ndiro kutaurwa munyika yose tsika mitemo, mutengo kunotenga hakuzoitiki zvikuru akasiyana. Sezvingatarisirwa, mutengi anosarudza Mobile kombiyuta, mutengo iyo ichava shoma.

Iyi nyaya muenzaniso iyo yave kunzi mune microeconomics se "mutengo elasticity kuti kudiwa." The yokuita indekisi ichi anorondedzera zvikuru sei / zvishoma zvaizova kutora anotenga vezvinhu, kana zvakanaka mutengesi change mutengo.

Zvakaitika hwendefa inorondedzera kwakavharwa nenyama kudiwa. Nokuda vakawanda nzira Mobile kadambari vanhu achasarudza mumwe kuti kunodyira (mukati chikonzero) isingadhuri kupfuura vamwe.

Kushaikwa pane

Pasi boka iri zvigadzirwa pasi mhando dzakawanda. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira kubatsira isingagoni kutsiviwa, akadai munyu, jekiseni, uye wechipiri - umbozha nhumbi: mugadziri nguo chete kusunungurwa. Ava vaviri muchikwata muganhu.

Kana iwe kuwedzera mutengo ane remidzanga munyu, vanhu havana kurega kutenga nayo. Handiti, kwete chete anopa kudya ndiro, asi ari zvisaora, saka mumakore hondo yaro mukurumbira kwave kumusoro.

Wechipiri non-nzira muboka - umbozha nhumbi. Somuenzaniso, anogadzira bhegi kubva garwe ganda. It achawana vanhu vaya vane bhajeti rwokutenga ichi hakuzochinji. Izvi mukuru-goho vatengi, mutengo wavo haukoshi.

Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, kuti vade richinzi kwete kwakavharwa nenyama. Uye sei kuzvibata mutengi panguva yakatarwa mutengo zvakanaka, asi panguva kukura / kutsauka pachako bhajeti? Muchiitiko ichi vaiona mari elasticity, iyo nzira iyo anosarudza kudiwa munhu chaicho chigadzirwa.

Products vamatunhu uye kbps

The pamusoro akataura mienzaniso sei kuchinja zviito zvomunhu, kana mari imwe boka mishonga yakawedzera. Asi, panzvimbo microeconomics uye kufunga zvimwewo (determinants) kukanganisa shanduko zvechadenga musika - romugove uye kudiwa. Mumwe determinant kwakadaro mari.

The chakarurama - mari elasticity ane nzira chinotaurwa sokuti nhamba maitiro chigadzirwa kune kwokudiwa Kuchinja mutengi kuti mari iri litmus bvunzo kuziva hwakanaka.

Kana akaverenga kukosha bude asingasviki 0, ipapo zvinhu vanoonekwa kuva kbps. In kuwanda kubva 0 1 - zvakanaka, nonelastic mari (huni, zvokudya). A kuverenga pamusoro 0 inechirevo unhu boka zvigadzirwa.

Mhando mutengo kudiwa

Saka elasticity (E) anonzi nechiidzo kuti anganzi mhaka nezvainoita kuferefeta. Asi sei kutaura izvozvo? Somuenzaniso, achienzanisa maviri zvigadzirwa - mukaka naHamu, haagoni kuenzaniswa kuferefeta, kana mutengo hazvo vaviri yakawedzera 20 rubles. Kuwedzera mutengo mukaka mu zvichava zvikuru kuonekwa kubva yepakutanga ukoshi hwayo. Nokuti ichi charehwa coefficient kuti elasticity (Eq) unotora munhu chikamu reshiyo maviri kuchinja.

Ukoshi vagara vandifungira elasticity modulus.

• C wakawira -1%, OP yakawedzera 0.5%. The elasticity kuti kudiwa pasi zvakadaro: E = 0.5 * -1 = -0.5. Rate zvishoma pane 1, ipapo kwokudiwa inelastic.
• C wakawira -1%, OP yakawedzera 3%. E = 3 * -1 = -3. The kwakavharwa nenyama unhu vatengi;
• C wakawira -1%, OP yakawedzera 1%. E = 1 * -1 = -1. Unit (Proportional) elasticity.

Izvi zvinokosha kuziva rudzi kudiwa?

Index - mutengo elasticity zviri kudiwa, iyo nzira iyo iri pamusoro apa, zvinodiwa chero basa nechinangwa kuita purofiti. Kana sangano iri mubasa kutengeswa kwenhumbi kana mabasa. Paanosarudza mutengo akaziva kana self yabudisa zvinhu, huru mamiriro unoshanda yokutengesa. Somuenzaniso, musi aida kuchinja mhando zvigadzirwa wagadzira mamiriro chokuita vasanyanye mitengo. Izvi kwemari achawanda kakawanda kwokutanga mutengo kuburikidza kukwezva vakawanda vatengi.

Nokufamba kwenguva inelastic kudiwa zvakanaka kunogona kwakavharwa nenyama. Uye mumwe kuwedzera chinokosha mitengo kuchaguma nokurasikirwa kuti bhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, peturu. With veMubatanidzwa dzimwe manyuko motokari yemagetsi uye kudiwa ichi mhando mafuta ipfupi. Zvino, ari kudzidzira, zviri pachena kuti mutengo zvendarama dema paminiti dhiramu kwakadonha kusvika matatu apfuura mitengo. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso fuma zvevaPolish inelastic vade kwaireva mutengo rwauya kuva kwakavharwa nenyama.

Naizvozvo, mutengo elasticity zviri kudiwa - the yemaitiro kukarukureta, zviratidzo uye ongororo - kuchikosha mumabhizimisi ose.

Kuchinja uchidzidzira: okuti

Uye muenzaniso zvakare. Cost renguruve osheyka rapera paminiti kilogram raiva 500 rubles, gore rino tinorasikirwa rubles 600. Sei kuona kubva muzana vachinja mutengo? Nokuti ichi chine payakavakirwa kukura rate: (Ts2 - Ts1) / TS1 * 100%.

It vakawana: 600-500 / 500 * 100% = 20%.

Kana tinonyora chete nedoro uye vhoriyamu, uye ipapo kutsiva ari kutaura mutengo elasticity kuti kudiwa, iyo nzira achawana zvinotevera chimiro:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * TS1 / Ob1.

Mashoko aya anowana zita raro, kuti nzira pfungwa elasticity kuti kudiwa.

Kuchinja mu tsika: chifananidzo kwakajeka

The kuvimba wokutengesa kukosha nhumbi. Panguva A mutengo wakanaka akaenzana 80 rubles, uye vanhu nguva pasi review, 50 vamapoka nenhumbi watengwa. Kana muridzi havachakoshesi mutengo 40 rubles, rokutengesa akasimuka 100 dzakabatana. Dzinomiririra tsika kupinda yemaitiro pfungwa elasticity, simuka 2. Saka chigadzirwa iri kwazvo kuchinja uye anogona kushivirira kwake, kuitira kuti vawedzere kwemari. Zvisinei, pamusoro payakavakirwa ane pezvatinokanganisa.

Kana mienzaniso apo pokutangira (yepakutanga) achaita batanidza B, uye pashure kuwedzera mitengo - pfungwa A, kuti elasticity inotengwa asingasviki 1. Kureva, zvichienderana nokuti Kutama kubva nzvimbo A kuti B kana ndiEzekieri, mumwe anowana elasticities siyana kudiwa . Naizvozvo, nezvoupfumi, kwakasarudzwa pakutanga mutengo ukoshi (TS1) uye vhoriyamu (Ob1) kutsiva avhareji indekisi. Kureva, C ₁ = C ₂ + C _1/2 uye ₁ = On On On ₂ + _1/2. Kana kutsiva Pfungwa yechipiri elasticity ari svomhu zvinoreva rwekutaura, tawana nzira riemukaari elasticity kuti kudiwa:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * ((+ Ob2 Ob1) / (C2 + TS1)).

Kukosha inoratidza avhareji elasticity ari chinhu chakakombama pakati pfungwa pamwe Coordonatele ose A uye B.

Nyore kuchinjaniswa, nopindirana zvikomborero

Ari kuongorora mutengi maitiro pakureva munhu chigadzirwa X mabhizimisi mamaneja uyewo kufungawo Kuchinja mutengo kwenhumbi W. Kuti ichi Kuguma, chishandiso anoita muchinjikwa elasticity kuti kudiwa. Formula paakati ndiyo nhamba kudiwa zvibereko paakasangana kuchinja mitengo dzimwe nhumbi W. Sezvingatarisirwa, hapana anoenzanisa maitiro vatengi kuti nomukaka zvigadzirwa kuti vachinje mutengo mhuri makemikari. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuchinjaniswa uye nopindirana Mapato nhumbi.

Kune zvinhu zvinotevera kwavo kudiwa, zvichienderana mutengo:

• Inokosha zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, jekiseni. Panyaya iyi, kwokudiwa haana kwakavharwa nenyama.
• Nopindirana zvakanakira: Cream uye kofi; mafuta injini uye nemotokari. Elasticity zvishoma pane 1.
• For okutsiva zvinhu kunoratidzwa elasticity kuti kudiwa kuti mukuru 1. Kana kuwedzera mutengo, Somuenzaniso, mumwe zana muzana kofi arabica kugutsikana, vanhu unotanga kutenga drink pamwe kuwedzera robusta. Nepo rokutengesa wokutanga uchaderedzwa.

Masvomhu aya anoshandiswa yemakambani kuongorora kwavo Pricing gwara, uye mamiriro - iri fiscal basa uye basa.