Railway kuyambuka. The mitemo pakufamba njanji kuyambuka. Midziyo njanji kuchinjika

Railway takayambuka (Photo yakasiyana ezvinhu ari nzvimbo anoratidzwa munyaya) inzvimbo odnourovnego kuyambuka njanji ane motokari, bhasikoro kana chime nzira.

tsananguro

Chero njanji takayambuka anonamatwa yakawedzera ngozi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti kudzivirira tsaona munzvimbo idzi zvinopa kuvapo anodzivirira zvinhu uye nyevero anonongedzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira zvipingamupinyi, ruzha anonongedzera uye mwenje. The chinhu zvakare vakapakata otomatiki kubvongodzwa mudziyo fenzi mhando. Zviri resimbi Tile, achifumira chaivharidzira ndima. Kusara ndidzo nzvimbo iri migove vakaneta enzira. zvinhu okunyevera vari kushandiswa kureva kwavari (semuenzaniso, mucherechedzo "kuyambuka"). Zvinhu pasi kukurukurwa dziri munzvimbo yakanaka maonero rikunde. The angled pamusoro mharadzano w / c nzira uye migwagwa anofanira kuva asina kutapudza matanhatu inegumi. Mune dzimwe nyika, yakatsaurirwa chitima mumutsetse mharadzano pamusoro Highway vakagadzirira pamwe chaizvoizvo kufanana chitima.

kupatsanura zvinhu

In nyika yedu, pamwero kuyambuka dzinoiswa muzvikamu akawanda. zvinhu zvose izvi zviri rakakamurwa makirasi vaviri yaidzorwa uye unregulated. The basa kuunza kuchengeteka panguva w / D yeUnited zvifambiso mari kugadzirisa Remote Control uye unyanzvi kushandisa michina. Vanopa kuchinja kufamba uye pre-emptive kodzero zvitima munzvimbo idzodzo umo chete nenhanho nzira yavo ndiyo mharadzano pamwe mugwagwa. Mitemo iyi inofanira kutevedza zvinodiwa kuti anosimbisa rinokosha murau "On njanji chokufambisa kwezvivako kuchengeteka." Gare gare munyaya zvichakurudzira raireva kuti Technical Regulation. PDD anopa kuziva yakachengeteka kuyambuka nemikana unregulated kuyambuka kubva pamakwara kuvatori vechikamu vese vari kwacho.

Kupatsanura pakati anodawo ezvinhu enyika chinhu

Railroad takayambuka inogona zvinotevera inoti:

1. The chinhu yakazarukira kufamba nezvitima iye nevamwe motokari. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.
2. Chinhu rokusuka motokari pamusoro zvitima pake, asi akavharwa kuti dzimwe motokari. Panguva iyoyowo, Kutama akasununguka kubva mugwagwa muzvirongwa. Kure Control uye midziyo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Railway kuyambuka akagadzirira kushandisa yakachengeteka kwemutemo nezvitima.
3. The chinhu yapera kuti motokari kuti nezvitima iye nevamwe motokari. Izvi imhaka pamberi parwendo motokari asingagoni chisiye. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kufambira hakusi akagadzirira kushandisa motokari asipo.
4. The chinhu yapera kuti motokari kuti nezvitima iye nevamwe motokari. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari kunze whack. Railway takayambuka haasi kugadzirira kushandisa zvisipo motokari nokuda kukundikana unodzivirira kuchengeteka michina.
5. Chinhu rokusuka motokari pamusoro zvitima iye, asi rakavharwa kuti imotokari. Izvi nokuda kuwanikwa unomutsa motokari isina aiva nguva kusiya nzvimbo yake. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kutamira kugadzirira dzika bandwidth zvichiongororwa nemotokari.
6. Chinhu rokusuka motokari pamusoro zvitima iye, asi rakavharwa kuti imotokari. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari kunze whack. Kufambira hakusi agadzirira dzika bandwidth zvichiongororwa nemotokari.
7. The chinhu yakazarukira kufamba nezvitima uye dzimwe motokari nayo. Panguva iyoyowo, Remote Control uye njanji midziyo vari kunze whack. The chinhu haasi kugadzirira kushandisa yakachengeteka kwemutemo nezvitima uye mota.

dzemunharaunda

panguva pamwero kuyambuka murayiridzo anoisa pamwero kuzvidzora, izvo zvinofanira kuita zvinoenderana Remote Control uye w / D michina. Mari idzi vanofanira kupa kufamba pachiitwa kuti pre-emptive kodzero zvitima panguva yaidzorwa sangano. Kuti aite izvi, kuita zvinotevera mabasa:

1. Control pamusoro zvitima. Zvikurukuru, yaidzorwa pamukwidza uye basa zvikamu Zoom kana kunze.

1. Izvi kuzvidzora chiyero iri rakatangwa pana dzinodzorwa kuyambuka, izvo iri zvaiva zviri njanji makwara. Chiitiko ichi rinoitwa nokushandisa vakawanda akazvimirira sensors. Basa ravo kugadzirisa pamberi nezvitima pamusoro zvinofamba mugove. The sensors haafaniri kuva asingasviki mana.
2. Izvi kuzvidzora chiyero iri rakatangwa pamusoro yaidzorwa kuyambuka, izvo iri w / D chiteshi makwara. Vanofanira vakagadzirira pamwe motokari mwenje, uye centralization wegadziriro miseve. Chiitiko ichi chiri kuitwa pachishandiswa michina michina.

2. Kuti pave fence pakati zvinhu yaishandiswa chiedza shongwe. Railroad kuyambuka panguva imwe chete vakapakata akazvitsaurira nenyevero enyika. zvinhu izvi, kushanda panguva zvivako dzinodzorwa kwaita kana externally. Vari raitungamirwa opareta, iyo inodzora kufamba nezvitima pamusoro njanji inocherechedza imwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, chiito ichi vanogona kushandisa basa racho. motokari anonongedzera inodzora kufamba. Ivo Kurambidza Kushandiswa nzvimbo nokuda motokari, asi chitima zvasvika runoenzanirana mugove (pedyo dzinza mharadzano pamwe huru mugwagwa pamusoro imwe kure).

3. Implementation mechidziro chinhu zvipingamupinyi kubva mugwagwa motokari. Basa iri rinoitwa pachishandiswa kugadzwa unyanzvi gadziriro. Kufambira iri vakapakata masuwo yemagetsi. Vanogona kudzorwa kana kwaita kana externally. Vari raitungamirwa opareta, iyo inodzora kufamba nezvitima pamusoro njanji inocherechedza imwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, utariri asimbise basa nokuda kwemahofisi. Retroreflective mano uye chiratidzo zviedza vari yakaiswa pamusoro mapuranga ose miganhu kumativi kuti kutarisana mugwagwa.

4. Implementation kutamira zvipingamupinyi kuburikidza yokusimbisa mano kubva kunze komutemo panopindwa vechikamu motokari. Basa iri rinoitwa pachishandiswa kugadzwa unyanzvi gadziriro. Midziyo njanji kuyambuka ari iyi kunosanganisira kuvaka bandstop zvinhu kubva mumugwagwa. Nokushanda kwenhengo zvivako izvi raitungamirwa opareta. It anoita kufamba nezvitima pamusoro njanji inocherechedza imwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, kuzvidzora anogona kuchengeta chinhu.

5. Implementation of chinhu fenzi kushandiswa mano nokuda njanji makwara. Chiitiko ichi rinoitwa nokuzvisarudzira yomumugwagwa chipingamupinyi iri rakakodzera negwara. Vari raitungamirwa opareta, iyo inodzora kufamba nezvitima pamusoro njanji inocherechedza imwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, zvingava anokonzera yakarongeka kwemahofisi.

6. Implementation rokudzora vakasununguka nzira motokari. Chiitiko ichi zvinoitwa yokusimbisa chinhu tsamba sensors. Kazhinji vane kudzora mano. ivo rinogonawo nemaziso kuongororwa pabasa racho.

7. Implementation dzokuziva kumhanya muchitima riri kuswedera kuti chinhu. Chiitiko ichi zvinoitwa yokusimbisa njanji nhengo sensors vari zvikamu kutama. Uyezve akaisa namano kuti dzinoona mashoko.

8. Implementation pamusoro kure kuzvidzora uye kutaura navamwe kuchiteshi kushandisa michina yakakodzera midziyo uye dzaishandisa, izvo waidzora kufamba nezvitima pamusoro njanji imwe nzvimbo. zvoga anokosha mitsetse yaishandiswa mabasa aya. Operators, uyewo, uchishandisa akagamuchira data, waidzora kufamba nezvitima mune imwe nharaunda w / c turakiti.

9. Implementation nenguva mishumo mugwagwa vanoshandisa zvose mashoko pamusoro nokukurumidza kuchaita yokupedzisira nzira. Basa iri rinoitwa kuburikidza zvivako anokosha anzwike okunyevera namano.

10. The Implementation nenguva mishumo ruzivo kuti munofamba nevanhu vari kufamba chime kuyambuka mugwagwa, kuti chitima ichauya pano nokukurumidza. Basa iri rinoitwa kuburikidza zvivako zviri midziyo kutaura Informant.

11. Implementation uye vachiongorora mamiriro kure kudzora njanji kushandisa michina. Chiitiko ichi chiri kuitwa kugadzwa sensors yakakodzera uye kuratidza namano.

General mitemo nokuti nokutyaira njanji kuchinjika

Usambokanganwa kuti asiri abvume hungada munhu upenyu hwavo. Absolutely zvose mugwagwa vanoshandisa vanofanira kuteerera kurambidzwa tasangana kubvongodzwa munharaunda apo suo anotanga kuvhara kana ratova ichi, uye mudzokere pamusoro nhengo motokari chiratidzo. Izvi zvinoshandawo cyclists uye munofamba nevanhu. Mvumo pasina pedyo kupfuura mamita mashanu kubva Fenzi. Kana njanji kuyambuka pasina chipingamupinyi, daro kusvika pedyo njanji anofanira zvinenge 10 mamita.

The mitemo pakufamba njanji kuyambuka ari simba iri Russian Federation

In nyika yedu, vatori vose mugwagwa motokari hakubvumidzwi kupinda w / E njanji mumamiriro anotevera:

1. The chipingamupinyi atanga kuvhara kana kare kuvharwa. Panyaya iyi, ruvara chiratidzo yambiro chiedza mudziyo hakukoshi.
2. Dzidzisai (kana mumwe njanji chokufambisa) iri mukati pamberi mapazi uye pedyo kufamba.
3. Achaatevera tunodzivisa chiratidzo chiedza chikwata. Panyaya iyi, nzvimbo uye kuvapo Fenzi hakukoshi.
4. Directions kuyambuka wairambidza panyaya yacho w / c rejira kuzara, izvo kudzivisa mutyairi kusiya njanji.
5. Mushandi anotora tunodzivisa chiratidzo. Muchiitiko chino, chinofanira akatendeuka nenzira mutyairi wacho musana kana bhokisi rine vanomutswa pamusoro musoro wake neshamhu, mureza, dzvuku Lantern kana elongated yakananga ake.

Munenge zvose kunyika kunodiwa njanji vakachengeteka panguva pamwero kuyambuka inopiwa vanoomerera pamusoro mitemo.

Zvakadini kana motokari akamira pamusoro pamakwara?

Zvinosuruvarisa panowanikwa ezvinhu akadaro - havasi zvechienzi. Kana mutyairi havagoni pachavo kusunda motokari kubva vematunhu, akapa kuti mirayiro inoda kwaari zvinotevera:

1. Kana kumanikidzwa kurega pamusoro pamakwara vanofanira pakarepo vaburuke vanhu vose kubva mumotokari.
2. Edza pachavo kutora matanho kuti kusunungurwa w / D jira.
3. Tumira vanhu vaviri kune mativi ose njanji, kana achiwanika. Pre-vanofanira kutsanangura mitemo aramu kumisa chitima mutyairi.
4. Garai pedyo motokari. Izvi zvinofanira kupa zviratidzo zvavo aramu.
5. Kana chitima akasvika, unofanira kumhanya kundosangana naye. Zvinofanira zvapinda mutyairi pamusoro kudiwa kwokukurumidzira kumisa.

Sei chiratidzo kwakarurama?

General aramu

Inoshanda kuzivisa dzinotevedzana rimwe pakureba uye nhatu pfupi beeps.

Zvinodiwa kuti chemabhazi

Mureza chinhu raundi inofamba noruoko. To dzika zvinoda usiku rambi kana tochi, uye masikati - nyore kuoneka chinhu chipi kana chigamba inobwinya jira.

matanho okudzivirira

chengetedzo mitemo kana kuyambuka kuchiteshi mazambuko haakudzwi vose uye kwete nguva dzose. Anotonzi chinourayisa. Parizvino, pfungwa dzakapiwa kuitika kuti vaizotadzisa Zvakangoitikawo yakadaro. Somuenzaniso, muna Western Europe, yakatanga chirongwa yokuderedza uwandu kuyambuka. Yakabudiswa yavo yokutsiva multilevel panosangana. Nhamba ina kune umwe kuchengetwa. Pane zvivako ekare akawanda inotsiviwa itsva, zvakawanda yepamusoro. Mune Netherlands, kuvakwa kuyambuka vakasiya zvachose. Panguva iyoyowo, pane trolleybus uye chitima yenzira mune mamwe maguta Russian Federation kuti vanomhanya kuburikidza kuchiteshi pamakwara nzvimbo.

zviitiko zvemazuva

On kuyambuka wakashanda kubudikidza innovating, zvokuvakisa uye akura michina mhinduro rakatangwa. nezviyero zvose izvi chinangwa kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa risina kumiswa motokari pamusoro zvikamu kuyambuka njanji pamakwara mikuru. Facilities vakapakata zvokuimba rabha floorings. Ivo yekudyidzana kuwedzera nokukurumidza yokukurira pamusoro w / D jira nemotokari. chinokosha zvichikurukura nzira inoshandiswa kuvandudza kuchengeteka. Vanobvumira here kunoudza mugwagwa vanoshandisa pamusoro yedambudziko mugwagwa mharadzano munzvimbo ine w / D wakaisvonaka uye dzimwe njodzi. Pari, zvikuru kushandiswa sirens uye kuvheneka nechiedza tsvuku.

nyevero zvinhu

Pane imwe kure vasati achiyambuka chero mugwagwa chikamu chete w / D wakaisvonaka kuisa chaiwo mazano. Kana chinhu isina akashongedzerwa ane noruzhowa Kufananidzira, ndiko njanji kuyambuka pasina chinovhiringidza. The chiratidzo ndiyo netriangle chena, unocheka ane dzvuku mutsetse akapoteredza mukomberedzo. Pakati pane locomotive. Pasina kuyambuka mhinganidzo, chiratidzo icho kunoratidzwa pamusoro unowanzoonekwa mberi vakapakata zvichikurukura zvinhu. Pakarepo pamberi yakatarwa okunyevera njanji design - chiratidzo muchimiro pamuchinjikwa pamwe Andreev muganhu tsvuku chena.