Muscle rinenge: marongerwo uye ushande. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako tsandanyama tishu

Nemhuka akasiyana kwete chitarisiko, asiwo Chokwadi, nechomukati. Zvisinei, chinonyanya chinokosha choupenyu - ndiko kuti mhuka vanokwanisa vachishingaira kufamba muchadenga. Kunopiwa akafanirwa pakuvapo mavari aikosha zvinyama - tsandanyama. Navo isu kunyatsotarisisa pamusoro.

mhuka tishu

Mumuviri mhuka uye murume tiri 4 mhando dzose zvinyama lining ose nhengo uye hurongwa kuti zvinoumba ropa uye kuita mabasa anokosha.

1. Epithelial. Forms chinofukidza miviri dzokunze mudziyo rusvingo mudungwe pamwe mucous membranes, nokuumba serous membranes.
2. Huta. Forms nhengo dzose chete zita hurongwa, ane inokosha zvinhu - excitability uye conductivity.
3. Akabatanidzwa pamwechete. It iripo mune zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira mvura chimiro - ropa. Anoumba nemarunda, nemarunda, mafuta layer anozadza mafupa.
4. Muscle rinenge marongerwo uye mashandiro hunoita mhuka uye vanhu kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kufamba, uye vazhinji munyika ezvirevo - chibvumirano wokura (midziyo, nezvimwewo).
   

The tinofanira kugara Tikafunga zvose zvipenyu izvi kunovimbisa inowanzotorwa marongerwo uye kushanda zvinhu zvipenyu.

Muscle tishu: kupatsanura

A rinokosha mune basa yevanhu uye mhuka tsvina chinoita unyanzvi marongerwo. zita rayo - the tsandanyama tishu. Marongerwo kushanda kwayo yepakutanga chaizvo uye hunakidze.

Chaizvoizvo, zvinyama iri heterogeneous, uye ane yayo kupatsanura. zvinofanira kufungwa zvizere. Kune akasiyana tsandanyama rinenge akadai:

• chechetere;
• striated;
• mwoyo.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nzvimbo yayo localization mumuviri uye anoita yakajeka ushande.

Maumbirwo mhasuro masero

All mhando nhatu tsandanyama rinenge avo STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Zvisinei, mumwe anogona kuziva zvakafanana mapatani Sero umhare chivakwa akadaro.

Chekutanga, icho chinhu elongated chimiro (dzimwe nguva kusvika 14 cm), kureva kunosvika pamwe yose tsandanyama muviri. Chechipiri, zvinokosha multi-Musimboti, nekuti mumasero izvi zvikuru ndichibvunza mapuroteni usage pezvakaitwa mberi, inotungamirwa uye manyowa pamusoro ATP mamorekuru.

Uyewo kunyanya tsandanyama rinenge chivako pakuti masero ayo ane myofibrils matanda akaumba mapuroteni maviri - actin uye myosin. Zvavanokupai chikuru chinoratidza mamiriro ichi - contractility. Mumwe shinda-kufanana fibril zvinosanganisira zvisungo zvinoonekwa pasi maikorosikopu ave kupfuura chiedza uye kwasviba. Ava mapuroteni mamorekuru, achiumba zvakada tambo. Actin unoumba rakajeka uye myosin - kwasviba.

Properties tsandanyama rinenge chero mhando pakuti muzvitokisi zvavo (myocytes) kuumba rose sumbu - faibha mwanda kana symplasts. Mumwe nomumwe wavo yabuda mukati integer accumulations fibrils, ukuwo miniti mamiriro pachayo ine mapurotini ataurwa pamusoro. Kana tikafunga nemamiriro wokufananidzira pamusoro mashandiro, zvinoitika sezvinoita matryoshka, - zvishoma zvimwe, uye zvichingodaro kusvikira chaizvo faibha mwanda zvabatanidzwa anongoremberera connective zvinyama iri hombe maumbirwo - imwe mhando tsandanyama tishu.

The womukati hwaiitwa muchitokisi, kureva, munhu protoplast, rine zvose zvakafanana STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba uyewo mamwe mumuviri. The musiyano - mune mari nuclei vavo dzidziso haisi nechepakati faibha, uye mune peripheral mugove. Uyewo kuti nokupesana kushaya majini zvinhu pamusoro paro, uye nokuda mumasero anokosha, vakatakura zita Satellite. Ivo chikamu myocyte Kamudzira uye kushingaira kuita pakuberekwa kutsva basa - kudzorera tishu kuvimbika.

The ehupfumi of tsandanyama tishu

Uyewo zvimwe zvivako, izvi zvakasiyana-siyana munyama vane unhu zvavo, kwete chete marongerwo asiwo mabasa anoitwa. The chikuru ehupfumi ari tsandanyama rinenge kuburikidza izvo vanogona kuita izvi:

• reductions;
• excitability;
• conductivity;
• lability.

Nokuda vakawandisa tsinga fibers, tsinga uye capillaries kuti zvokudya tsandanyama, vanogona kukurumidza kuona chiratidzo pulses. pfuma iyi inonzi excitability.

Uyewo inoratidza kuti tsandanyama rinenge mamiriro vakwanise kuti kupindura nokukurumidza upi nokushatiriswa nokutuma akadzosera tichimhanya mu cerebral cortex uye musana. Izvi nokuratidzwa conduction pfuma. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti kukwanisa sei kutyisidzira zvinokonzerwa (namakemikari, zvemaziso, panyama hunhu) - chinhu ezvinhu chinokosha dzose njodzi upenyu chero muviri.

Muscle rinenge marongerwo uye kushanda kuti anoita - izvi zvose seboka ipfupi kune huru pfuma, contractility. It achipfeka ane zvemasanga (controllable) kana involuntary (pasina chavanoziva kuzvidzora) achidzikisa kana kuwedzera Kureba myocyte. Izvi imhaka kune myofibrillar mapuroteni (actin uye myosin filaments). Vanogona kutandavara uye rive dete anenge kuti Kusaoneka, uye ipapo nokukurumidza chidzosai maumbirwo kwayo.

Izvi zvinonyanya tsandanyama rinenge chero mhando. Saka kuvakwa basa yevanhu nemhuka mwoyo, midziyo yavo yose ziso tsandanyama, kutenderera apple. Hazvina pfuma iyi inopa mano kuti basa racho, sangano iri muchadenga. Chero akakwanisa kuita munhu kana tsandanyama ake hazvigoni kuderedzwa? Chiregera. Simudzai uye kudzikisa ruoko, kusvetuka, hwatata, kutamba uye kumhanya, kuita siyana kurovedza - zvose zvinobatsira kuti tsandanyama chete. Kureva myofibrils actin uye myosin hunhu Anoumba jira myocytes.

Zvapedzisira pfuma, iyo inofanira kutaurwa ndiyo lability. Kunosanganisira nekugona Mucheka wokugadzirisa nokukurumidza pashure excitation, asvika kumhedziso unongotaura. myocytes nani kuita ichi chete axons - masero etsinga.

The nemamiriro tsandanyama rinenge penhaka zvivako dziri zvakasiyana zvinhu - huru zvikonzero Implementation vanoverengeka zvinokosha mashandiro mumuviri mhuka uye vanhu.

jira wakatsetseka

Imwe mhando tsandanyama. Ane mesenchymal mavambo. Zvinonzi akaronga zvakasiyana nevamwe. Myocytes duku, zvishoma elongated, akafanana thickened ari pakati faibha. Avhareji Sero saizi anenge 0.5 mm pakureba uye 10 microns mu dhayamita.

Protoplast zvichikonzerwa nokusavapo sarcolemma. Chinoumba chimwe chinhu, asi yakawanda mitochondria. The localization of nemagene zvinhu, akaparadzaniswa cytoplasm karyotheca - pakati sero. Plasma Kamudzira hwakarongwa nyore zvakakwana, mapuroteni kunzwisisa uye lipids yaiitwa. Pedyo mitochondria uye cytoplasm vakapararira miofibrillnye zvindori ane actin uye myosin mune diki zvakawanda, asi zvakakwana kuderedza tishu. Endoplasmic reticulum uye Golgi kunzwisisa dzakawanda Simplified uye kuderedzwa tichienzanisa nedzimwe masero.

Smooth tsandanyama rinenge vakaumba myocytes matanda (masero chokurukisa serin'i) akarondedzera Chimiro innervated efferent uye afferent fibers. Zviri pasi kurapa autonomic tsinga, kureva akaderedza, kufara pasina chavanoziva kudzora muviri.

Mune dzimwe kumeso tsandanyama mitumbi inoumbwa masero munhu kuroorwa Kunyanya innervation. Kunyange zvazvo Fani iyi hariwanikwi. Kazhinji, pane mhando mbiri chikuru wakatsetseka mhasuro masero:

• secretory myocytes, kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa;
• pachaenzaniswa.

boka Malodifferentsirovanna wokutanga masero unotora munhu muzvizhinji kuti mitochondria, Golgi midziyo zvakanaka akaratidza. The cytoplasm iri kurondwa zvakajeka tsapo ose contractile myofibrils uye microfilaments.

The boka chechipiri myocytes specialized ari kwetunhu polysaccharides uye combinative kunzwisisa macromolecular zvinhu, kubva mamwe kuvakwa collagen uye elastin. Ivo vaberekawo mugove chinokosha pamusoro intercellular fuma.

localization mumuviri

Smooth tsandanyama rinenge marongerwo uye kushanda kuti anoita, kubvumira kuti pfungwa dzakasiyana nhengo muhuwandu siyana. Sezvo innervation haritorwi kudzora nenzira yevanhu basa rinotungamirirwa (pfungwa dzake), uye localization achava zvakakodzera. Akadai se:

• masvingo tsinga uye mutsinga;
• dzakawanda zvomukati;
• nedehwe;
• yeziso nedzimwe nhengo.

Panyaya iyi, hunhu webasa anotsvedzerera tsandanyama - rakadzika-nokukurumidza.

mabasa

The nemamiriro tsandanyama rinenge zvinoisa zvakananga rupawo pane mabasa yavanobata. Saka, kumeso tsandanyama runodikanwa zvinotevera kushanda:

• Implementation kuti marwadzo uye kutandara kuti vatevedzere;
• marwadzo nokuwedzera lumen ropa uye node midziyo;
• kufamba kwemaziso kwakasiyana-siyana;
• kudzora mataurire dundira nemamwe nemhango nhengo;
• nokupa pakarambwa kuitwa hormone nemamwe makemikari;
• mukuru ductility uye kutaurirana dzinotsanagura excitation uye marwadzo.

Gallbladder, gastric nzvimbo confluence pamusoro ura, Urinary dundira, node uye arterial ropa nemidziyo, mutsinga uye vazhinji drugieorgany - vanokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka chete nokuda ehupfumi kuti mvere tsandanyama. Management, kamwe kuchengetedza ndekwokuda zvionera.

Striated tsandanyama tishu

The pamusoro mhando tsandanyama rinenge havasi pasi kudzora nepfungwa dzevanhu, uye havasi mhosva yayo kufamba. Ndicho anozviita ari muchimiro fibers - striated.

Chokutanga tinofanira kunzwisisa, nokuti zvavakanga vapiwa zita iri. Kana kuonekwa maikorosikopu unogona kuona kuti zvivako izvi zvine vaakasarudza striations mhiri zvimwe tambo - puroteni actin uye myosin filaments hunoumba myofibrils. Ndicho chikonzero chakadaro rokuremekedza tishu.

Cross-tsandanyama rinenge riri myocytes dzine munhu muzvizhinji kuti cores uye inova mugumisiro kubatanidzwa nomumwe cellular hurongwa akawanda. Fani iyi varehwa okuti "symplast" kana "syncytia." Chitarisiko fibers aimiririra refu, elongated cylindrical masero, zvakasimba interconnected zvakafanana intercellular fuma. Panzira, pane zvinyama rinoumbwa yemibvunzo nekunyatsotsanangura myocytes zvose. It ane mhasuru wakatsetseka. Connective zvinyama - hwaro ari intercellular fuma, izvo zvinogona zvose gobvu uye kusazvibata. Zvinoitawo unoitisa siyana nemarunda, uhwo striated skeletal tsandanyama dzakabatana mapfupa.

Myocytes vaiona jira asi yakawanda saizi, vachiri vashoma zvinhu:

• masero sarcoplasm rine yakawanda nyore distinguishable myofibrils uye microfilaments (actin uye myosin mu hwaro);
• date Zvivako ikashandiswa muzvikwata makuru - the tsandanyama fibers, izvo zvinozoita vakaumba skeletal tsandanyama akasiyana zvakananga;
• Kune nuclei zhinji zvakanaka akaratidza reticulum uye Golgi midziyo;
• zvakanaka yakatanga vazhinji mitochondria;
• innervation rinoitwa pasi kudzorwa somatic tsinga, kuti iri nokungwaririra;
• Zvisinei kuneta faibha zvakakwirira, uye kuita zvakare;
• lability kupfuura avhareji, kutsanya kupora pashure refraction.

Mumuviri mhuka uye kwevanhu striated tsandanyama rakatsvuka. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuvapo myoglobin ari fibers - a unyanzvi mapuroteni. Mumwe myocyte rakafukidza kunova asingaoneki kubva kunze läpinäkyvä goko - sarcolemma.

Panguva mudiki hwemhuka uye nevanhu skeletal tsandanyama zvine connective zvikuru gobvu zvinyama pakati myocytes. Nokufamba kwenguva uye vakwegura iri chikatsiviwa inotsikwa mafuta, saka tsandanyama kuva flabby uye simba. Kazhinji, skeletal tsandanyama zvinotora kusvika 75% yose uremu. Kuti iye ndiye nyama yemhuka, shiri nehove, munhu anodya. Muviri ukoshi chaizvo nokuda mukuru zviri siyana mapuroteni yeimwe.

A-siyana striated tsandanyama, kuwedzera marangwanda, mwoyo. Features kwayo mamiriro kungaratidzwa pamberi nezvemarudzi maviri masero: kwagara tsandanyama masero uye cardiomyocytes. Kazhinji vane mamiriro sezvo marangwanda. Anokonzera zvionera marwadzo mwoyo nenhumbi dzayo. Asi cardiomyocytes - zvakananga zvinhu. Ndivo shoma myofibrils, uye naizvozvo, actin uye myosin. Izvi zvinoratidza kamari kugona kuderedza. Asi basa ravo harisi zvakadaro. The huru basa - mashandiro ari excitability mwoyo, kuti mutinhimira muviri automaticity.

Cardiac tsandanyama rinenge chakaumbwa rinodzokororwa branching kwayo nhengo myocytes kwaizotevera kusangana mukati zvinonyatsorehwa nemamiriro mapazi. Chimwe musiyano kubva striated skeletal tsandanyama - pakuti cardiac masero ane nuclei, zvayo chinokosha. Myofibrillar vemunyika nzvimbo pamusoro arikunze.

Izvo nhengo marudzi?

All skeletal tsandanyama dzomuviri - zviri striated tsandanyama tishu. Table unoratidza localization pakati munyama pamuviri, anoratidzwa pazasi.

The ukoshi nokuti muviri

Basa kuti anoita striated tsandanyama, zvakaoma kuona. Mushure zvose, iye ndiye kukosha hunomusiyanisa nevamwe nemhuka - kukwanisa kutora chinoshingaira kufamba. Munhu anogona kuita zvakawanda kupfuura akaoma uye nyore kumonyanisa uye vose vachava kuvimba basa skeletal tsandanyama. Vanhu vakawanda vanoita pakudzidzisa kwazvo tsandanyama dzavo, vari kuita izvi zvikuru kubudirira Vongai ehupfumi ari tsandanyama tishu.

Funga mamwe mabasa anoitwa striated tsandanyama mumuviri womunhu uye mhuka.

1. Anokonzera kunzwisisa chiso maronda, kutaura manzwiro, zviratidzo manzwiro dzakaoma.
2. It inotsigira nzvimbo muviri muchadenga.
3. Anoita abdominal kuchengetedzwa basa (nomuviri chiito).
4. Cardiac tsandanyama zvinopa mutinhimira marwadzo mwoyo.
5. Skeletal tsandanyama vanobatanidzwa mune mabasa kumedza, zvinoumba pahuro zvinokonzera.
6. Chinja mutauro sangano.

Saka, tinogona kugumisa zvinotevera: kuti tsandanyama rinenge - inokosha STRUCTURAL zvemamiriro ipi muviri mhuka, anomupa vamwe mano akasiyana. Properties uye maumbirwo rakasiyana-siyana tsandanyama anopa anokosha. Panobva mamiriro upi tsandanyama myocyte nhema - faibha aumba kubva mapuroteni filaments ose actin uye myosin.