Air vamwari: Heimdal, Hermod Akashinga Tyr, Volund, Aegir, Utgard-Loki, Thor, wevaNorse. Odin mungano

Scandinavia zvinowanzoreva nzvimbo dzakakura dziri kuchamhembe kweEurope, uye dzinosanganisira Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, pamwe nezvimwe zviwi zviri pedyo navo. Zvinyorwa zvezvakaitika zvekutsvaga kwavo zvakaita kuti tive netsika chaiyo, imwe yezvikamu zvekuita kwezvinyorwa, mavara avo, uyewo, ezvo mavamwari vepakutanga uye akasiyana nevamwe veScandinavia. Vasingadi uye vaitya, vaive nenzira imwechete kune vaVikings pachavo.

Vakasvika kupi kunyika yedu?

Vamwari vezvinyorwa zveScandinavia, avo vane mazita evanhu vasingazivikanwi vasingazivikanwi kupfuura vekare vehama dzechiIjipita neyechiGiriki, inhengo yechimiro chemadzinza ekare eGermany. Mashoko pamusoro pavo akazosvika mazuva edu kunyanya mumagwaro ezvinyorwa zviviri zvemazana emakore mabhuku. Uyu "Mukuru Edda" isangano rakanyora rine Old Icelandic nziyo, pamwe chete ne "Muduku Edda" - kusikwa kwezana remakore rechi12 muAustralia munyori Snorri Sturluson.

Mukuwedzera, nhamba dzakawanda dzenhema dzakazozivikanwa kubva mubasa remukatikati weDanish chronicler Saxo Grammar, iyo yaakadana kuti "The Acts of the Danes". Zvinoda kuziva kuti mumwe wevatongi vake akaumba hwaro hweShakespeare's Hamlet, rakanyorwa mazana mana emakore gare gare.

Kutendeukira kune zvidzidzo zvevhangeri chero ripi zvaro, pasinei nokuti vakaberekerwa muScandinavia, Greece kana Egypt, zvinofanira kufungwa kuti mumazana ezana emakore vakagadziridzwa kakawanda, izvo nhasi zvisingatongotungamiri kuhuwandu hwekusanzwisisana uye kupikisana kwakapinda mavari. Nokudaro, hatifaniri kushamiswa apo zviitiko zvakafanana, uye vanamwari veScandinavia ivo pachavo vanotsanangurwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana nenzira dzakasiyana.

Shanduro yeScandinavia yezvakabva munyika

Chinhu chisina kujairika chezvinyorwa zveScandinavia ndiwo mufananidzo wekuzvarwa kwenyika, inomiririrwa mairi. Maererano nezvakaitika kare, zvose zvakatanga negomba guru rakadzika, kune rumwe rutivi rwaiva umambo hwechando - Niflheim, uye kune rimwe divi - Muspellheim.

Kubva munzvimbo yechando, mazamu gumi nemaviri akatanga kutumbuka, izvo zvakangoerekana zvaoma, asi sezvavakanga vachirohwa nguva dzose, mazamu echando aiswedera pedyo nenzvimbo yemoto. Apo zvinhu izvi zviviri zvakaswedera pedyo zvikuru, kubva pazvisote zvezviputi zvakasanganiswa nechando chando, giant Ymir nemhou imwechete yainzi Audulla yakaonekwa.

Izvi zvinotevera zviitiko zvisingaiti zvachose. Maererano ne "Mukuru Edda", rimwe zuva giant Ymir yaifukisa zvizhinji, izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti pedyo kwakange kune nzvimbo yemoto, uye kubva mukukutuka kwake kwakaonekwa magamba makuru-murume nemukadzi. Izvi zvingadai zvisina kuenda chero kupi, asi pano zvinotaurwazve kuti imwe yemakumbo ake yakaberekwa kubva kune imwe uye yakabereka mwanakomana. Sezvo zvakaoma kufungidzira, isu tichatora zvishoma pasina kupinda muhuwandu.

Kana iri mhou yaWillulla, iyewo anotamba basa rinokosha zvikuru muScandinavian myths. Kutanga, akafudza mukaka wake kuna Imir neavo vakabva kwaari nenzira inoshamisa. Iye pachake akadya kuti kunyorera munyu kubva pamatombo. Chechipiri, kubva pakupisa kworurimi rwake kwakaberekwa mumwe mukuru, uyo akagamuchira zita reDutu. Saka vekutanga vanogara panyika, kubva kwavari vanamwari veScandinavia vakazvarwa, uye gare gare vanhu.

Asy, vana uye dzimwe nhoroondo dzenhema

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vamwari vose veScandinavia nemadzimaikadzi vakagoverwa mumapoka akawanda, iyo huru pakati paive maAses, akatungamirirwa nemutungamiri wavo ainzi Odin. Hupenyu hwavo hwakange huri nyore kana husina makore, sezvavaiwanzofanira kupinda mumakakatanwa nevamwe vamiriri veScandinavia yekare.

Zvizhinji zvezvinetso zvavakaunza vans - boka revanamwari vanobereka, vaiti vave venyika, asi vakabva kune giants, yeYotuns, pamwe chete nevana vaduku-vashoma. Uye zvakazara zvachose zvakaparadza ropa remwarikadzi - dis, norn uye valkyrie.

Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveStandinavia mythology ndezvehondo pakati peAses neVans. Yakatanga nechokuti ivo Vans, vakagumburwa nekuti vanhu vari nziyo dzavo havana kuzvikudza, asi vaAses, vakatumwa kwavari munyika (ainzi Midgard) muorivhi akaipa Gulveig. Sezvo yakagadzirwa nendarama, zvino, maererano nekuverengwa kweVans, maitiro avo aive kuparadza tsika dzevanhu, kudyara makaro nemakaro mumweya yavo. MaAeses akadzivisa izvi, ndokuuraya muroyi. Kubva izvi zvakatanga hondo umo vanamwari veScandinavia vakaedza kugadzirisa nyaya yekubwinya nesimba. Sezvo pasina rumwe rutivi rwakakunda, rugare rwakagumiswa pakati pavo, rwakachengetedzwa nekutsinhaniswa kwevanhu vanobatwa.

Mwari Mukuru weAsse

Mutungamiriri, uye baba veAses, ndiye mwari mukuru Odin. Muzvinyorwa zveScandinavia, zvinowirirana nezvimwe zviitiko. Anomiririra semambo-mupristi, shaman-nyanzvi yemhanya, mutongi-muroyi uye, kuwedzera, mwari weScandinavia wehondo nekukunda. Mwari Mumwe airemekedzwa semubatsiri wevakuru vechiuto uye anokunda weValkyries (ivo vachakurukurwa pasi apa). Iye ari kutarisira Valhalla - imba yekumambo, uko mauto ane simba-varwi vakagara nokusingaperi muparadhiso kufara.

Imwe yakanga yakaratidzwa seziso rimwe chete, asi izere nehupenyu hwemukuru. Ziso rake rakashaikwa, akambopa giant Mimir, zvekuti akamubvumira kunwa mvura kubva kunobva huchenjeri huchengetedzwa naye. Kuda kurumbidzwa kwezivo, kazhinji, kwaive kwakasiyana naOdin. Somuenzaniso, rimwe zuva, kuitira kuti anzwisise simba riri mumashure ekare - mabhuku ekare echiGermany, akabvuma kuzvipira iye oga, uye kuti akaturike kwemazuva mapfumbamwe, akaroverwa pamuti nemapfumo ake.

Pakati pehumwe unhu hwaOdin, munhema, kukwanisa kuberekwazve kunomiridzirwa. Kazhinji anofamba-famba pasi ari muchengeti wemurume akwegura akapfekedzwa mumvura yebhuruu uye akanzwa huti. Shamwari dzake dzinogara dziri mhumhi mbiri kana mapoka. Asi dzimwe nguva Odin inogona kutendeuka kuva murombo asina kunaka kana kuti wakaipa. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, nhamo kune umwe uyo, nemitemo yekugamuchira vaeni, achavhara masuo eimba yake pamberi pake.

Vanakomana veOdin

Mwanakomana waOdin aiva mwari Heimdall, uyo aifungidzirwa kuti ndiye muchengeti wemuti wepasi rose wehupenyu. Akange achiwanzofananidzirwa muchimiro chemurwi wehwamanda runyanga rwegoridhe. Maererano nenyaya, iyi ndiyo nzira yaanofanira kuzivisa nzira yekuguma kwenyika, uye kuunganidza vanamwari vose nekuda kwekupedzisira hondo ne simba rerima. Heimdall anogara mune imwe imba inonzi aine Himinbjerg, iyo inoreva "makomo okudenga". Iyo iri pedyo nebhurogi rinobatanidza denga nenyika.

Yakanyanya kuzivikanwa uye imwe mwanakomana waOdin - mumwe mwari ane mwari Tyr, uyo aiva mufananidzo wevarwi vehondo. Akarashika maoko ake, zvisinei, kwete pahondo. Kushungurudzika kwake kwakagamuchirwa nemumwe munhu murombo, achiedza kusungirira rwonzi rwemashiripiti yemhumhi guru rinonzi Fenrir. Kamwe pane imwe nguva chigamba ichi chakanga chichiri chipanje chisina kunyanya kutorwa seasami munyika yavo naAsgard. Nokufamba kwenguva, mbongoro yakakura ikava nyanzvi ine simba uye ine utsinye iyo yaityisa vamwe.

Hazvina mhosva kuti vanamwari vakaedza sei kumusunga, nguva dzose aibvarura zvisungo zvisingabviri. Pakupedzisira, elves yakauya kunoponesa, ichigadzira ketani yemashiripiti kubva pamusana wemakumbo emakumbo, salivha, shiri yekufema uye midzi yemakomo. Yakaramba iripo chete kuti iikandire pamhumhi. Kuti agutsikane nemhuka musipo kwezvinangwa zvakaipa, mwari Tyr akaisa ruoko rwake mumuromo make, rwakanga ruchidzimwa, Fenrir achangobva kuziva kuti akabatwa mukunyengera. Kubva panguva iyoyo, mwari wevarwi vehondo akarova vavengi nevamwe chete vasara.

Mwari akapera simba nehope dzakaipa

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mwari wepakati weBaldur Wakaisvonaka-saka munhu wose akamudana nokuda kwekunaka kwake kunoshamisa, aivawo mwanakomana waOdin, uyo mwarikadzi mukuru Asov Frigg akamuberekera. Nhoroondo yacho inoti rimwe zuva akaudza amai vake kuti aigara achiona zviratidzo zvakaipa. Kuti adzivirire mwanakomana wake, Frigg akatora mhiko yemvura, moto, zvishongo zvesimbi, miti, mabwe, maronda, zvirwere, mhuka neshiri, kuti vangaisazoita kuti aite zvakaipa. Somugumisiro, mwari wechitsime akazovhiringidzika.

Achiziva izvi, vamwe vanamwari vakakanda mabwe, mapfumo nemiseve kwaari kuti vafare, kupfuura ivo vakavhiringidza Baldra. Uye rimwe zuva majee avo akaipa aipera kwazvo. Mwari weuchenjeri Loki akanyengedza Frigga kuti akanga asina kumbobvuma mhiko kubva kune mistletoe, shrub iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga isina kuonekwa kubva pasi.

Akashandisa zvakashata zvaro, uyo anonyengedza Loki akabvarura davi remuti uyu, uye, achiisa muruoko rweMwari mwari-bofu wechipfuva, Hed, akatura kuBaldra achipfuura pedyo. Iro tsvimbo yakapinza yakarova jaya rakanaka uye rakafa, rikava mutapwa wenyika yevakafa uye mutongi anotyisa, muroyi Hel.

Pedyo nemwari mukuru weAses, mumwe munhu akakurumbira wemanzwiro anowanzoratidzwa - Hermod the Brave. Akanga ari nhume yeOdin kunyika yevakafa, kwaaizofanira kutenga kubva kumutongi wake mwanakomana - mwari wechitsime reBaldur. Ichi chinangwa chakanaka chakaunza Hermond mukurumbira, pasinei nokuti iyo mission pachayo yakakundikana semugumisiro wezviitiko zvinotevera zvemwari mumwechete weuchenjeri nekunyengedza Loki.

Makwikwi muTutgard Castle

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti matanho ekunyengedza uyu uye munyengeri anowanzozvidza zita remazita ake - anoremekedzwa uye anoremekedzwa Asgar Utgard Loki, akakurumbira nokuda kwekuti imba yake isina kujairika Utgard kamwe yakaronga makwikwi asina kukodzera. Nezvevo "Muduku Edda" inorondedzera. Rinotsanangura, kunyanya, kuti mumwe wevakashanyi vake - mwari wekutinhira nemhepo Thor, mukupisa kwemitambo yekushamwaridzana nechinetso chekare chakaipa Ellie, uyo akange akwegura, uye shamwari yake Loki - mwari iyeye akanyengedza, akakwikwidzana mumakaro nemoto pachayo .

Mhedziso yeiyi yose yakanga iri kuedza kwevarimi vekuMa Tialphi kuti vawane pfungwa ye muridzi weimba mberi kwekukurumidza kufamba. Uye kunyange zvazvo mwari wekutinhira kana shamwari dzake asina kubudirira, iyo hovha yakanga iri kubudirira. Pamusoro pazvo yakanyorwa ipapo nziyo dzakawanda. Hauna kuparadza pfungwa yokuti kunyange moto, uye wekare Ellie, uye kunyange muridzi weTutgard Loki vakakanganisa kunyengedza, nekuda kwekuti vakunda.

Mwarikadzikadzi wevaScandinavi vekare

Ukama hwakanyanya kuna Odin ndeyeValkyries, mutongi we (uye uye maererano nemamwe mabhuku - baba) aive. Maererano nemanzwiro eScandinavia, ava varwi-varwi, vakagara pamabhiza anobhururuka, vasingaoneki vakakwidziridzwa pamusoro pehondo. Kutumwa naOdin, vakatora varwi vakafa kubva pasi, ndokubva vatora Valhalla kuimba yamambo. Ikoko vakavashumira, vachitakura uchi pane tafura. Dzimwe nguva vaValkyries vanewo kodzero yekugadzirisa migumisiro yehondo, asi kuti vaite varwi vavo (vakaurayiwa, zvirokwazvo) vanoita vadiwa vavo.

Mukuwedzera kune Valkyries, chikamu chechikadzi chetemheon chaimiririrwawo ne norns - vatatu varoyi, vakapiwa nechipo chechipiri. Vakanga vakakwanisa kutaurira nyore nyore kuguma kwevanhu kwete nevamwari chete, asi nyika seyese. Ikoko akararama aya madhivhi munyika yeMiddle, inogarwa nevanhu. Basa ravo guru nderokudiridza muti wepasi Yggdrasil, uyo hupenyu hwake hwakanga huchivimba nehupenyu hurefu hwevanhu.

Rimwe boka rezvisikwa zvepamusoro zvevanhu vekare raiva diski. Kuteerera kusiyana kwehupenyu hwevakadzi, ivo vaive vadziviriri vevanhu, ipapo vaivengana navo nechisimba. Pakati pezviyeuchidzo zvechimiro chekare cheGermany, chikamu chazvo, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mhemberero dzeScandinavia, magwaro emapelenzi akachengetwa umo zvisingadi zvinonzi kune simba rekudzivisa kuparadzwa kwemauto ehondo uye kusarudza kuguma kwehondo.

Mwarikadzi ane vhudzi rine mvere

Mukuwedzera kune vamiririri vevakadzikadzi chikamu chetemheon, chataurwa pamusoro, mwarikadzi Sif, uyo aiva mudzimai wemwari wemadutu nemutinhiro weTro, akakodzera kutariswa. Kuva mutongi wekubereka, mukadzi uyu, runako hwakaderera chete kumwarikadzi werudo Frey, ave akazivikanwa nokuda kwebvudzi rake rinoshamisa regoridhe, rine nhoroondo inofanirwa kunyatsotarisirwa.

Pane imwe nguva kunaka kwaSeti kwakamanikidza mwari weunyengeri waRoki kuti ave negodo pamusoro pomurume wake Tora. Kutora nguva iyo yaisati iri pamba, Loki akapinda mumba memubhedha kumudzimai wake akarara uye ... kwete, kwete, usafunga chero chinhu - iye akangozvicherechedza. Kunyange zvakadaro, kusuwa kwechinhu chakaipa kwakanga kusiri kuguma, uye murume ane hasha akanga akagadzirira kuuraya murombo, asi akapikira kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Nokuda kweizvi, Loki akaenda kune vashandi vashoma vaigara munyika yenyika, uye vakavaudza zvakanga zvaitika. Vakabvuma kuzvipira kubatsira, kuratidzira unyanzvi hwavo. Gnomes yakagadzirirwa Sif mvere dzendarama chaiyo, zvichiita kuti dzive dzisina kureba, dzakatetepa uye dzakasvibirira, uye iyo pfuma inokura pakarepo uye ichiita seyakarurama. Saka mwarikadzi Seth akava muridzi wemvere dzendarama.

Vamwari ndivo vakanyanyisa vegungwa

Mumwe mumiririri akajeka weScandinavian pantheon ndiye mutongi wegungwa Aegir. Zvinowanzotenda kuti Egir munhu, pakutanga kwezvose, gungwa rakanyarara uye rakanyarara, sezvinoratidzwa nemunhu wake. Ndiye mutambi wekugamuchira vaenzi, vanogamuchira vaeni vachida, uye vachizoshanyira misha yavo. Ishe weMakungwa anogara achida rugare, uye haambobatsiri kupesana mumakakatanwa, kunyanya muhondo. Zvisinei, mashoko okuti "kukura meno aAegir", ayo anokosha mumazuva ekare, ane kukosha kwokumira, anoratidza kuti dzimwe nguva ane nguva dzehasha.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti pane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, semutongi wemakungwa, zvinoreva kune imwe mwari weScandinavia, Njorda, uye anonzi anonyarara uye ane ushamwari, asi Aegir inoratidzirwa semhepo inosvibisa gungwa nemhepo inoita dutu, Nirdu ndiye anofanira kuzvipira kuti aponese zvikepe zviri mumatambudziko. Hazvifananidzi kushamisika, sezvo iyi inongova muenzaniso mumwe chete wekusanzwisisika kwakavapo muScandinavia epic mumazana emakore akapfuura.

Mucheki anoita mapapiro

MuScandinavian pantheon kwaivewo nemwari-mupfuri anonzi Velund. Uyu akashanda nesimba ndiye unhu hwechikamu chevanhu vose veGermany. Zvakaitika kwaari zvakanga zvakaoma uye zvinoshamisa nenzira yaro. Kuva mumwe wevana vatatu vamambo weFinnish (mukuru wepamusoro-soro), asi zvakadaro akararama nebasa remaoko ake. Muhupenyu hwemhuri, murume uyu akanga asinganetsi. Anofarira mudzimai Herwer - musikana uyo dzimwe nguva akatora maitiro echirwere, akamusiya, achisiya chete chindori chemuchato shure kwake. Kutambura kubva pakuparadzana, Velund akavakirwa mazana manomwe ezvinyorwa zvake.

Asi pane izvi zvakaipa zvake hazvina kuguma. Rimwe zuva panguva yekurota, mupfuri-mwari akabatwa neSweden mambo Nydud. Munhu uyu haana kungosiya mutungamiri wekusununguko, asiwo akaremara, achienda kweupenyu hwake hwose akaremara. Akarodza Velunda mujeri, mambo akamumanikidza kuti ashande kwemazuva neusiku, achizvigadzirira zvombo zvake, uye nokuda kwomudzimai wake nemwanasikana wezvishongo zvinokosha. Chero bedzi nekuda kwechiitiko ichocho uye kunyengera kwake, mutapwa akazokwanisazve kuwanazve rusununguko.

Nhoroondo yacho inotaura kuti rimwe zuva mujeri kuWelund kwakauya vanakomana vaNydud, avo vaida, sababa vake, kuva nemapakatwa ekugadzira. Kushandisa nguva, mupfuri wechipfuva akavauraya, ndokubva achigadzira kubva mumateke echeki akavatumira kuna baba vake, uye kubva maziso ezvishongo kusvika kuna madzimambo, uye kubva kumeno ehomwe yei princess. Kuti aende mberi, akachera musikana asingatarisiri kwaari, akamubata chibharo. Vatsiva nenzira iyi, akafara kwazvo pachake, mwari-mupfuri akabhururuka kubva pamapapiro ake oga achigadzira.

New Times - New Characters

Nekupararira kwechiKristu munyika dzeScandinavia, zvose zvimwari zvekare zvekare zvakave nekushandurwa, kutora maitiro evatsvene, kana, kazhinji, zvakanyangarika. Völund akashandurawo zvisingazivikanwi, achibva kubva kune unhu hwaMwari achienda kuchidhimoni. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nebasa rake. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti munguva dzekare vashandi vekugadzira vaibatwa nehumwe chikonzero chekufungira, vachivapa kukanganisa nemweya wakaipa.

Hazvina maturo, mushure meizvi, kuti Goethe, akashandura zita iri, akavapa gamba rake Mephistopheles mune chimwe chezviitiko zvedambudziko "Faust", uyo akazvizivisa iye saWoland. PakuGermany akangwara, zvakawanikwa zvakakweretwa naMikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, asingazvifadzi muna The Master naMargarita, uye kupa hupenyu hutsva kuWelund semuporofesa wemashiripiti aWeland.

A Pamazita duku pakati Nordic vamwari haana kuiswawo pakati kwataita:

• Bragi - mwanakomana wevaNorse.
• Vidar - mwari hondo.
• Hoenir - munun'una wevaNorse.
• Forseti - mwanakomana Balder.
• Fulla - mwarikadzi zvakawanda.
• Air - mwarikadzi chokuporesa.
• Karlovna - mwarikadzi Mercy.
• Ver - mwarikadzi ruzivo.
• Maa - mwarikadzi pasi.
• Skadi - the aidzivirira kunovhima.
• Ullr - mwari kuvhima.