USSR pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic Hondo uye vatorwa mutemo, kudzivirira kugona zvikonzero, international mamiriro, kuwedzera miganhu upfumi

Chimwe chikuru misoro mudzimba uye nyika nhoroondo sayenzi kuongorora zvakanga mamiriro USSR pamusoro avaida Huru Patriotic War. Muchidimbu nyaya iyi inofanira kukurukurwa kubva wandei zvinhu: enyika, zvoupfumi nemaonero, kufungisisa akaoma mamiriro dzakawanda umo nyika akawana pachayo pamberi utsinye yaHitler Germany.

The European mirayiridzo yeSoviet mutemo wehurumende

Panguva zvinhu nguva ari kondinendi kwave panomuka maviri yaiparadza. Panyaya iyi, nzvimbo USSR pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic War raiva richikwidibira chaizvo. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kutora okukurumidzira matanho kuitira kuwana nemiganhu yayo kubva zvichibvira kurwisa. Zvinhu yakanga kuoma ndechokuti, kuti vatsigiri European Soviet Union - France neBritain - akabvumira kupambwa ari Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia neGermany, uye gare gare, muna chokwadi, akatendeuka sevasingaoni basa yose nyika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, utungamiriri Soviet akaita akapa mhinduro yake dambudziko kugumiswa German kurwisa: chirongwa kuumba nhevedzano kubatana vaiva kubatanidza nyika yose mukurwisa muvengi itsva.

USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II, nokuda kuwedzera pamusoro zvechiuto kutyisidzira, akasaina dzakatevedzana zvibvumirwano pamusoro rubatsiro nokuwirirana vadyi nezviito pamwe nyika dzokuEurope uye Eastern. Zvisinei, zvibvumirano izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, uye saka akatorwa zviyero zvikuru, zvinoti: panyaya yokutaura France uye UK kusika sungano kuzorwa Nazi Germany. Kuti aite izvi, munyika yedu mubereko nevamiririri venyika venyika idzi nokuda Nhaurirano. Zvino 2 Makore pamberi Nazi kurwisa nyika yedu.

Relations pamwe Germany

USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yakaoma zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu: zvinogona vatsigiri regai tichivimba paitonga Stalin hurumende, izvo zvaizoitawo haana chikonzero kuenda kwavari kuti zvichemo mushure Munich chibvumirano, icho chaizvoizvo hwatenderwa weboka Czechoslovakia. Mutual kusanzwisisa kwakatungamirira pakuti vakaunganidza mapato vakakundikana kusvika pakubvumirana. kunangiswa kwakadaro mauto akabvumira hurumende kupa Hitler kurutivi Soviet kugumisa munhu asiri utsinye chibvumirano, iyo yakasainwa muna August wegore iroro. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru French uye British nenhume akasiya Moscow. To Chibvumirano pamusoro Non-kurwisa akanga yakatora pakavanda dzakati kupa kunenge weboka Europe pakati Germany uye Soviet Union. Maererano gwaro rino, kuBaltic nyika, Poland, Bessarabia akaziva ive nzvimbo kufarira yeSoviet Union.

The Soviet-Finnish War

Mushure kusaina kuti chibvumirano Soviet Union akaenda kundorwa Finland, izvo anyanya rose 5 months uye akazivisa zvakakomba michina matambudziko zvombo uye nzira. Chinangwa paitonga Stalin utungamiri chaiva kusunda shure kumadokero kumuganhu munyika 100 km. Finland akakumbirwa cede ari Karelian Isthmus, aiswe Areda Soviet Union Hanko kweItari kuti pavakwe wengarava nechimwe. In dzoka, kuchamhembe nharaunda yacho inopiwa muna Soviet yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. The Finnish Zviremera vakaramba padzakanzwa izvi, uye ipapo mauto eSoviet akatanga kurwisana. Tanetseka chaizvo, Red Army akakwanisa circumvent ari Mannerheim Line uye tora Vyborg. Nepo Finland akaita zvichemo, achipa muvengi haisi chete akataura nekamukwavarara uye Peninsula, asi nzvimbo kuchamhembe wavo. Akadaro vatorwa nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II vakauya mhosva dzakawanda, zvokuti akanga risingabatanidzwi nhengo iri League of Nations.

Political netsika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika

Imwe nzvimbo inokosha yomunyika wokuti utungamiriri eSoviet akanga achisimbisa chindingindingi pamusoro rechiKomonisiti bato dzaro yakakwana uye zvachose kudzora zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, bumbiro idzva, iro vakazivisa kuti munyika vakunde gutsaruzhinji, mune mamwe manzwi, izvozvo zvaireva yokupedzisira abolition pachake uye hwokushandisa zvidzidzo rakagamuchirwa muna December 1936. chiitiko ichi akanga agadzirwa kukunda Stalin ari yomukati-party kwokuzvikudza, urwo rwakatora yose yechipiri yezana 30-ies ose XX remakore.

Kutaura zvazviri, aiva muSoviet Union munguva pasi pakudzokorora paiva enyika pevatongi gadziriro. unhu dzeboka womutungamiri imwe yayo huru zvinoriumba. Uyewo, Communist Party wakadzikwa kudzora pamusoro zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu. Ndicho ichi vanachandagwinyira centralization akabvumira zvakarurama nokukurumidza vanounganidzira zvose pfuma nyika kuti vadzivise muvengi. Zvose zvinoitwa reSoviet utungamiriri panguva akagadzirirwa kugadzirira vanhu kurwa. Naizvozvo, mukuru ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna zvechiuto uye nemitambo kurovedza.

Zvisinei, zvinhu ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna tsika uye dzidziso. USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II yakanga ichida evanhu cohesion kuti vanhuwo tinorwisana muvengi. Ndizvo zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa mabasa mabhuku, mafirimu, akatarira akakodzera nguva. Panguva ino, filmed mifananidzo munyika nemauto-nyika dzakanga akagadzirirwa kuratidza umhare kare munyika pakurwisa dzimwe nechisimba. Uyewo, sefa vakaenda mafirimu mbiri umhare basa yeSoviet vanhu, ayo kubudirira mukurima uye upfumi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanga aona mabhuku. Vanyori Soviet Famous vakanga kunyora mabasa akakura hunhu, zvakange kuti afuridzire Soviet vanhu vari kurwisana. Kazhinji, bato yakasvika wayo: kurwiswa German vanhu veSoviet vakamuka kudzivirira kumusha.

Kusimbisa of kudzivirira - chikuru kutungamirirwa mudzimba negwaro

USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yakaoma zvikuru nzvimbo: chaiwoiwo yemarudzi voga, kutyisidzirwa nechisimba, akabata April 1941 vakanga vatova akabata zvinenge yose Europe, wakakumbira rokukurumidzira matanho kugadzirira nyika nokuda kuuya kurwa. Hazvina dambudziko iri uye kuona nzira bato utungamiri ari mumakore gumi.

The upfumi Soviet pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II yakanga iri kumbonyanya yakakwirira azvipire kukura. Mumakore apfuura, nemhaka maviri azere-gore mashanu nguva, simba kwazvo nemauto-maindasitiri wakasikwa munyika. Nokufamba kwemaindasitiri kwaiva kuvaka motokari, tarakita mafekitari, simbi zvigayo, Hydroelectric chiteshi. Munguva pfupi, nyika yedu yave kukunda backlog kumadokero nyika rwokugadzira nemashoko.

USSR kudzivirira zvinogona zvikonzero pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II yaisanganisira dzakawanda nzira. In wokutanga nzvimbo mberi netsika zvaunoda pave ferrous uye nonferrous simbi, uyewo nokukurumidza kumhanya akatanga kubudisa zvombo. Mumakore mashomanana, ayo kurimwa kwave yakawedzera 4 nguva. Matangi itsva, varwi mukuru-nokukurumidza, kurwiswa ndege, asi avo vakawanda kugadzirwa kusina hurongwa zvakasikwa. nepfuti uye zvigwagwagwa zvakavakwa. It kushandisa mutemo pane zvakasikwa muchiuto, saka kuti kubudikidza kutanga hondo munyika aigona kuisa pasi miriyoni shoma vanhu nepfuti.

Social negwaro uye udzvanyiriri

USSR kudzivirira zvinogona zvinhu kuvimba kunyatsoshanda okuwana. Kuti izvi zvidaro, bato akaenda akatevedzana zvikuru matanho: chisarudzo rakagamuchirwa pamusoro maawa masere zuva, nomwe-nesikati vhiki. Kunze komutemo kushaya kubva zvebhizimisi rakarambidzwa. Nokuti kusviba kuti basa vanofanira kurangwa zvakasimba - kusungwa, uye nokuda mukugadzira zvikanganiso munhu pangozi chibharo.

Zvisinei, udzvanyiriri aiva kunoparadza kwakabatsira mamiriro Dzvuku Army. Zvikurukuru nedambudziko navatariri: vamiririri vanopfuura mazana mashanu anenge 400 akanga vaidzvinyirirwa. Somugumisiro, 7 chete% of vamiririri mukuru murayiro mudonzvo aiva dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Pane nhau kuti ungwaru Soviet vachipa yambiro Kusaona kurwisa muvengi pamusoro nyika yedu. Kunyange zvakadaro, utungamiriri uchigere zvokuita kuti vadzivise nechisimba ichi. Yose zvayo, Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kudzivirira kugona of USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II akabvumira nyika yedu kuti kwete chete vapone vanotyisa kurwisa Nazi Germany, asi zvino rambai kurwisa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu Europe

Yemarudzi nzvimbo USSR pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic War zvakanga zvakaoma nokuda kwaita foci ose echiuto. KuMadokero, zvakanga, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Germany. Yaiva isati yose bhizimisi muEurope. Uyezve, zvinogona kuisa mauto anodarika mamiriyoni 8 zvakanaka-zvombo. VokuGermany achiitei nyika dzokuEurope dzakadai kutungamirira uye kukura sezvo Czech Republic, France, Poland, Austria. In Spain, vakatsigira mumwe pevatongi hurumende General Franco. In chiso kuderera yemarudzi mamiriro, utungamiriri Soviet, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ndezvokuti, yega, mhaka vaishumirwa sechinhu yakawiriranwa kusanzwisisa uye nokuvhiringidzika pakati vatsigiri, vakazochinja kwakatungamirira kumigumisiro inosuruvarisa.

Mamiriro kuMabvazuva

Zvinhu zvakaoma ndiko kukonzerwa mamiriro ezvinhu Asia akashandura USSR pamusoro avaida Huru Patriotic War. Muchidimbu dambudziko iri rinogona kunzi kune zvechiuto zvinotarisirwa Japan, izvo nechisimba dzakavakidzana uye akasvika pedyo kumiganhu nyika yedu. Zvino musazonetsanazve nezvombo: mauto eSoviet vaifanira dzinga nokurwiswa nevavengi matsva. Paiva kwehondo pamusoro fronts maviri. Munzira dzakawanda zviri zvakafanana pakuenzanisa simba uye akasunda utungamiriri Soviet pashure kundikana kwakadzama nevamiririri Western kusvika sungano Germany chokusarwisana. Zvadaro, mukuru Eastern Front akaita basa rinokosha muhondo uye ayo kubudirira kupera. Yakanga iri zvinhu nguva nokusimbaradza policies uto raiva rimwe kukoshesa.

upfumi munyika

The womukati nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic War yakanga zvainanga kukura rinorema indasitiri. Kuti aite izvi, zvose masimba vanhu eSoviet zvaikandwa. Zvikasabudiswa pfuma mumusha uye zvikwereti zvinodiwa rinorema indasitiri vakanga chikuru matanho webato kuumba yemauto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa simba. Nokukurumidza kumhanya maviri urongwa-gore mashanu rwaiitwa, panguva iyo Soviet Union kunokunda lag kunyika dzokuMadokero European. Mumusha zvakasikwa guru seboka uye chaiyo akabvisa. Agricultural kugadzirwa raiva zvinodiwa maindasitiri guta. Panguva ino, akapararira pakati vashandi Stakhanov sangano, icho raitsigirwa nebato. basa-kuzadzika dzemunharaunda blanks kuiswa pamberi vagadziri. Chinangwa chikuru yose zvashata matanho akanga kusimbisa kudzivirira kugona of USSR pamusoro avaida Huru Patriotic War.

miganhu kuchinja

Pakazosvika 1940, paiva kukura miganhu USSR pamusoro avaida Huru Patriotic War. Izvi kwaiva pamusana rose-siyana dzimwe mutemo zviyero rakatorwa paitonga Stalin utungamiri kuwana miganhu munyika. Kutanga, vaikurukura sei kufamba muganhu mutsetse kuchamhembe, izvo zvakakonzera, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuti hondo Finland. Pasinei inorema nezvinhu, uye pachena hwokugadzira backwardness of Red Army, Hurumende yeSoviet akaita yake, agamuchira Karelian Isthmus uye Hanko kweItari.

Asi kunyange miganhu kuchinja zvikuru kwakaitika pamusoro kumadokero miganhu. Muna 1940, Soviet Union akapinda kuBaltic chinoda - Lithuania, Latvia uye Estonia. kuchinja kwakadaro akakodzera nguva vane zvinokosha nokuti inodzivirira mapazi zvakasikwa rokugadzirira kubvuta muvengi ane mhando

Kudzidza misoro muzvikoro

Pane nhoroondo XX remakore chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma ndiro dingindira "Soviet Union pamusoro avaida Huru Patriotic War." Grade 9 - ndiko kudzidza dambudziko ndiro saka zvakawanda uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti mudzidzisi anofanira kunyatsoongorora chaizvo sarudza mashoko uye kududzira chokwadi. Akanyanya ichi rinoshanda, Chokwadi, sebenzi asiri utsinye chibvumirano, zviri izvo zvinomutsa mibvunzo uye anopa uchapupu nzvimbo kukurukura uye gakava.

Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kufungawo makore vadzidzi: vechiduku kazhinji havatani maximalist mune mazano avo, saka zvakakosha kuti kuratidza kwavari pfungwa yokuti kusaina imwe gwaro rakadaro kana zvakaoma tuzvikonzero, zvinokwanisika kutsanangura yakaoma mamiriro remarudzi, Soviet Union, Chokwadi, It oga panguva mukuedza kwavo kusika kwegadziriro nemibatanidzwa pamusoro Germany.

Imwe nyaya hapana zvishoma pamakakatanwa - ndiko dambudziko unobva reBaltic nyika kuti Soviet Union. Kakawanda unogona kuwana maonero pamusoro zvavo zvechisimba batanidzo uye kupindira mune dzimwe nhau. Kudzidza chinhu ichi chinoda nokungwarira kuongorora yose wokumwe negwaro mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvichida, nyaya iyi akaumba chete mamiriro ezvinhu ave ari asiri utsinye chibvumirano: mune prewar munguva redistribution ndima uye shandurudzo miganhu vaiva chisingadzivisiki chaiyo. The map Europe hwachinja nguva, saka chero chinhu enyika ari mamiriro inofanira kuonekwa sechinhu kugadzirira hondo.

Plan "of USSR pamusoro avaida Mukuru Patriotic War," chidzidzo, pfupiso iyo inofanira kusanganisira vose vatorwa mutemo uye munyika mamiriro ezvinhu enyika ari mamiriro, vanofanira inobva zera vadzidzi. Mugiredhi 9 anogona kukutadzisa isu kuti zvinokosha arakaitwa munyaya ino. zvinoverengeka anokakavara nyaya kuti akasarudzwa kuti vadzidzi mugiredhi 11 pamusoro yakatarwa dingindira uye kupa nharo pamusoro paro zvimwe zvinhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dambudziko iri vatorwa nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR isati yatanga Yechipiri World War ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzichipesana mudzimai nhoroondo nesayenzi, uye naizvozvo ane nzvimbo nzvimbo akakurumbira purogiramu yokudzidzisa chikoro.

Mune nyaya iyi inofanira kufunga zvose rapfuura nguva Soviet Union. ichi mamiriro zvipfuwo uye vatorwa mutemo akanga zvainanga pakuti kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro dzakawanda uye kuumba mugovanisi hurongwa. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kufunga kuti izvi zviviri zvikuru zvakakonzera zviito kuti yatorwa bato utungamiri iri pachiso kuipa rechiuto pangozi Western Europe.

Kunyange ndagovera emakore, Soviet Union akatsvaka kuwana nzvimbo yaro dzakawanda munhandare. Mhedzisiro izvi kuita chisikwa idzva ehurumende uye kuwedzera ayo zvoupenyu simba. Chete Vanotarisira rakapfuurira kuita mushure kukunda enyika muna German Nazi Party. Zvisinei, zvino, mutemo uyu vakagamuchirwa nemhaka yezvakaita wakakurumidza kwaita foci Hondo Yenyika II muna West uye East. Subject "of USSR pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic War", iro abstracts tafura kukurukurwa pazasi, chinoratidza zvakajeka zvikuru mirayiridzo yomunyika uye kwokunze nomutemo wemadzimambo Party.

Nokudaro, nzvimbo yacho mamiriro pamusoro avaida hondo zvakaoma chaizvo, izvo anotsanangura zviri policies, zvose panguva dzakawanda munhandare uye mukati munyika. Zvinhu kudzivirira kugona of USSR pamusoro avaida Hondo Yenyika II airidza pakuti basa kukunda Nazi Germany.