Richard Nixon - rechi37 President of United States of America. Biography

Munhoroondo yose United States ndiyo imwe chete vakuru vavo nokuzvidira kuruboshwe romukova mangwanani. Vakava Richard Nixon, uyo basa muna 1974. Asi kwete chete kuti chiito yake nokusingaperi akapinda yenhau nguva. Taiva pakuvhiya ayo uye dzimwe nguva hunoshamisa. Zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Childhood uye President kuyaruka

Richard Milhauz Nikson akaberekwa musi waJanuary 9, 1913 muguta rinonzi Yorba Linda, mune jeka California. Vabereki vake vaiva munharaunda rechitendero uye Quakers vakanga kuchinja mararamiro. Baba Niksona Frensis aiva madzinza Scot pamusoro Clan Armstrong. zita ramai vake rakanga Hana, uye rakanga pasi yake simba, mhuri yose vaigara canons ari Quakers.

Kuwedzera Richard, ainzi vachikudza King Richard ari Lionheart, vaviri vamwe vana. mazita avo vari akachengetedzawo kuyeuka British umambo. Zvinosuruvarisa vaviri hama havana rombo zvakakwana kurarama kwacho.

Nixon mhuri varombo. Vabereki kuedza purazi, asi hazvina kushanda kunze zvakanaka. Zvadaro zvakanzi kusiya Yorba Linda uye kutamira kune imwe guta Whittier California. Kune baba yakavhura bhizimisi duku mhuri, zvinosanganisira gasi yemapurisa nyore chitoro. Vanakomana vachishingaira kubatsira naye kutengeserana. Grew ane mwero, zvakaoma-vanoshanda kuchengetedza.

sangano rokutanga dzidzo, izvo akashanyirwa Richard, akava kusekondari Furletone. Richard Nixon aikudzwa nokuda ungwaru, vavariro huru, uyewo mitambo uye nziyo matarenda. School akapedza kudzidza rechisere ari mudzidzi kuita uye pakarepo Kukoreji. Harvard yaizobhadharirwa, asi kuti mwanakomana wake kubhadhara kurarama rimwe guta, mhuri yakanga isina mari.

Kukoreji, remangwana President of United States 37 zvakava kwakajeka mudzidzi uye sezvo zvinobudirira kudzidza ipapo paYunivhesiti Durham, apo nyanzvi kupupura gweta.

Start basa

Apedza, Nixon akanga chikuru urongwa upenyu yemberi. Aida kugara muna Federal Bureau of Investigation, asi pfungwa iyi akafukidzwa "ndarira bheseni". Mukomana akanga asina sarudzo, asi kudzokera California - muna Whittier musha.

Ikoko akanga maoko ake netsoka vane mukuru mutemo zvakasimba Winger uye Beli, apo achangogadzwa gweta kubva 1937 kusvika 1945-Gore yaita kumatare siyana chepamusoro hunhu.

Chokwadi, ichi hachisi pamusoro basa kutanga kurota vaduku chinzvimbo. Asi iye akazobvuma kuti muitiro mutemo akamupa mugove. Uye zvikuru chinobatsira mune zvematongerwo enyika. Uyezve, Richard Nixon akava gotwe kukoreji namatirastii, uyo kamwe iye kudzidza. Panguva iyoyo akanga 26 chete.

Mitambo panguva Second World War

Kana iri Europe, World kwepiri, iyo zvino akapinda uye United States, purezidhendi ramangwana akanga achigara nemhuri yake Washington, DC uye taishanda guru kurapa mutengo murau. Sezvinoita Quaker, akasunungurwa kubva mutoro kushanda muchiuto, asi pashure Japan kurwisa Pearl Harbor vaisagona kugara pamba. In kwavo yakanyatsobatana panhengo vakagamuchirwa US mauto ake wengarava. Kubva 1942 kusvika 1946 yokutanga Nixon aiva mukuru romugove kumaodzanyemba nePacific Ocean. Akadzokera kumba vakachengeteka pamwe chinzvimbo refutenendi wavarwi.

Kutanga zvematongerwo enyika

Mushure kuchinjirwa kune kuchengeterwa Richard Nixon, ane Biography kwave saka zvinoshamisa kwedzimwe vemauto zviitiko, ndakasarudza zvikuru vachinje upenyu hwavo. In ichi akabatsirwa Republicans nomuzikamwi. Tichifunga Nixon chinzvimbo, vanokwanisa uye zvinovimbisa mufananidzo, vakamukumbira kuti kuisa mberi kuchikuva ravo enyika ari mumiriri musarudzo kuti US House yevamiriri.

The chakanga chakagamuchirwa pasina kumbozengurira, uye Nixon pasarudzo. 2 Makore akazotevera, muna 1948, akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzirwa Congress, uye vari 50th vakauya weSeneti kubva mamiriro California.

Pakutanga ake rezvematongerwe, Richard Nixon akaratidza kuva vanoshingaira Anti-dzechiKomonisiti, vakabudirira vakaridza ichi nenzira iri nhengo vakanga vaine kwavakarerekera vavhoti. Uyewo ona kuita kukura ari Marshall Plan.

Simuka uye Fall

Muna 1952 Nixon akanga akamirira chakakomba basa akabvisa. President of United States akava Republican General Duayt Eyzenhauer uye Vice President - mugari wenhaka wokuScotland kumakurukota, mazita kunozivikanwa Chirungu mambo.

In basa ichi, Richard Nixon akakwanisa kushanyira nyika 56 yenyika uye chaizvoizvo United States "kuti kwokunangisa." simba rake pachena mutemo waiva kwazvo. Sezvo Eisenhower kazhinji achirwara uye kubva basa, mutevedzeri wake akava of facto mukuru.

Mutevedzeri-President of America , Nixon akapedza makore 8 - sekuda musoro wehurumende Eisenhower, uyo ari 56th yakanga kuzodzosera ndigowana kechipiri izwi.

Uye pakuguma hofisi "webasa" pamusoro protege wake akatendeka akaedza kutora vemutungamiri chigaro nokutora mugove sarudzo muna 1960. Asi iye akarasikirwa nhangemutange kuna John Kennedy.

Makore chete inosvitswa kukundikana maviri gare gare, akamhanya kuti nesananguro gavhuna California. Pashure paizvozvo, Nixon akasarudza kurega zvematongerwo enyika uye kuzodzosera kuita jurisprudence. Uye mashizha. Kunyange zvazvo pasina refu ...

US President Richard Nixon: refu akamirirwa romukova

In yechipiri yezana 60s enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye "zevezeve" kudzokera Nixon. Republicans akasimba uye aida kurwa. Zvakare kuenda kumba pati, aichimbova mutevedzeri mutungamiri akaita kuedza wechipiri kubvisa zita chivakashure "dzezvakaipa." Uye akabudirira!

Muna 1968 musarudzo dziri Democrats kumeso Hyubertona Humph Republicans vakarasika. yokupedzisira pakakoromoka muduku zvikuru, asi zvakanga zvakakwana kuna Richard Nixon kuva munhu munyika wokutanga.

Chokwadi, akaisa yakawanda nesimba kuti ichi uye akashandisa yakawanda nzira. Chimwe chezvinhu vakabudirira aiva pazano kutamba vanovavhotera ari kuchinja South uye West, dzinozivikanwa kuvhota kuti Democrats.

Muna 1972, Nixon akanga kuzodzosera ndigowana kechipiri izwi. Zvisinei, izvo, kushumira kusvika kumagumo haana mukana.

zvemumba negwaro

37 US Mutungamiri akauya simba kana nyika yakanga "overheated" kubudirira upfumi, izvo zvakaita kuti mukuru mitengo. Kuramba mwero kuchinja, Nixon wakaitwa dzakatevedzana zvinhu kuti zvakabatsira kusimudza kwokupisa kwendangariro.

Somuenzaniso, monetization yave ichiitwa pasi utungamiriri hwake. Nixon achiri zvikuru akaderedza evanhu makomborero zvavakatemwa kudzora kukura mubayiro, yekudyidzana centralized Executive simba munyika. All practicable kumisa mitengo, asi pakazopera chechipiri izwi iri nhumbi munyika vakatanga kuenda zvakare.

Chokwadi, zvakadaro rokubvisa chiito akadana ndichiitawo moods vanhu. Chii mutengo oga yokuderedza dzinopiwa kuvarimi .... Zvichida ichi anotsanangura kurwiswa Richarda Niksona, uyo akagadzirira muna 1974 mumwe Samuel Beek.

Bick aishanda ari mushambadzi uye akanga rombo rakaipa pabasa rake. Dambudziko vanyengedzwa simba, uye rimwe zuva vakasarudza kutsiva. Akaronga hayijeka ndege kuti anorovera nayo kupinda White House, achiuraya pachake uye rose pamusoro US - kusanganisira mutungamiri, iyo, sezvo zvikazooneka, imwe kundikana mushambadzi aida kuuraya makore mashomanana. Sezvineiwo, mutadzi rikaguma munguva uye, pacharo, aigona kuita zvakaipa kuti munhu.

Mutemo wokumwe Richarda Niksona

Panyaya yokumwe mutemo, zvakanga yaitungamirirwa Nixon, pakutanga kwezvose, mumwe rutsigiro zvipikirwa zvake, iyo yava kuti US hondo yokuVietnam kuguma "rugare nokukudzwa."

Nokuti kuzadziswa chivimbiso purezidhendi kunyange nayo kushandisa dzidziso, aizivikanwa munhau sezvo "Nixon Doctrine". Sezvazvakanyorwamo, United States zvachose zvakananga kubatanidzwa mukurwisa rechiKomonisiti hwoudzvinyiriri muna Asia. Zvichakadai, nyika hakuiti pamutoro pachayo ine nyika Arbiter, asi akataura kuti kutumira masoja zvavo pamberi haachazovipo. Uye achapa rutsigiro nedzimwe nzira. Vatsigiri akanga rakarumbidzwa kuramba kuvimba zvakawanda pachavo.

Zvisinei, Nixon vachiri mauto zvakapinzwa imwe nyika. Iye muna 1970 vakava Cambodia. Panyaya ukama Soviet Union, havana kudziyirwa chimwe iyi. President Richard Nixon akashanyira Soviet Union pacharo uye nehondo Leonid Brezhnev, nako zvaitika kukurukura zvinofadza zvikuru, anenge ane ushamwari.

Watergate mashandiro uye kurizaina

1972 sarudzo gore rakatanga Nixon panguva imwe chete kukunda hombe, uye zvakafanana nzeve kukundwa. Iye nechivimbo varohwe Democrat George McGovern uye akapiwa "tikiti" kwenguva yechipiri izwi. Asi pakupedzisira zvose zvakazoonekwa kukuru nyadzi.

Nokukurumidza pashure migumisiro kuvhota pachaunga leaked mashoko pamusoro nokuputsa kupinda muhofisi Democrats, riri pahotera "Watergate" vashori eavesdropping namano. Unhu wehondo "notupukanana" yakawanikwa uye "nenzeve" pachena "zvinokura" kubva kumuzinda vavengi - icho Republicans.

Personal kubatanidzwa chigumbuso, President Nixon akaramba kusvikira ichangopfuura. Asi gare gare, pasi kufurirwa voruzhinji, uchapupu chokwadi uye rakamanikidzwa aoma vasingazvioni.

US Seneti uye House of Representatives imwe impeachment nzira kwakatangwa. Asati asvika pakuguma, purezidhendi yanyadziswa vakasarudza kusiya basa pachake. On pamudyandigere ake, akaudza American vanhu August 9, 1974. Izvi US munhoroondo kwakaitika kokutanga.

Zvichitevera kurizaina pamusoro

Nokuti vamwe, pashure achipindira pasi President Nixon upenyu vakazvipira kunyora sezvo. Ndivo netsamba umo akaedza umutsidzire pachake, uyewo basa iri geopolitics.

Kunyange zvazvo yechi38 US President Gerald Ford rehabilitated Nixon atova mwedzi pashure yokurega neyokupedzisira, mumvuri pamusoro huru hunhu Watergate kwamakuhwa akarara kusvikira parufu rwake. Enyika akanga basa pedyo nesuo, uye tsika mutemo pamutemo wairambidza. Pakutanga, vaviri Nixon akatungamirira akanyarara uye asazivikanwa upenyu California yake kuchamuka, uye muna 1980 vakatamira New York kuti pedyo nevana uye vazukuru.

Personal upenyu Nixon

Richard Nixon ndiye chete muchato. Mukadzi wake - mudzidzisi Thelma Pat Ryan - ndiye yakareba chaizvo uye inorwadza kutsvaka. Kuenderera yokudanana Zvakamubatsira, uye muna 1940 akabata muchato. Wife akabereka vanasikana vaviri.

Pat aiva mudzimai akazvipira. Vachikanganisa yake utano, iye akadzura Nixon mugomba rakadzikadzika hwoupengo umo akawira pashure chigumbuso uye kurizaina. Vyhazhivaya ndaviga murume, akagara pamusoro pake masikati nousiku, Pat chakabereka somugumisiro kuoma rutivi rwomuviri rworuboshwe. Akafa muna 1993, gore kenza yemapapu. Uye murume wake akanga aenda kune imwe nyika chaiyo 11 months - April 22, 1994.

Zvinosuruvarisa Richard Nixon, ane zvemukati uye vatorwa mutemo zvave kunobatsira chaizvo, handina kukwanisa umutsidzire pachake mumeso American munzanga. Uyezve, iye yagadzira mumvuri pamusoro chaipo kupfungwa yapurezidhendi uye vasanyanya chivimbo kusakundika kunyika American huru vanosangana. Asi sezvo nguva inopfuura, zvimwe zvizvarwa inotsiviwa nevamwe, uye zvikuru zvishoma kukanganwika.