Georgia uye Abkhazia: kunetsana chinokonzera

Hondo, kurwisana, chisimba nebope - nguva dzose zvaisiririsa. Kunyanya kana kwacho kunotora kwemakumi emakore. Akazvionera pamusoro njodzi yakadaro anoziva Georgia uye Abkhazia - kurwisana pakati pavo ari kupenya muenzaniso National kupesana ruvengo. Asi nei zvichiitika? Izvi huchakurukurwa.

Ayakaita?

Pane pakawanda maonero pamusoro dambudziko yokurwisana pakati Caucasian marudzi maviri. Mumwe wavo - yakaenzanirana pfungwa, maererano izvo pakati Georgians uye Abkhazians hakuna rikwanise kurwisana, zvakadai pakati vokuArmenia uye Azerbaijanis. Kuti kare ava vaviri pedyo patsika uye ethnically vanhu. Mutual ruvengo dzaimera chete pashure pakarepo kurwisana. It kwakakonzerwa artificially nokushandisa mashoko munhau uye siyana enyika ruzivo.

Asi zvino pane mubvunzo wavatorwa. How kutsanangura utsinye ichi? Iye haagoni kuitika mune Vacuum achishandisa enyika PR-ruzivo.

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi kupa yakasiyana pfungwa. Zvinonzi inobva kuvapo emakore-kare kupesana pakati pavanhu vaviri.

prehistory

Abkhazians - vanhu, ethnically uye tsika pedyo Adygei. Mumazana rechi19 uye rechi20 emakore asina rusununguko, uye vane kuzvionera mune siyana dziri Russian Empire.

Kusvikira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, hugota rakanga pamutemo pasi kudzivirira Turkey. Chete kubva 1810 ari Abkhaz akatanga "nokusangana" muRussia.

Kusvikira 1864 hugota aiva kuzvionera hwakaraswa muna 1866. Zvinonzi vanhu vepo havana kuchigamuchira zvokuita. Makore maviri gare gare vakatanga vakawanda yokumukira uye kuratidzira. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu zvinowedzerwa hondo 1877-1878 Russian-wokuTurkey. Abkhazians ndasarudza kurutivi muvengi. Izvi zvine musoro, kureva. To. The akare-timers kurangarira nguva apo nyika yakanga kuzvionera mukati Turkey. Russian Empire rwakapedza dambudziko nenzira mbiri:

1. Kudzosera kwemahofisi kunze umambo.
2. Miganhu kuchinja.

Pakupera kwezana remakore Abkhazia ano yakakamurwa. Sukhumi dunhu omurume wokuRussia Kutarisirwa dziri Tbilisi uye Gagra pamwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza yaiva chikamu Sea Black province.

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti, kare, ndiye refu nonoka Georgian kurwisana uye Abkhazia. 1992 kwaingova kutanga ruvengo, migumisiro vasina zvabviswa kudaro kure. Pasina kutora imwe SWEDERA nemaonero, ndinoda kuona kuti vasati vapinda USSR kuzvionera yakanga kumbobvira zvakazara chikamu Georgia.

Georgia uye Abkhazia: kurwisana. Chikonzero yokurwisana

Administrative kuchinja Russian Empire ipapo Soviet Union uye kwakaita kuti kunetsana zvombo. Sezvo President munyika V. V. Putin, vaKomonisiti havana kunyange vanokuteyerai yangu, uye mabhomba bhomba pasi nheyo mamiriro, unonyatsoruramisa nyika kupinda munyika, pane miganhu kuzvionera pamwe nheyo federalism. The kunetsana pakati Georgia uye Abkhazia muenzaniso, kutaura zvazviri, simbiso mashoko aya. Kamwe akaparadzanisa mundima USSR aiva chete kuzvionera mukati vokuGeorgia SSR.

Mufananidzo "muvengi" mupfungwa pakati Abkhazians

Ndakatanga kuonekwa uye akaisa kubvira mangwanani 30s. Nhoroondo nguva chimurenga uye hondo yevagari kunoteverwa "Sovietization" ari mamiriro neimwe nzira kunaka mutengo pamwe Abkhazia. Pakutsigira Bolsheviks kuzorwa Menshevik uye White Guard of Georgia, gare gare yakanga yakatora kune yokupedzisira, chete nguva ino Soviet. Mufananidzo muvengi akanga atanga aumbe mupfungwa zhinji. Pashure pezvose, kurwisana pakati chena uye tsvuku pano achipfeka hunhu vazhinji dzinza zvachose chaivo. Vakatambura, Chokwadi, vose Georgia uye Abkhazia.

The kunetsana yakatanga, saka nemhaka yehondo. Vamwe vakatsigira Mensheviks uye nevachena. Georgians. Abkhazians - Bolsheviks. Asi pashure kukunda veboka Lenin achangopfuura zvisiri kuwanikwa vari basa akundwa. The kukundwa of isingakundiki divi mune ramangwana nezvibereko.

Kubva 1930 anotanga tsika uye zviri pamutemo nehanya kuti Georgians vakananga Abkhazians. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Stalin simba munyika mirawo. Georgians vava "vanatenzi" dzakazara of eCaucasus.

Rinotanga "kurwisa" musi Abkhazia pazvinhu:

• The wokutanga chinoda mbiri, rakanga "downgraded" iri chinzvimbo. Kungoona chokwadi chokuti Authority wakapinda vokuGeorgia SSR kunoratidza kusaremekedza kurutivi Abkhaz vanhu nezviremera. It kunonzwisiswa inorwadza pakati vakadzidza uye mukuru chizvarwa. Georgians mumaziso - vavengi. Haisi zvikuru kurasikirwa mamiriro yoga zvokuvhoterwa, asi chokwadi, uyo akanga yakatora Abkhazia.
• Kwakamboitwa vokuGeorgia arufabheti chati.
• Dzidzo kushandurirwa "muvengi" mutauro.
• Wakaitwa immigration Gwaro Georgians muna Abkhazia. Kwemakumi emakore nhamba vanotama kuti chizvarwa vakawanda yakanga 48 kusvika 52. Ndizvo inenge hafu yevagari -. Zvizvarwa Georgia, uyo aiva neropafadzo dzakawanda, kusanganisira yokutanga vakabhadhara. matanho akadaro kuita disenfranchised vanhu munyika yavo, aisagona zvinooneka rakaipa pamusoro hukama pakati maviri pemarudzi yakavakidzana.
• Media muna Abkhazia dzeredhiyo chete Russian uye vokuGeorgia mitauro. Iyewo chamuita kuti Kusagutsikana pakati vomunzvimbo, iyo anokudza tsika dzayo uye tsika.

Pashure Stalin kuti hurumende panguva "nyungudika" munyika inotanga. Akauya gomo vanhu vezvenhau mumutauro wavo, mutauro waamai kuchikoro, nokuderedza rusaruro.

Zvino tinogona kubvunza chepamutemo mubvunzo: "? Ko Abkhazia kunetsana aiva Georgia" The nyaya rinopa mhinduro yakanaka.

Kuedza anongoerekana ari GSPC

Munguva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, Abkhazians airamba secede kubva Georgian SSR. Kakawanda national intelligentsia akateterera kuMoscow pamwe pamutemo seboka tsamba. The dzakakurumbira ndechokuti dating 1977 gore. rakatumidzwa "Tsamba 130" munhau. All of Abkhaz intelligentsia, zvose inozivikanwa uye anoremekedzwa vanhu kuzvionera vakaisa vakasaina dzavo pazviri. "Tsamba 130" kwakanzi vanhu somunhu yorudzii referendamu pamusoro napanobudiwa napo Georgia. Rakabvunza vagari kupinda kuzvionera kana kuti Russia, kana kuti kuumba yoga zvokuvhoterwa, sezvo zvakanga pamberi Stalin.

Abkhazian zvenharaunda komiti vakapomera vanhu vakanga akasaina tsamba, kuti chinyorwa. Muna 1978, pakaitwa kokorodzano nezvenyaya. vatungamiriri vose vechiKomonisiti akashora "Tsamba", achidana varongi kuti "unoranganawo". Saka, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti Abkhazia aiva anopesana Georgia. Nhoroondo kunetsana kwavo havana kutanga "ropa" muna 1992, asi zvikuru kwokutanga.

Panguva iyi, vakuru vakuru vava kutanga "kufadza" vanhu:

• Akabvisa Georgian arufabheti. Asi, akanga ari Cyrillic arufabheti.
• Vakabvumira vakasununguka nhepfenyuro mumutauro wadzo, iyo pamwe wokuRussia uye hurumende vokuGeorgia vaiziva kuzvionera.
• Limited Resettlement kuti Georgians muna Abkhazia, iyo yaimbova nokushingaira anotsigirwa.

vokutanga

Mukupera 80-ies. XX remakore Union akatanga chiwondomoke. Zvakava pachena kuti kurwisana kwemadzinza kuda kuputika. Hurumende Georgian aifanira kunyatsoongorora kuswedera mhinduro yacho Abkhazian nyaya. Asi, vatungamiri Republican Party pakati Patiashvili uye mutsivi wake muna 1989 Gumbaridze akatanga kutamba zvinoratidza kukuda pamwe vezvourudzi, ndichitarisira varambe simba iri zvinoitirwawo pokufa USSR.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu zvokuti taiti kuti Forum "Idgylara" nokuda vagari vose kuzvionera akateterera Gorbachev kundochema pamusoro accession kuti RSFSR. Kana kukanzura hunodiwa pakarepo yokusuma rinokosha muitiro kutonga. Izvi zvinodiwa Moscow iri nyore kuteerera.

Kubva 15 kusvika 18 July 1989 kurangarira Georgia uye Abkhazia refu: kunetsana akanga kwakawedzera kuva nebope zvombo. Vaiva vakabirwa vokutanga. vanhu 12 vakafa. Munhu wose vakanzwisisa kuti ichi ndicho chete "chiratidzo chokutanga", kwete kure hombe-pamwero uto kunetsana. Georgia uye Abkhazia anotanga kurovedzwa.

Kuparara Soviet Union: ari inviolability pamiganhu uye kodzero marudzi yokuzvisarudzira?

Saka chii chinokonzera kurwisana pakati Georgia uye Abkhazia? Mubvunzo uyu unonetsa kupindura pakarepo uye zvinonyatsoteerera. Mu "Georgia uye Abkhazia: kurwisana. Chikonzero "isu akaongorora nhoroondo nemidzi makakatanwa. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet wehurumende akawedzerwa vachiri pamutemo. Zvisinei, matambudziko akadaro vakatarisana anorwisana mapato kwete chete. Vakawanda vaimbova dzeSoviet, zvionera uye omunyika vatambi akawana pachavo nematambudziko akaoma kusarudza: zvokuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai?

Legal dzemunharaunda kuti anopikisana

• Nheyo inviolability pamiganhu yeGeorgia sezvakatenderanwa UN Resolution.
• Kodzero dzavanhu Yokuzvisarudzira. Sezvo kwemitemo dzakawanda, yakasainwa ne United Nations. Uyezve, pamwe pokugadzwa Soviet Union , Lenin, pasinei paanopikiswa ari mubato yomukati denderedzwa, kusanganisira Stalin, vakabatsira kuti Union Treaty musimboti federalism chirongwa chete vakasununguka kodzero secede kubva Union chinoda. Zvionera District uye omunyika vatambi vane kodzero dzakadaro.

In tsika, Chokwadi, izvi zvakanga zvisiri. Izvi chete aizviti kuzivisa. Abkhazia katatu vakaedza secede kubva Georgia. Asi iye akaramba.

Asi! Pamutemo Communist Congress haasati akasimbisa kodzero vanhu Abkhazia kuti secede. E. Zvinenge zvionera utariri haritsigiri zvinodiwa vemo. Somugumisiro, mutemo wokutsiva yokuzvidira kushaya haana kubvaruka kusvikira muna 1989.

Ezvinhu ari administrative midziyo kwave kuvakwa nenzira sezvo kudzivisa pamutemo pokufa USSR. Pamwe kuuya nesimba Gorbachev, kuchinja zvose zvinoshamisa. Zvino akadanidzira nheyo democratic sarudzo. Kunyange musoro ehurumende akava purezidhendi akasarudzwa muna yesarudzo yenyika, pane Munyori Central Committee of CPSU. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvino haasi Republican Party matare kusarudza kupa aiva nomukurumbira kodzero ngavabude, kuti zvakanga zvisingabviri, uye vanhu vakawanda. It Abkhazia uye aida kushandisa kodzero iyi.

1992 uye kuchinja kuti bumbiro idzva "wekare"

Inongova pamusoro Constitution muna 1925. Munhu apo Lenin "kugadzirisa" ose chinoda takasununguka secede kubva USSR. Maererano US muenzaniso, apo yokutanga inoti "vakasununguka" nokuzvidira vaiva pehurumende uye zviri nyore kubuda pairi. In zvose nyika, kodzero iyi nokusingaperi akatora hapana kuti kukundikana.

Asi Supreme Council of Abkhazia asarudza kudzivirira kodzero iyi secede kubva Georgia. Kana muna 1977 uye 1989, izvi sezvinoita vanhu pasina vatsigire remunharaunda komiti, ratova pamutemo simba repamusoro iri kubatana pamwe vazhinji zvavo vomunyika rakazivisa kurega kwavo.

Maererano Constitution muna 1925, Abkhazia - mambo hurumende riri nenheyo voluntariness uye kuenzana ndiyo chikamu USSR. Chokwadi, kubva pamutemo nemaonero, hapana ainge kodzero kuramba zvokuvhoterwa waro chinzvimbo uye "chijana" kuti kuzvionera. Asi panguva iyoyo nyika vaigara pasi remitemo 1978, zvaakatadzisa yakadaro chiito zvisiri pamutemo.

Kwehondo

June 23, 1992 Supreme Council Authority akazivisa yezwi remitemo 1925, maererano iyo nyika yakazvimirira repamutemo. Kwapera mwedzi, Georgia akabatana UN, iyo akamupa mukana pamutemo "kugadzira" nokuda muganhu zvokuvhoterwa kuti asati pokuwa USSR. Zvino, Abkhazians, kubva nemaonero mutemo dzakawanda, vaiva separatists harina nheyo yepamutemo hurongwa. Kanga pakati Georgia uye Abkhazia anova harinzvengeki.

kushorwa nzendo

1. Of 1989-1992. - enyika uye zviri pamutemo. mativi Vose paakaedza pfungwa yake maonero, tichishandisa zviri pamutemo nzira. Abkhazians nharo kuti chiito chokupinda nyika yavo Georgia hakusi pamutemo. Maererano Constitution muna 1925, Hurumende akapinda Soviet Union pamusoro hwaro zvakaenzana. Zvinoreva kuzviisa pasi mumwe sangano mumwe haaruramiswi. Kutamburira raiva mukati "Abkhazian" vanhu. Mutemo kukurudzira kutama kubva Georgia aita basa rayo. The vanhu yakaumbwa nokupesana. "The pamutemo yakarurama" pakati Abkhazia wakarurama kuti Georgia pacharo, iro vakaedza secede kubva USSR, mumwe wokutanga. Zvinopa chikonzero chinzvimbo yakadaro kodzero marudzi kuzvisarudzira. Somugumisiro, Abkhazia anogona kushandisa nhungamiro imwe chete, uye kuti secede kubva Georgia.
2. In 1992-1994. - zvombo kukakavadzana.
3. 1994-2008 gg. - kuedza kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu norugare.
4. 2008 - kusvikira ikozvino - the panova makakatanwa. "5-zuva hondo" uye kuita kurwisana nezvombo reRussia. Kuzivisa rusununguko. Asi hapana inoshanduka. Zvino vakanga hwokuzvimirira mumwe uye Georgia Abkhazia kunetsana. Muchidimbu nezvazvo pashure.

Georgia pachayo akaparadza pamutemo kuumbwa, izvo wakarurama kuvapo kwayo Zvinoumba Abkhazia. Muna 1992 iye akapa Constitution of USSR muna 1978. E. It anogadza muenzaniso, iyo rinokamukana migove pachake.

Muna August 1992, Abkhazia akapinda dzose vokuGeorgia mauto pamwe rinorema atirari uye dzehondo. Zvakatanga huru-pamwero hondo. Kuwedzera vakatambudzwa, hazvina kuuya zvachose kuna Georgia. A nharaunda simba kuzvionera (240 zviuru. Pers.) Akapa chinhu. Kukarukureta of wechipfuwo mberi haaruramiswi. Uyezve, vaviri vokuGeorgia enclaves dzaiwanika muna Gagra uye Gantiadi izvo akabvisa. Vagari dzavo akadzingwa.

migumisiro

Simba Georgian Diaspora (vanenge hafu yose population), izvo kwemakumi emakore zvishoma nezvisho- kudirwa Abkhazia, nokuriparadza kubva mukati, pakarepo vakasiya kuzvionera. Hondo vakauya vanenge 20 zviuru. Rufu, inova mugove zvakadaro diki ezvinhu.

Vapoteri sezvo bhizimisi

Gangaidzo nyaya iri pamwe vapoteri kwemakore. Under mutemo dzakawanda, ava ndivo vanhu vari Interstate kurwisana vanoda rubatsiro. Ava vapoteri Georgian uyo akasiya Abkhazia.

Asi chinoshamisa mufananidzo: yose Vagari 240 zviuru Georgians muna Abkhazia akabuda (munyika dzakasiyana) .. Asi pamutemo mabhuku sokuti nhamba -. 300 zviuru mamiriro anojekesa rubatsiro rwemari inopiwa kuvapoteri. UN allocates $ 6 pamunhu pazuva. Mari inowana pamutemo coffers Georgia, iyo subsidy iwayo kugutsikana. Sezvingatarisirwa, kwaiva "vapoteri", nokuti icho bhajeti awana vakadzikama chitsama. Maererano pamutemo zvinyorwa, 1 mamiriyoni 800 zviuru. Dollars por zuva UN rubatsiro.

Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti pamutemo wenyika Abkhazia anozivikanwa Georgia. T. k. The UN inofanira kubatsira vapoteri. Somugumisiro, vachikumbira rubatsiro rwemari, Georgia anoziva chokwadi kuti vanhu ava vari kubva imwe yakazvimirira ezvinhu. Pashure pezvose, muUN havasungirwi kupa rubatsiro rwemari iri zvinoitirwawo kupesana imwe nyika.

"5-zuva hondo." Russian Help

The womukati kunetsana pakati Georgia uye Abkhazia uye South Ossetia kwakawedzera kuva dzakawanda pamwe Russia. Zvino August 2008. Georgian atirari akazarura moto rugare guta kuzvionera, zvisinei kuvapo pakati pavo Russian Federation anochengetedza runyararo mauto pasi UN mureza.

Chiito ichi akaonekwa neMutungamiri Russian D. A. Medvedevym sezvo yaiurayiwa rugare nevanhu Abkhazia uye South Ossetia. Achitungamirirwa remitemo, maererano izvo hurumende anodzivirira vagari vahwo uye kuzvionera vakanga vakawanda, mukuru mukuru akarayira kuti "kudzivirira" vanhuwo zvavo uye kuita chiito "runyararo rawo". In Abkhazia vakapinda Russian dzose mauto.

Varwi vakashanyira ikoko, ndine kodzero yekubatsira kune vatori vechikamu mune zvehondo. Abkhazia neGeorgia ndivo nhau dzedzimwe nyika. Nokudaro, ani zvake ainge aripo, ane kodzero yemhare yehondo, uye kwete wekuita basa rinopesana nemagandanga, semunharaunda yeChechnya neDagestan.

Kurwisana pakati peGeorgia neAbhizia muna 2008 kwakaguma mushure memazuva mashanu nehurukuro pamusoro pekusununguka kweRepublic. Zvechokwadi, vashomanana chaizvo vanhu vanocherechedza ichi chimiro munharaunda yenyika.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kupesana pakati peGeorgia neAbakhazia muna 2008 ndiyo yekutanga hondo yakashonga kubva pakuona kwemitemo yepasi rose, umo Russia yakabatanidzwa kubva panguva dzeGreat Patriotic War.

Mhinduro

Nyika mbiri dzakazvimiririra dzakaonekwa pane mamiriro enyika yose - Georgia neAbkhazia. Kurwisana, pasinei neizvi, hakuna kumira. Nhengo mbiri dzichadzivirira kodzero dzavo nguva dzose. Zvino Abkhazia inotsigirwa neRussia, iyo isingagoni kuita izvi muna 1992-1994. Inopikisa iripo, nzira dzezvematongerwe enyika uye dzezvemari dziri kushandiswa. Asi zvinoratidzika kuti rugare muCaucasus pakati pevanhu vaviri ava ichasimbiswa chete apo munhu wese anoona kodzero yevanhu kuronga kuzvitonga. Mushure mekutonga kwaSaakashvili, Georgia iri kuedza kugadzirisa ukama hwepabonde neMoscow. Zvinodavirwa pamatunhu aya zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, munhu wose anonzwisisa kuti Georgia haazombobvumi kurasikirwa kwenyika idzi. Kurwisana kusati kwagadziriswa.