Rocket "yars": hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye mifananidzo. Intercontinental ballistic chombo

Asi ngationgorore kuti RS-24 "yars" - Russian yakasimba mafuta intercontinental ballistic chombo paShiro uye pafoni pekugara, akashongedzerwa Anopatsanura aitungamirira chikamu?

Chakasimudzira akakurukura Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering kutongwa Yu S. Solomon (academician). Kazhinji chitundumuseremusere "yars" ane yoku- shanduro chombo "Topol-M". tsananguro Tactical uye hwokugadzira kuvakwa haina pachena. Mune ramangwana, zvinonzi akaronga kuti kutsiva RS-20 uye RS-18 yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs uye, pamwe chete "Topol-M" akaumba hwaro Strategic Chombo Forces bhurigedhi.

nyaya

Wanga uchiziva kuti ballistic chombo "yars" rine nhoroondo dzinofadza zvikuru? Tichadzidza zvino.

Muna 2007, musi waMay 29 pa nzvimbo "Plesetsk" vakaita wokutanga bvunzo pakuparurwa zvombo izvi. Vakanga zvinobudirira akarova chipfuro pa nzvimbo "Kura".

Uye musi December 25 chete-siyana akabata wechipiri bvunzo yacho RS-24.

Wechitatu rinovharidzira chitundumuseremusere pakuparurwa pamwe chete nzira sezvo yapfuura ndivo, yakaitwa muna 2008 musi 26 November.

On nguva kuguma mukuru anoedza intercontinental chombo RS-24 "yars" kushumwa mashoko akasiyana chaizvo kana zvakanyorwa mumapepanhau pamusoro apera muna 2010, ndiye aitungamirira Mugadziri installation zvaaitaura- kuti miedzo dzaguma mumwedzi mishoma kwa2009. Zvichida ichi ndicho nokuda dzisakarurama mashoko chaiwo kwokupedzisira hurumende nekuongororwa chirongwa uye deadlines nokuda rakasungwa vanozivikanwa mumuedzo zvaakacherechedza.

Deploying

Rocket "yars" akanga kufanorongwa RVSN (Strategic Rocket Masimba), kuRussia nemauto-maindasitiri dzakaoma 2009. Yaiva rechiuto kweuto chombo Mobile gadziriro akashongedzerwa musoro kupatsanurwa zvikamu zvokutanga. Chokwadi chokuti sangano iri kuverenga pakati RS-24 wokutanga kwave pamutemo nekusimbiswa July 2010, V. A. Popovkinym - weGurukota Defense.

The rechiuto yechipiri ine chitundumuseremusere launcher muna December 2010, akatanga kutakura experimental revarwi basa iri Ivanovo nharaunda (Teykovsky chombo kupesana). Saka, intercontinental ballistic chombo "yars" akanga aine chehondo wokutanga, vanotora pamusoro yokurinda 2011, musi waMarch 4, iine battalions vaviri RS-24, akatakura pabasa kubva 2010.

Zvinofadza kuti wokutanga chombo mauto, nezvombo PGRK "yars" muna Teykovsky chombo chikwata chaiva muzhizha ra2011 zvizere vapedza (mapoka matatu, pfumbamwe AAP). Muna 2011, musi December 7, mune imwe rechiuto vakatanga kutakura experimental kurwisana basa hondo yechipiri, iro raiva rimwe chombo rechiuto uye regimental Mobile murayiro romukova (Muyambo).

Second Brigade zvakafanana chemazana chehondo akatanga basa December 2011. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza 2012 uwandu achangogadzwa MS-24 yakasvika 15 apu pamwe zvitundumuseremusere. By September 2012 chikwata vakabata Mobile "Yarsami". Uwandu AAP RS-24 "Yars" zvino kuenzana 18 (nhanhatu mapoka maviri pasherufu).

Pakapera 2012 chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "yars" yakabuda Kozelsk, uye Novosibirsk Chombo yeimwe (Kaluga nharaunda, angu shanduro zvakaoma). Muna 2013, yakanga zvizere kuzodzosera akashongedzerwa chombo regiments of Tagil. Irkutsk chombo Kupesana uyewo ane chombo itsva.

Intercontinental chombo "yars" kwakatangwa usiku kubva cosmodrome "Plesetsk" muna 2013 kubva 24 kusvika 25 December. Muchiedza zvakanaka. Battle of projectile yakarova nangananga pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula.

Nenzira, yaiva uwandu 33 zvipenga chitundumuseremusere "yars", pamwe neimwe warheads mana, akanga ari maoko Strategic Chombo Forces kubudikidza kutanga 2014.

Uyezve, muna 2014, 14 April, pa 10:40 GMT pamwe maneuverable triggering mudziyo kuti riri cosmodrome "Plesetsk", kushanda yakakumikidzwa "yars" chombo vakashongedzerwa aine musoro kupatsanura chikamu. Mushandirapamwe akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kuedza zvombo kugadzirwa Votkinsk (kuzvidzora uye bvunzo series). Nepo pamutemo mabhuku akashuma kuti chiitiko mabasa zvave zvakazara rakatangwa.

On December 26 pa 11:02 GMT ne "Plesetsk" chombo pasi-kwakavakirwa tikaisa yakatangwa. Training projectile aigona rova huru pamusoro Kamchatka panzvimbo "Kura".

Features "yars"

Asi, zvinotaurwa "yars" (chitundumuseremusere)? zvachiri unofadza zvikuru. projectile uyu-padanho matatu hwakasimba mafuta ICBM nyore kubuda. It akasikwa ari kwezana remakore pamwe Makambani Russian.

RS-24 "yars" The chitundumuseremusere haruzvitsvakiri kufanana zvakananga tateguru kwayo - zvinoita zvokukandwa "Topol-M" RS-12M1 / RS-12M2, yamakaramba yakadzama shanduro RS-12M "Topol": ine ano Kwevadzidzi uye mugove musoro.

Ballistic chombo "Yars» inobudisa Blunt mugove kutungamirira (MS) uye munhu Inenge kutigumbura (MIRV). A "Topol-M" akashongedzerwa monobloc MS (kuedzwa achifambisa uye pusa MS). Zvichida 2020 iri tandem RS-12M - RS-24 ICBM kuva chikamu chimwe chiedza muna mira uye foni anotsanangura shanduro. pfungwa iyi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvoupfumi kurongeka anoruramiswa.

Gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rapfuura

Muzana remakore rapfuura iri 80-90s Strategic Chombo ICBM vakapakata nezvemarudzi mashanu mukirasi chiedza uye dzavo shanduro. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikukutu-mafuta uye mvura-mafuta zvombo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anodawo mari zhinji dzakaderera kwezvipimo vamapoka chete chakarurama kuti akaita yokutevedzera chiedza-kirasi yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs. Asi mune zvimwe zvikuru kune efficacy okupedzisira "yars".

Somuenzaniso, mvura SS-18b achienzaniswa kuna PC 24 anotakura zvaitoshamisa MIRV. kurwa midziyo yake uye zvino kuvandudzika. A yoga nyaya anoonekwa kuva ICBM survivability, pamwe ivhu anopa nzira chinenge chitima.

Tichifunga zviri pamusoro apa zvinhu, uyewo kukosha kwokuramba parity kuisa warheads uye vatakuri dzavo (maererano zvibvumirano nzira dzinokosha tsamwisa zvombo), kubva 2009, basa riri kuitwa pasi kukura wechipfuwo inorema mvura ICBM chikamu panzvimbo RS-20b ( "Voivod"). Kazhinji, nokuti Russia zvazvinosarira mubvunzo yakazaruka pamusoro kudzoka reserves kusarudzwa ICBM RS-22V.

Zvinofadza kuti ICBM negoho zviratidzi zvakabatanidzwa enyika kubatana - the "rudzi" nzira dzinokosha zvombo, izvo dzakaita matanho okuchengetedza pakutsoropodzwa yenyukireya - chombo kudzivirira (BMD). In the US muna 2002, agumisa chesungano iri kuderera kwemitambo chombo kudzivirira enyika kubudikidza 1972. nyika iyi pave idzva vaizotibata chombo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa, kusanganisira zvikamu zvaro muEurope. The gadziriro iri rakatangwa muna 1991. Kusikwa America National chombo kudzivirira zviri pamutemo formalized muna 1999 dzakaitisa nomuedzo zvinhu zvayo wokutanga.

"Yars"

Kupfuurira kujekesa chii chinoumba "Yars" (chitundumuseremusere). zvachiri akakodzera kuteererwa. Kuitwa pakati projectile ari kuvaka-up of chombo kudzivirira zvivako zvakaitwa ivepo America, sezvo apera muna 2009. Nguva ukoshi of START-1 chibvumirano, izvo akabvumira kukura yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs aine chimwe-chimedu kutungamirira chikamu.

Uye chii anoisa wechipiri asymmetric Russian kufarira US danho iri chombo kudzivirira? Rocket "yars" airspeed hwaibudirira kwazvo. Uyezve, yandirova mumwe kugadzikana kukuru panguva ndima achishandisa murayiro kuvimbisa US chombo kudzivirira hurongwa. Uye vachiri haina kuchinja zvinhu kukanganisa renyukireya kuputika (PFYAV).

Nyanzvi dzakawanda vanoti kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "yars-M" ane unhu zvinoshamisa. Saka, zvinoshingaira munharaunda trajectory zvombo ipfupi. Duku nokukurumidza yakatarwa inopa zvimwe zvokufambisa mutariri wemisanganiswa zvokufonongonwa mafuta chitundumuseremusere propulsion Motors (SRM). Goko pakutanga purogiramu kuita rinoshamisa. Zvakakodzera zvinopfuura kurwisa chombo renyukireya kuputika gore.

Sezvineiwo, "yars", mukusiyana kune yapfuura RS-12M rinoshandiswa asingadi sei simba remagetsi pulses nhungamiro hurongwa. Kazhinji, asi Newest zvivako pakaunda (pcb) BMD kuderedza mukana kuti kubatwa ane aitungamirira dhipatimendi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinangwa hornblende-pcb hazvigoni kupatsanurwa kubva uto dzakabatana munzvimbo remagetsi vibrosoundtouch. Kushandisa parameters izvi zvinogona kuumba dzinenge dzose asarudza pahwaro exoatmospheric, uye nokuisa kuti zvinopfuura nharaunda kunze penguva kudzikira bazi nzira kwebasa aitungamirira mugove.

Pano kokutanga akashandisa nyepera vanonangwa pamwe superhigh chisarudzo uye kukwanisa kusatevedzera radar. CSR zvinoreva kanganisa parameters nomubereki rokufambira, akagadzirwa radar rokutora goko, emagetsi guru chipingaidzo, aerosols, izvo zvinopa michini mwaranzi, uye zvichingodaro.

Description mitambo

Zvakanaka, zvichida, vaverengi vazhinji nechokwadi kuti chombo "yars-M" ane unhu zvikuru? Ticharamba zvakadzama kudzidza ichi chinoshamisa zvakagadzirwa! Zvinozivikanwa kuti marongerwo zano iri chombo, sezvo tichienzanisa RS-12M hakuna kushanduka. Its vakapakata yakasimba propellant aimuchengeta tselnomotannym muviri mhando "guurwa", yakagadzirwa anoumbwa nevazhinji nezvinhu.

chitundumuseremusere nokukurumidza "yars" rakanaka chaizvo. Kusiyana yayo 'Topol' tateguru iri mudariro rokutanga tandem haina vakapakata yekamuri aerodynamic stabilizer uye vakasunungura. Ndege inotongwa mune basa chokutambudzika akatendeuka zvishoma recessed kamwene zvakavakwa pachishandiswa imwe kwakavharwa nenyama hinji, izvo kusundira kure huru Vector pamusoro injini (zvese).

Russian chitundumuseremusere "Yars" vakapakata kamwene zviyero, izvo zvakagadzirwa kabhoni-kabhoni zvinhu. The kamwene inoisa zvombo izvi zviri kwakavakirwa-dimensional matatu nezvatinovavarira Akazadzisa kabhoni-kabhoni chizvaro.

The chombo iri akashongedzerwa ane inertial kudzora hurongwa. The kunzwisisa chikwata mukuru-nokukurumidza mano Hydrostabilized kuchikuva (GSP) kwakavandudza kururama parameters. The Newest digitaalinen kadambari Upland kunzwisisa (ODCC) ane wakawedzera kugona uye kuramba PFYAV.

Zviya, intercontinental ballistic chombo RS-24 "yars" sighting kunosimbiswa kubudikidza Implementation ane zvionera azimuth vasabatwa kudzora Unit, riri pamusoro GSP. basa iri anoitwa pasi murayiro mano yakaoma, riri pamusoro kanda canisters aiendeswa chokufambisa (TPK).

Rocket "Yars-M" iri dzakanaka tichienzanisa prototypes, anobatsira kushandisa mwero fissile zvinhu. Kare aitungamirira mupanda wokutanga muna Russian tsika zvombo, iyo yakaiswa pamusoro MBR pasina kuidzwa zvikamu uye zvinoumba mune zvenyukireya kuputika.

By Fananidzo nokushandiswa RS-12M chombo RS-24, RS-12M1 (2) kuti Mobile uye mira kunoitika nzira yakavakirwa kushandisa TPK. Tanga mu izvi nyaya mbiri muduri: a muitiro nevezera emagetsi vakavhiyiwa upfu (Pad).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, nokuda dzakasiyana anodawo ezvinhu zvitundumuseremusere mira uye Mobile neshanduro, uyewo chidzoke mitemo siyana kudzivirira PFYAV, yose kubatana zvombo uye TPK chizadzike. Zvakanditorera zvayakaita siyana zvokushandisa zvinodiwa kudzinga zvawakarairwa WPK uye mugaba. Somuenzaniso, kuti mugodhi shanduro chombo panguva kanda aishandisa nhovo kunodzivirira SPRM Danho rokutanga amplification ane gasi nevezera. A tireyi haana zvaidikanwa Mobile shanduro, nokuti kumanikidzwa yakanga yakaderera zvikuru. Nokuda peculiarities ari yangu uye uremu zvausingakwanisi kuti chombo-inobva shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana STRUCTURAL zvinhu TPK.

Zvinotevera tafura inoratidza kukosha parameters.

	MS-12M1 (2)	RS-24
Number matanho	3	3
Kunonyanyisa rwendo kutiza,? Km	10500
The vaifanira kutanga uremu, t	47,1
Active simba mutariri chikwata MM	0.55	0,15, 0.3
The vakawanda anotungamirira mugove, kureva kuti,	1.2	1.2-1.3
Miganhu, m
urefu	22.7
The dhayamita wokutanga cladding wokutanga, m	1,86	1,86
The dhayamita rechipiri cladding wokutanga, m	1,61
The dhayamita yechitatu cladding layer M	1,58	1,58
CWE, m	200-350

"Yars" The chombo anozvikudza yepakutanga garandi nguva kuchengetwa, yaiva nemakore gumi nemashanu okuberekwa.

bvunzo

Iwe mawana zvakaita "yars" - mumwe chitundumuseremusere? kwebvunzo yakaitwa muna 2014 musi December 26 panguva cosmodrome "Plesetsk" pa 11:00 GMT. Kunobudirira kanda akatsinhira Colonel Egorov Igor, ari Office of Commissioner rwokubudisa basa Defence Ushumiri pamusoro chombo mauto.

Akati kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "yars-24" akakwanisa kuita zvose mabasa, "Kudzidza basa zviumbu vouta huru pamusoro Kamchatka panzvimbo" Kura "ane kupiwa zvakarurama."

Egorov akacherechedza kuti aipedza kukuedzai chaiva kuzosimbisa hwokugadzira simba kupomerwa zvakasikwa muna 2013-2014, uyewo operative uye varwisane parameters yacho zvakaoma.

IDB

Chii MBR? Izvi intercontinental ballistic zvombo "pasi-pasi,", iro rinogona kukunda 5500? Km. Mhosva yakadaro kazhinji vakapakata kurwa zvenyukireya nhengo. Vari kushandiswa kuparadza muvengi sokuronga zvinokosha zvinhu yakaiswa mumakondinendi kure.

popularization

First panyika ballistic chombo R-7 akanga vakabudirira akaedzwa muSoviet Union 21 August 1957. Nyaya iyi kushandisa muna 1960. American ICBM SM-65 Atlas vakabudirira vakapfuura kuongorora muna 1958. Iye akazviratidza muuto 1959 (a gore yapfuura kupfuura P-70). Nhasi, ICBM hondo zvombo Russia, UK, USA, China uye France.

Israel panyaya yaro Holdings iyi mhando muripo inotevedzera zvakafanana negwaro sezvo iri nyaya nhaka zvombo zvenyukireya - kana anoramba kana kunoratidza kuvapo kwayo munharaunda yayo. Kutaura zvazviri, hurumende iyi inobvisa kaviri kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu: kokorodzano yemarudzi akawanda kuti kudzorwa chombo michina nokuparadzirwa hakuiti kubatana, asi anoramba makakatanwa pedyo nyika panyaya yavo chaiyo kuita.

Kukura kwavo yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs North Korea, India uye Pakistan.

South Africa, ichida kurwisana neSoviet bloc uye nyika dzekuMadokero, muma1980, yakasimbisa RSA-3 ICBM (nechitsigiro chaIsrael), asi mushure mokuputsika kwehurumende yehutongerwe enyika haina kuitora.

Zviitiko zveHondo Yenyika II

Zvinonakidza kuti Nazi Germany yakatanga basa pakusikwa kweI ICBM kutanga. Werner von Braun muzhizha ra1942 yakatungamira kutanga kweiyo "America", nenzira iyo A9 / A10 missile yaizosikwa. Nyanzvi dzakagadzirisa mutero wematanda maviri pamusoro pemafuta emvura ane masendi zana, anokwanisa kubhururuka kusvika kure kusvika 5000 km.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti, maererano nehuwandu hwemazuva ano, A9 / A10 zvakafanana zvinoreva kumhosva kwemarefu ari kure. Asi yakagadzirirwa senhumbi dzomukatikati dzenyika dzinogona kurova kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States. Nenyanzvi, A9 / A10, zvisinei, yakanga isiri missile yeBallistic, sezvo yakanga yakagadziriswa nechepamusoro-soro yemapapiro ekufungidzira sechimbo chine mapapiro.

Kutanga kwemhosva iyi pakutanga nekupakati kwekufambisa kwakaitika kuburikidza neredhiyo mabheoni. Vakatungamirirwa kune chinangwa mberi uye vakagadziriswa nemutyairi panguva yakakodzera, mumagumo. Murume ari kuita basa rakakosha zvakadaro, nguva pfupi isati yasvika, akasiya pamba duku reparachute ndokugara pamusoro peAtlantic Ocean mushure mekuita nzvimbo yekuenda kune imwe nyika.

Mamwe magwaro anorondedzera kuti miedzo muurongwa hwekusika kweA9 / A10 yakabatwa musi wa8 ne 24 Mutambo 1945, asi mukurwisana kwaisingafaniri kushandiswa.

Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinotaura kuti basa purogiramu harina kumbofambira mberi mberi kupfuura mifananidzo (iyo inonyanya kunzwisisika). Nenzira, maGermany akatsiva hutambudzi hwehupenyu hwakarongeka paupersonic speed, zvichida, naizvozvo, A9 / A10 system haigoni kushanda.

Mushure mokukundwa kweGermany, America uye USSR kubva munharaunda yaro yakaenda kunhamba yakawanda yemagwaro, nyanzvi uye nheyo dzezvinhu zvekutsvaga roketi.

Injini

Uye ikozvino tichapa hanya zvishoma majini. Shanduro dzekutanga dzeI ICBM dzakashandiswa nemajini emagetsi emotokari: vasati vatanga, vaifanira kupfutidza nefeteri yetiketi kwenguva refu. Kugadzirira kuiswa kweendiza kwakatora maawa akawanda, asi kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira kwakaitwa munyaya yemaminitsi. Kuti ishandise zvinonzi cryogenic components (R-7), zvigadzirwa zvekutanga-up zvakaoma zvikuru.

Zvose izvi zvinyorwa zvinorema zvishoma nezvigadzirwa zvezvombo izvi. Mazuva ano ICBM dzinoshandisa injini dzinoshandisa kana mafuta akaoma kana kuti mvura yakatsvaira yakawanda inopisa uye inokurudzira refueling.

Chimiro chakadaro chinotakura muti unotakura uye unotanga midziyo uye unopa kune mutengi. Nokudaro, zvombo izvi, izvo zvakachengetedzwa, zvakagadzirira kutanga muhupenyu hwemotokari. Mishonga yemhosva kumatambudziko ekutanga anounzwa mune imwe nyika isiri pamutemo. Vanopinda mafuta iyo mushure mekuisa TPK nemhosva muPU. Uyezve, chimbo chacho chinogona kugara muhondo yehondo kwemakore mazhinji. Kugadzirira kwendege kunotora zvishoma kupfuura maminetsi mashomanana uye kunoitwa kure, nedzimwe nhepfenyuro dzerepfenyuro, kubva kumushure wekuraira uri kure. Uyewo kuongororwa nguva dzose kwePU uye missile systems inoitwa.

Zvinonakidza kuti maIgbm ano, sekutonga, haana nzira yekumanikidzira ABM muvengi. Vanogona kungoita chete yekugadzirisa mauto ehondo, radar jammers, zvinangwa zvenhema, nezvimwe zvakadaro.