"Iskander" chombo hurongwa. "Iskander-M" (chombo mamiriro): unhu

Current geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti kuti achengetedze uchangamire nechiremera munyika dzakawanda ukama dzinokosha ano mimwe maoko. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kana totaura zvakaoma tactical zvenyukireya, inova rubatso rokupedzisira rugare panyika. Chokwadi, chikuru basa deterring anogona muvengi runobva inokosha zvombo, asi kunyange chombo hurongwa "Iskander" anokwanisa kuchengeta vakawanda nekumhanyirira zvisarudzo.

muenzaniso uyu maoko akasikwa kuparadza munda mamiriro namano vanonangwa ari muvengi layered kudzivirira. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuti mamiriro nzira yehondo presupposes kuzvidzivirira nokubvisa amurove, chisingafaniri kubvumira muvengi zvinobvira kushandisa ayo zvombo zvenyukireya. Uyewo, sezvo unogona mune nenguva nenzira kudzvinyirira ayo chombo kudzivirira hurongwa.

zvinhu zvakasikwa

It akasikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo Soviet Union uye United States dzakasaina chibvumirano kushomeka uwandu tactical zvombo zvenyukireya (INF). Izvi zvakaitika muna 1987. Panguva zvinogona vadzivisi vakabvumirana pamusoro zvachose kubviswa kushandiswa zvombo zvenyukireya muhondo ramangwana.

Imhaka zvakaoma idzva vakauya kuzorwa akawandisa zvinodiwa: zvakatora kurambwa rakazara zvenyukireya submunitions, zvakanga pakuraramisa zvinenge mutengesi zvakarurama, Conjugate nepfungwa zvinoita maneuverability zvombo. Uyezve, kubva nyanzvi vaifanira nechokwadi chaizvo mwero kushandisa michina sezvo chombo chacho kanda.

Kwete muduku nekuda ichi chombo mamiriro "Iskander" muna Kaliningrad akaita aripo "achitevedzera" iri panhengo kuBaltic enyika vari kunyonganiswa vakatanga achitaura pamusoro kutyisidzira itsva yakarembera pamusoro uchangamire hwavo.

Basa kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai nehurongwa

Huru chinodiwa iyo unoenderana chokwadi nhasi, vachakwanisa kushandisa mashoko kubva Satellite Positioning gadziriro ( "Glonass», NAVSTAR). Kubva itsva unyanzvi kunzwisisa kunodiwa dzakakwirira kunyatsoshanda kunyange yarova zvinofamba warrior huru, vane soro zvaibvira mwero moto uyewo kukurira zvikuru layered chombo kudzivirira muvengi.

kutanga ruzivo

Agadzirira chombo kunzwisisa "Iskander" yakatanga kuedzwawo 2007. The ipapo Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov akaudza purezidhendi kuti nokutsauka kubva chipfuro hazvirevi pfuura rimwe mita. Izvi soro prices vakanga zvakazara yasimbiswa pashure nokuongorora mashoko kubva zvose zvokurarama kutarisana rokuongorora, izvo vaivapowo kutongwa pazuva iroro.

kubwinya zvose izvi zvakasikwa KBM, Kolomna. Izvi magadzirirwo Bureau anozivikanwa pasi rose sezvo zviri kubva pano akatanga ake "basa" zvivako "Point", "Strela" uye "Wasp", uyewo mamwe mienzaniso mudzimba SAMs kwezvizvarwa siyana. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana yakaitwa CDB "Titan" (launcher), Central Research Institute of Automatics uye Hydraulics (chinokosha mamiriro otomatiki projectile nhungamiro).

Chinangwa?

Sezvatakamboreva kare akati, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa kunzwisisa "Iskander" akasikwa zvakananga nemagadzirirwo rinopamura pamusoro nhovo huru chakavigwa zvakadzika shure muvengi mitsetse, kudzivirirwa ano zvinoita zvokukandwa kudzivirira enyika.

Zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kushanda zvinangwa:

• Atirari uye zvombo romuvengi, guru kuwanda warrior motokari.
• Defense zvivako.
• Air anokwana zviyero, panguva nekutumirwa kwemauto pasi.
• Chikwata All uye coherent kunzwisisa.
• kwezvivako Major, kurasikirwa iyo inorwadza kukanganisa anokumhan'arira.
• Other vanonangwa zvinokosha mundima muvengi.

Sezvo Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Iskander" yakasiyana unobtrusive uye yakakwirira chaizvo kukwira kuigadzira kumhanya, ndizvo chaizvo kutyisidzira vose mukana vavengi.

Ndizvo chikamu "Iskander"?

The hurongwa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinokosha: kuzvidzora propelled chikwata kuti nezvekutanga zvitundumuseremusere kuti motokari yake kuti chokufambisa uye kuchaja anoshongwa. Uyezve, pane yoga yakatarwa kuti kugadzira uye kugadzira midziyo yose, tsvimbo pfungwa uye muchina chaiwo kuongorora mashoko awanika, uyewo kudzidzisa zvivako kuti vashandi.

Unhu akashandisa chitundumuseremusere

Nyaya pamberi pedu tactical chombo yakaoma "Iskander" anoshandisa zvikukutu-mafuta chombo rimwe chete danho, umo mugove musoro hauna kuparadzaniswa kutizirako. Pasinei simba anofambisa vari kutiza, kubva projectile yose nzira yavo zvinogona kudzorwa ne opareta kubva murayiro pambiru. Special maneuverability chigadzirwa yakasiyana pakutanga uye rava kusvika chipfuro kana chombo chiri pasi zadzisa muna 30G. Sezvo chombo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa chinofanira kubhururuka kuna nayo pamwero nekaviri panguva ino inobudirira countermeasures "Iskander" kunongoreva haako.

Dzimba anoshongwa akataurwa chaiwo nzira, hazvina kunoderedza maonero kuti SAM mupikisi. Uyezve, vakawanda nzira anoita chitundumuseremusere, nepo panguva imwe kukwira 50 km riri kagumi kunoderedza mikana kwayo nenguva kuvhura. Namano Radar inopiwa chaizvo coatings ane sezvamunoita iri Classified.

"Iskander" Izvi inotsanangura yakunda wechipfuwo indasitiri, sezvo yave kushandisa. The chombo maitiro (Kaliningrad uye yose Western muchiuto dunhu vari kare vakapakata) ichi mhando nokukurumidza nokugamuchirwa vezvikwata zvose zvechiuto munyika.

nhungamiro zvinotaurwa pamusoro chipfuro

Mhedziso zvombo kubaya vakatakudzwa achishandisa dzaishandisa ari zvakaoma, pashure iyo anouya kunzwisisa hurongwa homing. The midziyo kutarira kuti Nzvimbo Anotiza, achiumba muenzaniso wake digitaalinen. Iye ari pamusoro-bhodhi kombiyuta iri ichi- zvichienzaniswa bhuku mufananidzo kuti yave akatakura kupinda ndangariro pamberi chitundumuseremusere kutiza.

Optical kutsvaka ane kwazvo Anti-jamming hurongwa, uyewo kukwanisa zvikuru kuziva zvinangwa muzvinhu zvose zvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti varove inonakidza kupfura (ane Kukanganisa hapana kupfuura vaviri metres) usiku zvakakwana moonless. zvakarurama zvakadaro ezvinhu akadaro haagoni rakatangwa muna chero enyika chitundumuseremusere moto, akamira pamusoro maoko NATO.

Shure ipapo uye havadi kuti "Iskander". Chombo hurongwa muSiriya, akaisa shure muna December gore rakapera, pakarepo akabvumira kuti kuderedza manzwiro uye vakabatsira hurumende pamutemo pamwe misha Anti-akakurumbira mauto kubva munyika. Uyewo, Russian divi akagamuchira mashoko anokosha pamusoro revarwi kushandiswa yemhando zvombo.

"Independent" chitundumuseremusere

Pasinei chokwadi kuti chaiye ezvinhu chombo yakaoma "Iskander" inogona nomudzimu anonongedzera kubva Global Positioning System satellites, pasi ezvinhu akakodzera, dzaishandisa ayo achaita zvakanaka pasina pavo. The Electro-Manyiminya kutungamirirwa hurongwa zvokuti chaiwo kuti vanobvumira kuti tibu- kukundwa chezvinangwa raanotaura chero zvakatipoteredza.

Sezvineiwo, mashoko homing hurongwa "Iskander", kana zvakakodzera, hunogona kungoparara yakaiswa kunyange pamusoro ballistic zvenyukireya zvombo, achiita tarisiro zvingakanganisa muvengi chaizvoizvo zvikuru kujeka. Nemhaka iyi Russian chombo kunzwisisa "Iskander" iri West ane kwakavanzika chaizvo mukurumbira, kunyange zvayo kuita zviri pachena kwete kusvika kune zvombo intercontinental yenyukireya.

unhu Warhead

Makontakta vakaisa kukwanisa kushandisa marudzi akasiyana gumi chete zvombo. Izvi zvinosanganisira sumbu mabhomba vane zvinhu contactless nenyunje rwisana zvinhu pamwe tinofanira kugara zvazviri, sumbu zvombo kuzviidza okunze, uyewo nyore mukuru-putika, kusabatana uye incendiary mhuka. Kana ukashandisa kuzvidzora akatungamirira chombo pamwe okunze, vachabviswa rova akawanda huru, achibvambura kureba matanhatu kusvika gumi metres pamusoro pavo.

Self projectile kupinda vachiridzira nzvimbo dzinenge anoyera matani mana, uye kurema zvakananga warhead iri 480 makirogiramu. Saka, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Iskander-K" ndiyo imwe simba kupfuura dzisiri renyukireya chokuti pasava, vari mubasa uto wedu.

Zvinoitwa nevamwe zvinhu

Self-propelled muchina nokuda Implementation ambotirega kumhanya panguva kutakura zvombo zviviri, achivabvumira kumhanya pa necheparutivi kusvika madhigirii 90 noruremekedzo kuti mamiriro enzvimbo. Riri pamusoro mavhiri chassis ine 8x8, izvo zvinogona ichipfuura kunyange nzvimbo migwagwa zvachose ndisipo (chakarova-79306 "nyeredzi"). Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rinopa inobvira mufambo pamusoro zvakaoma, kunyange munguva yehondo.

Zvimwe zvinoitwa management maturusi uye kutungamirirwa

Installation anogona vakazvimiririra kuona Coordonatele waro nzvimbo, ari kutaura zvose pezvokuvamba "Iskander", kunovimbisa chete uye salvo kanda zvombo. The nguva kubva vasvika kuna volley haisi maminitsi anopfuura 20 pasi mamiriro kukarukureta kugadzirira uye kunosvika hakuna kupfuura imwe miniti pakati chinonyengera projectiles. Izvi zvinoita kuti chombo kunzwisisa "Iskander", zvainyanya zvacho kare, zvinoreva ngozi chaizvo kunoshamisa kurwiswa.

Kutanga chinzvimbo haafaniri kugadzirira. Mukuwedzera, kuverenga pasina chikonzero anongoerekana mberi: kugamuchira varayirwa, nyanzvi kurega "Iskander" ari kupiwa sikweya, gadzirira zvose hurongwa uye kuita volley. The chete kunze ndiko marshland, apo zvakafanira kugadzirira yakatsiga zvikuru kana zvishoma kanda ikanyanya. Pashure basa muchina run kunosvika kuti pre-akasarudzwa chinzvimbo reloading.

Nokudaro, "Iskander-M" - chombo mamiriro chizvarwa chitsva, iyo dzinovimbisa akavimbika kudzivirira wehurumende changamire.

Nokuti mashoko pamusoro chassis nezvimwe michina

chassis anoyera matani 42, kurema payload yaitakurwa kwete asingasviki 19 m, mugwagwa uye nyika mugwagwa yakagadzirwa nokukurumidza 70 (40) km / h. mumwe chete gasi chiteshi, "Iskander" anogona kufamba kanenge 1,000? km. Zvatinosiita nhamba iri matatu kukarukureta munhu, asi munguva yehondo nhamba yavo anogona ngazviwedzerwe.

Machine nokuti vachizvitakudza uye KUTAKURA vanofanirawo akaungana pamusoro chakarova-79306 ( «Computer"). Zvinonzi vakapakata kondo ane hydro-zvokuimba vachizvitakudza mashandiro. It anoyera chaizvo 40 matani, yokuzvigadzirisa vashandi vave chitsama vanhu vaviri.

padzimbahwe kunzwisisa

Moyo yose zvakaoma ndiwo murayiro uye netsvimbo nemotokari. Zvinonzi akaita pahwaro KAMAZ motokari. Exchange mashoko pakati ose "Iskander" zvinhu zvinogona kuitwa zvose zvavo uye zvikuru encrypted nzira. kumhanya mashoko Exchange asingadi kutambura mukupera nyaya.

Staff kunzwisisa ane nzvimbo zvina zvakazara zvoga dzaishandisa, kufadza kupfuudzwa kure pakati motokari 350 makiromita kuti motokari uye 50 makiromita pasi yetsiva rwendo. Kuramba kushanda nguva zvinhu zvose nokutungamirira uye kudzora mamiriro Unorudzi mazuva maviri.

Machine zvokuimba rechengetedzo

Sezvaiitwa yapfuura nyaya, inobva "KAMAZ" motokari chassis. Rakagadzirirwa kuidza chombo chinzvimbo zvose launcher uye mabhuku midziyo, hunobvumira kuti uzvitarise uye kugadzira zviyero zvose uye nzira yose zvakaoma, pasina kudikanwa kuti kumuendesa nayo kunzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto zvachose. The muchina anoyera 13.5 t, muAtlantic mumaminitsi asingasviki 20, apo vachiongorora zvose hurongwa uye miitiro haapfuuri maminitsi 18. Service yakaoma vanhu vaviri.

Kazhinji, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa kunzwisisa "Iskander", chokupika unhu yatiri kuona, inoshamisa maintainability kunyange zvikuru ezvinhu.

Item muunganidzwa, ongororo uye kugadzirira mashoko

muchina uyu unoshandiswa kuunganidza uye kuongorora ruzivo kuti rinotarisirwa kuti atarisire kuti onboard kombiyuta zvombo. In mamiriro pane zviviri workstations nokuda dzaishandisa kuti anogona kuona uye kuparadzira Coordonatele vakarwisa kutumirwa mumwe kana miviri maminitsi. Inogona kutakura chinoramba rwisana basa kwemaawa 16.

Pakupedzisira, rubatsiro motokari upenyu. It kunogona kuitwa musi upi kutengeswa chassis rori, kushandiswa zororo uye zvokudya kusvikira vanhu masere panguva.

Key zviri hurongwa

chikuru mukana wayo kuti, sezvo mumwe "Iskander-M" akasikwa. Chombo ezvinhu yakagadzirwa nevanhu kunoshamisa vagadziri maererano nemashoko vaunganidza Soviet neuto Russian. Panguva iyoyo, kure kwazvo kwete chete zvose yapfuura mumhuri kukura, asi vose kukwikwidza vatorwa yokutevedzera.

Kazhinji, Anti ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Iskander" ane vanoverengeka inokosha zvinhu:

• Kusimba yakarurama kukundwa kunyange zviduku uye anodzivirirwa zvakanaka kubva mhepo zvinangwa.
• Namano anokurumidza nekutumirwa kwemauto kuti mupikisi aiva nengozi.
• Combat basa kunogona kuitwa zvinobudirira kunyange basa counteraction nomuvengi.
• Excellent maneuverability uye tactical patency inopiwa mukuru-waivako motokari chassis.
• The soro mwero kushandisa michina pamusoro pezvakaitwa zvose kurwa.
• Mukurumari uye vakasununguka kugadziriswa, kunyange munda.

Uyewo, kushanda-tactical chombo yakaoma "Iskander" rinonangana nezvinodiwa zvose zvavakatemerwa ne zvibvumirano dzakawanda pamusoro asiri kushandiswa nekuwanda mamwe zvombo. The vemo kusawirirana zvinogona kuonekwa sezvo zvombo chokuti pasava, uye nokuda nyika nenyika duku uye anoita kuti chikuru mhando chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. nechivako Its rinoratidza mukana kwohumwe nadzurudzo, iyo inosimbisa "Iskander" refu basa kurindira kuruzhinji mubereko.

Other zvinhu zvakanaka

murayiro uye kuzvidzora gadziriro anorwadziwa revatema pamwe yakafanana zvokushandisa zvose yakafanana zvivako, ayo ari hurumende chombo. Anogona kuwana ruzivo kwete chete kubva muchina Data muunganidzwa uye kubudiswa, asiwo ushori ndege, UAV kana nezvimwewo. Flight basa rinowanikwa zvinenge pakarepo. The chikwata pakutanga muhondo anogona kupiwa kwete chete kune mukuru zvakaoma, asi mukuru murayiro neuto namahwindo nzvimbo.

Sezvo mumwe "Iskander" riri mungarava zvitundumuseremusere zviviri, uye pakati volleys dzavo rega kutora maminitsi anopfuura maviri, simba kwazvo rine izvi nokupesana zvivako akafanana kuti nyika duku. Pfungwa, yakarurama kusarudza zvombo, ari chiratidzazvizhinji maoko kwazvo yakaenzana chombo zvenyukireya pfupi siyana.