Russian dzakawanda senga corridors. Inotungamirwa uye Kugadzirwa dzakawanda zvifambiso corridors

Zvinonyatsorehwa Kugadzirwa chero nharaunda zvoupfumi hunoenderana pachiyero ayo zvifambiso kukura. Uye pano vari zvikuru international senga corridors. Ivo kubatanidza nyika dzakasiyana, achivapa zveupfumi, zvetsika uye kwesayenzi-michina pamwe. Asi dzakawanda senga corridors - hazvisi kubatsira zvoupfumi chete pano uye ikozvino. Ndizvo runovimbisa kuchengeteka uye pakukura munyika kwemakore akawanda kuuya.

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura zvinhu international chokufambisa corridors, sei kuumba uye ichishanduka.

International senga mukoridho - chii?

Shoko rokuti "dzakawanda chokufambisa mukoridho" (kana kuti, rakapfupikiswa, MTC) kunzwisisa zvakaoma nezvifambiso zvinosvika, iyo yakarongwa pamusoro mikuru zvataurwa motokari. ino kunosanganisira wemishonga pakubhadhara ayo akasiyana - road, njanji, zvomumvura uye Mapaipi.

Sezvo tsika inoratidza dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors zvinobudirira zvikuru kushanda mukati vanhuwo zvoupfumi mapazi. The kupfuura gobvu richikurukura MTC nhasi ndizvo kuti European nharaunda (zvikurukuru - nokuti Central neEastern Europe). Izvi, kunyanya, vakabatsira kuitwa itsva EU chokufambisa Mutemo 2005. Basa rinokosha pfungwa itsva iyi akatora gungwa senga pakutengeserana.

Paumbwe dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors wava akakodzera munguva apo kudiwa huru dzakawanda chokufambisa kwenhumbi yakawedzera substantially. corridors kwakadaro vanowanzofarira zvinokosha kuti kukura vose mitoro mutakurwi chokufambisa mushure nyika kana munharaunda yose.

Basa uye kukosha ITC

Kukura dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors kunokosha kwete chete kubva kumuono zvebhizimisi zvikomborero. Pashure pezvose, ari transnational zvifambiso usadzosera chete purofiti. Ivo kukurudzira kukura emauto, maindasitiri, zvesayenzi bazi inoti. Uyezve, ITC kubatsira uye kushingaira kuwedzera kwezvivako pakati kumatunhu kuburikidza yavanoti zvakaitika.

In dzakawanda mune zvoupfumi dzakabudirira, mubvunzo pakufamba nemaitiro uye yokufambisa vakachengeteka rakaiswa panguva soro nenhanho kukosha. Russia, zvakare, tinofanira kutevera muenzaniso wavo panyaya iyi.

Main basa MTK

Ndezvipi huru zvinangwa zvinofanira kuita dzakawanda senga corridors? Dzavo dzakawanda:

1. Kupa yepamusoro, hwakavimbika uye vakasununguka zvifambiso kuvatori vechikamu vese vari mamiriro ezveupfumi.
2. Kupa yepakutanga "zambuko", kukwanisa kushandisa dzakazara kutengeserana turnover pakati States.
3. Kubatanidzwa paumbwe uto kuchengeteka kunyika uye kumatunhu ose.

Mumakore ndima dzinofanira kugara zvizere. Chokwadi chokuti uto kuchengeteka upi nharaunda, pasina chaakasiya zviri zvikuru novimba nenhanho kukura kwayo zvifambiso Network. In nyore mashoko: zvikuru hurumende migwagwa, njanji uye pazviteshi, zvengarava uye airfields - nyore ndiko kuronga mupomerwi, dhonza zvokushandisa, zvombo uye nepfuma kana nechitarisiko nemauto kurwisa.

The Tsika dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors pakati Europe uye Asia

MTC kune huru Eurasian nharaunda zvinosanganisira zvinotevera senga corridors:

• ITC "North - South", kufukidza Air nyika, inoti ine Central uye Eastern Europe, European chikamu Russia, ari reCaspian nharaunda, uyewo South Asia.
• Trans-Siberian Railway (kana MTC "Transsiberian") - ndiro corridors anokosha ari expanses yeRussia uye richibatanidza Central Europe ne China, Kazakhstan uye muKorea. Rine matavi vanoverengeka Ukraine, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Ulan Bator.
• MTC nhamba 1 (mugango-European) - anosunga Baltic maguta zvinokosha - Riga, Kaliningrad uye Flughafen.
• MTC nhamba 2 (mugango-European) - anosunga kumaguta akadai Minsk, Moscow uye Nizhny Novgorod. Mune ramangwana, iyo kuenderera mukoridho kuna Ekaterinburg.
• MTC nhamba 9 (mugango-European) - rinobatanidza Helsinki, kuchamhembe guta guru Russia - St. Petersburg, Moscow uye Kiev.

All dzakawanda senga corridors vane mazita avo - maindex. Somuenzaniso, ITC "North - South" riri basa indekisi NS, "Trans-Siberian" - the TS uye zvichingodaro.

Russian MTC maitiro

On nharaunda nyika yedu unoenda kuburikidza akawanda MTC. Nokudaro, Russian makuru dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors - a "Northern Gungwa Route" MTC "Primorye-1" MTC "Primorye-2".

Transport mukoridho akadana "Northern Sea Route" unobva maguta zvinokosha Russia - Murmansk, Arkhangelsk uye Dudinka. Rine dzakawanda rokuti - SMP.

MTK "Primorye-1" ichipfuura Harbin, Vladivostok, Nakhodka uye anouya zvinokosha zvengarava zvePacific.

MTK "Primorye-2" rinobatanidza guta Hunchun, Kraskino, Zarubino uye anoenda zvengarava muEast Asia.

International senga corridors Russia: Matambudziko uye Tariro

Munyika yanhasi pane vatatu matanda yakasimba zvoupfumi: North America, European uye East Asian. Uye Russia, ari munhu kunobatsira nenzvimbo nzvimbo pakati izvi zviviri matanda anokosha, vanofanira kutora mukana uyu ezvinhu uye kumisa zvifambiso dzose nomunharaunda yacho. Mune mamwe manzwi, ndiye nyika yedu vanosungirwa batanidza nzvimbo izvi munyika yose yakatanga uye ano zvifambiso corridors.

Russia rakanyatsojeka inokwanisa kutora pamusoro zvinenge zvose zvikuru Eurasian senga hova. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti kana iwe unogona kusvika kare makore 15-20 okuberekwa kwakarurama nokubatanidzwazve zvipfuwo chokufambisa ino. In Russia pane zvose zvinhu nokuti: a gobvu richikurukura njanji, chaizvo gadziriro mikuru, pamberi gobvu samambure zvenzizi. Zvisinei, pfungwa inotungamirwa zvinobudirira chokufambisa corridors harisi chete pakuwedzera chokufambisa afoot, asiwo mazuvaano wayo, uyewo logistics uye zvifambiso makachengeteka.

vaizotibata kwazvo Russia ndiyo pakusikwa ainzi MTC "East - West" - chikuru chokufambisa mukoridho zvaizoita batanidza Europe pamwe Japan. Hwaro ichi dzakawanda chokufambisa mukoridho angarara huripo Trans-Siberian Railway zvino, matavi kugungwa zvengarava kuchamhembe Russia.

Sezvo nhamba mumakore, kutengeserana pakati Europe uye kunyika East Asia (zvikurukuru Japan uye South Korea) ndikawedzera kupfuura kashanu. Unorema nhumbi pakati kumatunhu maviri zvifambiswe mhiri munyanza. Naizvozvo, rakananga nepanyika chokufambisa mukoridho kunogona kuva chakanakisisa nzira mugungwa nzira. Asi kuti zviremera Russian kuisa yakawanda nesimba uye zvinhu nzira.

ITC "North - South"

International senga mukoridho "North - South" inopa kubatana pakati kuBaltic kunyika iri nharaunda India uye Iran. ichi mukoridho Index: NS.

The chikuru mukwikwidzi ari mukoridho chinhu nepagungwa chokufambisa nzira kuburikidza neSuez Canal. Zvisinei, ITC "North - South" ane vanoverengeka zvaioneka zvikomborero. Chokutanga, nyika nzira hafu kureba nechokure, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvokufambisa kwenhumbi nenzira iyi isingadhuri zvikuru.

Muna nhasi, kunyanya kushingaira ubatanidzwe pamusoro mukoridho ichi anoshanda Kazakhstan. The nyika anorishandisa kutakura avo ekisipoti zvigadzirwa (zvikurukuru zviyo) muna Gulf munyika. The vakawanda turnover iri mukoridho vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 25 matani nhumbi pagore.

ITC "North - South" unosanganisira mapazi matatu:

• The Trans-reCaspian - rinobatanidza pachiteshi Olya, Astrakhan uye Makhachkala;
• East - inyika njanji kubatanidza nyika yose Central Asia uye Iran;
• Western - kunosvika Astrakhan mutsetse - Samur - Astara (kuburikidza Makhachkala).

Pan-European MTC № 1

Zvakawanda nezvifambiso zvinosvika muCentral uye Eastern Europe akanzi Pan-European. Rinotaura corridors gumi dzakawanda dzakasiyana mirayiridzo. Kunzi "Pe" pamwe kuwedzera mamwe digits (I kuti X).

The pani-European yemarudzi chokufambisa mukoridho-1 ichipfuura kunyika nhanhatu: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia uye Poland. kureba iri 3285 makiromita (rimwe - 1655 makiromita - pamusoro motorways uye 1630? km - nechitima).

The pani-European MTC nhamba 1 anosunga pamwe zvikuru misoro European: Helsinki, Tallinn, Riga, kuKaunas uye Warsaw. Mumiganhu mukoridho ichi pane dzendege matanhatu 11 zvengarava. Part kwayo ichipfuura munharaunda Russia, mukati Kaliningrad nharaunda, uye rinosanganisira chikuru Baltic chengarava - guta Kaliningrad.

Pan-European MTC № 2

Muna 1994 chitsuwa cheKrete vaipinda rinokosha musangano pamusoro zvekufambisa, iyo rinorondedzerwa huru mirayiridzo zveramangwana Pan-European nezvifambiso zvinosvika. It unotora 10 mirayiridzo siyana.

The pani-European yemarudzi chokufambisa mukoridho-2 richibatanidza Central Europe vane European chikamu Russia. Iye anofambisa mhiri ina inotaura. Zviri Germany, Poland, Belarus uye Russian Federation. Transport mukoridho chinobatanidza maguta makuru akadai Berlin, Poznan, Warsaw, Brest, Minsk, Moscow uye Nizhny Novgorod.

In mhedziso ...

Saka, kuvandudzwa dzakawanda chokufambisa corridors Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti chero nzvimbo munyika. Creation uye inobudirira kushanda corridors zvakadaro chinangwa kwete chete zveupfumi, asi tsika, wevanotungamirira uye nemauto-zvine urongwa.