Zvinokosha uye zvomutambarakede

Pamusika-huru vatambi vari mutengi uye mugadziri. Ivo vanobatanidzwa pakugadzirwa mitengo uye chimiro mutsigiro nomudonzvo uye kudiwa. Modern zveupfumi pfungwa hypothesizes kuti mutengi - ndiro chokupedzisira, nekuti chete anogona kuongorora mugumisiro basa mugadziri, kana kwete kutenga chigadzirwa ake. In dzezvoupfumi, zvinhu zvose nguva dzose pfungwa uye zviitiko interconnected. Chidzore Pfungwa dzakadai zvinokosha uye zvomutambarakede, vanofanira kuziva kuti vade uye elasticity yakadaro.

Kutsunga kudiwa

Murairo kudiwa ndechokuti sezvinotevera: dzakanga mutengo, rezasi mari. Kudiwa inoratidza sei mutengi ndizvo solvent vamwe chigadzirwa pane imwe mutengo. Kudiwa zvinogona kuzivikanwa kudiwa ukoshi. Nhamba iyi zvinoratidza sei zvikuru munhu anogona kutenga chinhu pamusangano yamunenge mutengo. Vane chido uye mano uye kuwanikwa mari kutenga zvinhu.

Asi kwete kuti munhu achawana chaizvo zvinhu zvakawanda kuti zvaanoshaiwa. How zvikuru chigadzirwa achawana Mutengi zvinoenderana anoverengeka ezvoupfumi zvinhu pamusoro. Toti, kuti mugadziri asingakwanisi kubereka nhamba yemabhuku kwenhumbi kuti zvinoda mutengi.

Nyanzvi kuona nomumwe vade uye zvinonyatsorehwa. Individual kudiwa - kudiwa imwe zvinobikwa imwe mutengi, uye zvachose - kwokudiwa yevatengi. Nezvoupfumi kazhinji mubasa mukudzidza kunopindirana kudiwa, nekuti munhu novimba pachavo zvido mutengi, uye varege ratidza Kujeka kwakaita musika ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, imwe mutengi kungasava kufarira chero chigadzirwa, asi pamisika zvichave kudiwa.

Murairo zvitengeswa

Sezvatamboona, pane mutemo kudiwa. We kudzokorora zvakare: kana mutengo kuwedzera, kudiwa chigadzirwa ipfupi nevamwe zvinhu. Mutemo ine anosiyiwa. Somuenzaniso, nokuwedzera mutengo hwomutambarakede zvinhu dzimwe nguva pane kuwedzera kudiwa. Izvi imhaka yokuti kana mutengo nenhumbi akawedzera mukuenzanisa nevamwe mitengo, vanhu vari kutanga kufunga unhu chigadzirwa ichi nani, nokuti kutengwa.

Anotambanudza kana Anotambanudza

Pane kudaro chinhu sezvo elasticity kuti kudiwa. Nhamba iyi inoratidza sei izvozvo kuchawedzera kana kuderera kana matambudziko pamusoro payo mutengo uye mutengo zvinhu. Tichatarisa mari elasticity kuti kudiwa. Index anosarudza sei kudiwa anochinja kana kuchinja nevatengi mari pamusoro imwe nguva. Elasticity zviri kudiwa pasi mari ndiyo inotevera siyana:

1. Positive chimiro. With kuwedzera mari kunowedzera bhuku kudiwa. chimiro ichi mukana wokushandiswa zvinoreva mhando nhumbi sezvo muumbozha zvinhu zvakadaro.
2. The akaipa chimiro. The rutapudzo pamusoro charehwa kuwedzera mari. chimiro ichi zvinoshanda murombo-unhu nhumbi.
3. Zero Form. Bhuku kudiwa hakunei mari. chimiro ichi zvinosanganisira zvinokosha.

elasticity zvinhu

Income elasticity kuti kudiwa kunoenderana zvinoverengeka pamusoro. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• The kukosha, mutengo, kukosha kuti mutengi. The zvakawanda zvinhu mutengi inoda, kashoma achava kwayo elasticity.
• Pachava hwomutambarakede zvinhu kana nhumbi inonyanya kunofanirawo.
• Urongwa kudiwa. Kana mutengi rwuchiwanzwa mari, haana pakarepo anova zvinhu anodhura.

Zvinonzi kune vatengi vane mari akasiyana, zvakafanana chigadzirwa anogona kubatwa somunhu muumbozha chinhu, uye kuti zvinokosha zvinhu. Rinofanira kupa mienzaniso mari elasticity kuti kudiwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira yemitambo motokari muchiso Porsche. Munhu anogona kutenga imwe motokari itsva inodhura, sezvo ayo kwemari zvawanzwa. Chingwa zviyo uye bran. chingwa ichi ndicho anodhura pane chingwa, asi chinobatsira. Munhu anogonawo mari nazvo kuwedzera mari. Handmade Sipo. The mushandisi unogona kutsiva yekare analogue nezuva nhumbi yakakwirira-unhu uye anodhura, sezvo ake mari inoita. Zvinodhura uye yepamusoro peturu. The mutengi anekodzero kutenga zvakawanda yepamusoro peturu kuwedzera upenyu mumotokari nokuti chete chikonzero - kuwedzera zveminda.

coefficient kuti elasticity

It ariko nokuti kuyera coefficient kuti elasticity kuti kudiwa mari elasticity. Nezvoupfumi kutsanangura nzira yemaitiro naro zvinokwanisika kuverenga:

E = Q1: Q / I1: I

apo:

I - mari vatengi;

Q - Vhoriyamu nhumbi.

The coefficient pakutsvaga mhando nenhumbi.

Zvaunoda

Kune mhando dzakawanda nhumbi: misi uye ezasi. Munhuwo (Muzvarirwo) - nhumbi izvo zvinoda inowedzerawo nemari inowanikwa. Uyewo, vakanga vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: umbozha nhumbi, zvinhu zvinodiwa (iri zvinowanzoshandiswa uye kushandisa zuva nezuva, zvakadai mushonga wemazino). The coefficient pamusoro elasticity kuti kudiwa pamusoro zvavo zvinhu idukusa mumwe, nekuti pamwe kuwedzera mari vatengi vanowanzotevedzera kutenga zvakawanda isingawanzowanikwi zvinhu.

Luxury nhumbi - zvinhu kuti haasi munhu wose anogona kuuya. vanhu vavo vari kutenga zvishoma. Cars - nacho chacho. In zvinokosha, kune saturation muganhu. Somuenzaniso, ari Soap. Vanhu vachange kutenga zvakawanda zvavanokwanisa zvinodya nayo. sipo yakawanda sei Chero mutengo, zvichaita nguva dzose kuva zvakafanira.

dhura

Zvoumbozha - zvinhu kana zvinhu zvisina chokuita zvaidiwa mutengi. Vanhu vanogona kurarama pasina pavo. The coefficient pakati elasticity of hwomutambarakede nhumbi dziri kupfuura mumwe. Kuwedzera nevatengi mari uye kuwedzera mugove muumbozha nhumbi. Kudiwa umbozha zvinhu chete akaratidza apo inodzidzisa zvasvika pamwero mari. Vanhu vokutanga kutenga zvinhu chokuita kurarama, uye ipapo funga pamusoro "mwero".

Varwere haazorambi kuderedza uwandu kushanyira chiremba, kunyange kana mutengo nokurapwa kuchawedzera. Panguva iyoyowo, kuwedzera mutengo chikepe kunotungamirira kune vasanyanye kudiwa. Ndechipi chikonzero chiitiko ichi? Chikonzero ndechokuti vatengi vazhinji vanofunga vanofanira kushanyira chiremba uye kutenga yacht - nacho. Vatengi 'rokutenga simba kunobatsira nezvoupfumi kusarudza muchikwata chigadzirwa ndohwavo. Nokuti munhu anoda gungwa uye ane utano hwakanaka, vari Yacht anogona kuonekwa somusengwa, rwendo kuti chiremba - sokusingakoshi chinhu.

Munhu kusiyanisa chipo pfungwa kubva dzose kunyora. Musiyano uri pakati pavo? We chipo nzira yakajeka ingi nani tsvimbo uye pokugara Wakanaka. mubato iri vakasununguka kuti vazvichengete, hazvizovi kutedzemuka uye anotarisa zvakasimba. Izvi chipo matanga vari yemanyorero mumapepa mune chaiyo zviitiko, izvo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva haana kudiwa. Kureva raunotenga chinhu, vakazochinja haringapiwi kushandisa. Izvi nomukurumbira peni zvinodhura, asi dzichipfekeka zvishoma.

Muduku zvinhu - zvinhu pamwe kbps. The kudiwa zvinhu zvakadai ipfupi. Ivo inotsiviwa yakakwirira unhu. Vane aingogamuchira zvokudya, zvipfeko kubva wechipiri-ruoko.

mhedziso

Countries kugadzira zvinokosha zvinhu (zvigadzirwa zvokurimwa, migodhi, magetsi), dzomunyika Auktionen havasi ari nani pane nyika kuti pave umbozha mukati, motokari, midziyo yemagetsi. With kuwedzera vatengi 'mari mari zvinokosha zvinhu lags kure seri mutengo muumbozha nhumbi. Ndipo mumwe zvikonzero weboka upfumi hwenyika.