Sabata chii? Sabbat muMiddle Ages uye zvino

Izwi rokuti "chibvumirano" rine maFrance anobuda. Uyezve, yakakweretwa neFrench muchiHebheru. Izwi rokuti "shabbat" rairehwa uye raireva "zuva rinopera". Muchirevo chechirevo ichi, zvarinoreva zvakanyatsopindirana nemirairo yebhaibheri, kunyanya, nezuva rechinomwe revhiki, iyo inofanirwa kupedzisa nyaya dzose uye kuzvipira kuzvizorora.

Kunyengera kweeymology

Muzwi rokuti "chibvumirano" kushungurudzika kuri pa syllable yokutanga, kana kuunganidzwa kwevaroyi kunoreva, kupemberera. Inofanirawo kuonekwa kuti shoko rinogonawo kudanwa nechishuwo chakaiswa pa syllable yechipiri, asi zvarinoreva zvichave zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, rinogona kushandiswa sezwi uye rinoreva "zvakakwana", "rakanaka". Nokuda kweshoko rokuti "chibvumirano", zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa handizvo chete. Iwe unogona kuyeuka mazwi akadaro akadai: razgulie, kuora mwoyo, tsika, mutambo, nezvimwewo.

Historical background

Nhoroondo yekutanga yeSabata mumagwaro epamatare yakadzoka muna 1335. Yaiva ipapo iyo muTououse vanenge makumi matanhatu vanhu vakapomerwa kuti vaiita zvemashiripiti uye uroyi. Vakapupura kune utsinye hwakakwana kunze kwekutambudzwa kunotyisa, asi vafunisitiri havana kuvhiringidza. Zvakaitika kumunhu akapomerwa hazvizivikanwi, asi kuziva maitiro ezvenguva iyo, zviri nyore kufungidzira.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope, kwakanga kusina marekodhi kusvika muna 1620, apo sangano revaroyi rakatanga kurondedzerwa muEngland.

Ichi chiito chinomiririrwa seboka revaroyi uye madhimoni, kufanana nevamwe. Ropa rite muzita raSatani, kunyomba, kunyengera uye doro - ndicho icho chibvumirano mumaziso evanhu venguva yekuvhima varoyi.

Ndeipi uye sei yaiva chibvumirano?

Izvo zvakasikwa kuti zvakavanzika zvakasarudzwa nekuda kwechiito chakadaro. Munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzisingazungunukiki, pamakomo akakwirira, mumapako akadzika - ndiyo yaiva iyo vateereri vakaungana nokuda kwezvinhu zvavo zvemausi.

Pasina mubvunzo, nzvimbo yakakurumbira kune yevimbiso ndiyo Brocken gomo muGermany. PaWalpurgis Night , varoyi vane simba uye madhimoni vanoungana pano kuti vaite tsika dzavo.

Enda kunzvimbo yechipupuriro chechiroyi kana kushandisa, kuti uve nemafungiro akanaka, akatasva pomelo, kana mufananidzo wemhuka kana shiri. Vakawanda vanouya kumashure emadhimoni. Zvinogona kuva mhuka, kazhinji kate dzemavara, dzinozivikanwa sezveshamwari dzese dzevaroyi.

Mushure mekuunganidza kwevaroyi uye madhimoni, kuonekwa kwadhiyabhorosi kunotarisirwa.

Anozviratidza pamberi peavo vakaungana muchirume chembudzi, nokuti kunyange muroyi haagoni kumira chiso chake chechokwadi. Akagara pachigaro cheushe, anotonga Sabata, anogamuchira zvibayiro zvakagadzirirwa-vana kana mhandara.

Uroyi hunotanga

Chimwe chikamu chinokosha chechibvumirano ndechokutanga kuve varoyi. Mukadzi uyo akaratidza chido chekuva muroyi anofanira kutaura mhiko yekuvimbika kuna Satani. Anotanga kuonekwa pachikumbiro chokutanga che tenzi wake, kuunganidza nhengo itsva, kuchengeta zvakavanzika zvevanhu varoyi.

Mushure mokunge vataura mhiko, vatsva vatsva vanozvipira pachavo kune dhiabhori uye vanomutsvoda pasi pemuswe. Dhiyabhorosi anomuudza zvaanoita zvechiroyi, powders uye zvigadzirwa zvingakurumidza kutora muroyi panzvimbo yechibvumirano.

Kutanga kuva varoyi ndiyo tsika yekupedzisira, mushure mokutanga inotanga kudya uye kubata. Nhengo dzechibvumirano dzinodhakwa uye dzinodhakwa, kutamba kutyisa uye kushandiswa kwepasi pose. Kungoti mambakwedza, bhakchanalia inoguma, uye vatasvi vanobhururuka kwose kwose.

Sabata Yemazuva Ano

Sabata chii chiripo chaicho? Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti munguva yezvesayenzi yekuwana uye nzvimbo inofamba kune imwe nzvimbo zviitiko zvakafanana zvinowanikwa nenzira iyo yaizivikanwa neMiddle Ages. Nekunamatwa kwedhiyabhori, kudya vana nekuuraya mhandara.

Munguva yedu kuva muroyi haisi kunyadzisa uye kwete ngozi. Zvinoratidzwa paterevhizheni, dzinopa mabasa avo mumapepanhau uye pamapeji eIndaneti. Kana pane kudiwa, ipapo pane chipo-iyi ndiyo mitemo yemusika.

Nhasi unogona kuziva kuti Sabata iri pedo kubva mumuromo wekutanga. Hakuzove mazuva apo pakuzarurirwa kwechakavanzika muroyi akarangwa norufu. Hongu, uye chibvumirano chevaroyi chakave chakasiyana: vateereri vakatama kubva kumasango akaoma masango kusvika kumaguta edzimba kana kune dzimba dzeimba dzimba.

Kuchinja uye kuita tsika. Kubva kunadhiyabhorosi kunamata varoyi vakatendeukira kuchihedheni. Mhepo dzePasi, Mvura, Mhepo, Moto inonamatwa, zvakasikwa zvinorumbidzwa. Kubvira pamazuva masabata masabata maiva nemitemo chete yekusununguka mumuviri, asi kwete varoyi vose vanovaparidzira. Pane zvakawanda zvemaitiro matsva, semuenzaniso kushandiswa kwemasikisi uye zvipfeko zvemuitiro.

Mazuva anokosha

Sabbats inobatwa kasere pagore. Mazuva aya anotsanangurwa nekushanduka kwemwaka, kusvikira pakuguma kwekukohwa, kutanga kwekudyara. Mazororo anokosha ndeaya:

• Oymalk, inopembererwa musi waFebruary 2.
• Walpurgis Night, inopembererwa musi waApril 30.
• Lunasadh iri musi waJuly 31.
• Samgein, inopembererwa musi waOctober 31.

Mumazuva echando uye yezhizha solstice, yekuvhurwa uye yechitanhatu equinox, zvibvumirano zvinobatwawo.

MuRussia uye nyika dzeichimbova Soviet Union pane mazororo akawanda, ayo aya zviitiko zvisinganzwisisiki akaiswa nguva. Iyi ndiyo Kolyada -December 21-22, kuguma kweShrove Chipiri musi waMarch 21 uye zuva raIvan Kupala.

Saka, kuitira kuti upindure mubvunzo wekuti chibvumirano ndechipi, haufaniri kusvitsa mapurisa ekare evashumiri vechitendero vekare. Idzi ruzivo rwunobatsira chete kuvatsvakurudzi vari mumunda wenhoroondo yemashiripiti emashiripiti, uye hapana chakakosha kubva kune varoyi vemazuva ano. Zvinokwanisika kukakavadzana kwemazuva akawanda kana vakadzi vakashama pamabhantitick vachiri kubhururuka kumusoro kweGomo Brocken, uye kana isu takaratidzwa chokwadi pane terevhizheni mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana. Chinhu chimwe chinogona kutaurwa nechokwadi: vazhinji vasina mhosva vakapiwa kubwinya kwaSatani, saka hazvisi zvakaipa zvachose kuti masabata mumaitiro avo echokwadi apfuura kwenguva refu.