Sei ini kuva chena penzura, uye ndiani tega izvozvo?

All isu nokusingaperi kushandiswa chitsvuku mapenzura. Mumwe chete uchiwana zvidzidzo kuchikoro, uye ndiani ari kuvashandisa kure. Uye vazhinji pashure kuvhura bhokisi vanofarira mubvunzo: nei tichifanira kuva chena penzura?

nhoroondo mashoko

Modern pencil pane anenge 200 nemakore. Graphite rinowanikwa kumwe muna 5 emakore apfuura mumigodhi British. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti hazvina kubva zvatanga kuitwa graphite mapenzura. Mhuri German shure muna 1760 uye vakatanga kubudisa nhumbi yakadaro achishandisa graphite upfu. Zvisinei, izvi hakuna kubudirira chaizvo. musayendisiti French Conte muna 1795 akaita nepenzura zvakagadzirwa graphite, kwete chete, asiwo kubva mamwe mhando dzevhu, yaakanga kare dzakapiswa muvira. Michina kwakadaro dzakakurumbira chaizvo saka kure. Simple penzura mufanidzo chakagadzirwa graphite uye kunosiya kuseri rima muhwezva. Nokuti kwayo kugadzirwa graphite upfu yakavhenganiswa nemvura uye nevhu. The neukukutu chigadzirwa kunotemwa nokuwanda ivhu. Chii nazvo zvakawanda - zviri manyoro kupfuura zviduku - zvakaoma. Mukanyiwa-kufanana namatidza, iyo yakaumbwa kubva musanganiswa iri vakayambuka venhau, pashure iyo yakaumbwa tambo iri anombotwasanudza, akagura kuti aida kukura uye kudzingwa basa mune chomubisiro. Zvadaro, misidhari kana nemipaini akagura achitevedza workpiece, edza mugomba nokuda kutungamirira, uye ipapo glued pamwe nayo nechekare. The zvichiguma plaques dzinobviswa uye yakabwinyiswa. To musi, yakabereka vanenge 300 siyana mapenzura. Ndivo siyana mune kwoukukutu uye ruvara. Nhasi, kune 72 mavara mishonga iyi. Uchibatsirwa dzavo, achinyorera girazi, jira, mapurasitiki, uye kunyange firimu. Vamwe vavo zvinoshandiswa kuvaka, kusiya chiratidzo kuti vachasara kwenguva refu kwenguva.

Nei ndichifanira kuva chena penzura mu yakatarwa

A mudziyo uyu ruvara kushandiswa kakawanda. Kazhinji kuzochera papepa mavara kana pamusoro marongera pakati marasha, ibwe penzura, sepia ... Kuwanda penzura zvakasiyana zvichienderana sei zvikuru shading rakaiswa. Kuti udzidze nei chena penzura kudhirowa rinoshandiswa, tarisai mufananidzo kuti kupendwa. Uchaona anonakidza zvinokonzerwa kuti havasi kudaro nyore kunzwisisa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kudzidza kufunga "iri akaipa". Kuti tipindure mubvunzo wokuti nei tichifanira chena penzura, edza zvakakwana kufukidza bepa zvakaenzana uchibatsirwa dema kutungamirira chiridzwa. Unofanira kushandisa mitsetse chena. basa kwakadaro achaita zvizhinji mubereko. Chimwe penzura chena anogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe mavara kunyora pasi.

Somunhu chena penzura anoshanda zvinoshamisa

chokushandisa ichi zvaunoswedera zvakanaka mavara rima. Kana usingazive nei uchida munhu chena penzura, ipapo chete edza kuzochera kwavari Glare, chando kana mvura, uye uchaona kuti zvichaita naka mufananidzo! Zvinobatsira kuti kuchinja pakati mavara muchechetere uye kuratidza mutambo chiedza pane imwe nyaya. Kushandisa zviri nyore chaizvo kugadzirisa zvikanganiso. Naizvozvo, zvakadai chombo rakanyatsojeka kukosha ziso hwemashiripiti.