Spratly Islands: photo, nhoroondo, ani, yokufaranuka. Battle pana Spratlys (1988)

Spratly Islands - chiduku rezvitsuwa muSouth Sea China. Havana refu yava nyaya nenharo pakati anoverengeka anoti, yagara kuedza kutora kuzvidzora. Nenzvimbo yakaisvonaka munyika zvazova pfungwa hondo, zvinovava kusawirirana pakati akawanda anoti.

Geolocation

Muna South Sea China zvakasiyana matombo pamusoro 400, kumboongororwa nezvimwe masangano, kusanganisira anenge 200 vanobatanidzwa Spratly yezvitsuwa. zvitsuwa zvose izvi pakutanga Coral mavambo. Vane yakaderera uye duku. Altitude haasi kupfuura 6 mamita. Kamwe izvi chitsuwa inotungamirwa vakadanwa Coral Island.

Spartli Islands dziri South Sea China. gungwa ichi - Semi-akanyudzwa nzvimbo yacho Pacific Ocean, iri pakati nemahombekombe Asia, dziva, Indochina uye Malay Peninsula, muna Sumatra, Kalimantan, muPalawan, yokuMindoro uye Taiwan. South Sea China akafuma zvitsuwa. Pedyo nzira dzakawanda zvikuru Ngarava huru munyika. Maererano nesayenzi Data munzvimbo iyi vari kuramba guru matura mafuta uye gasi. Rakanga Pakutanga gungwa iri inokosha chinhu, nekuti mvura yarwo kugeza pamhenderekedzo matanhatu masimba makuru.

Mabviro zvitsuwa

Vazhinji zvitsuwa - dzinozara Tidal shoals, kumboongororwa, mumawere, kukodzera upenyu hwevanhu, uyewo inomirira dambudziko chakakomba zvomumvura nhumbi. Asi mashoko ari inokosha uye enyika zvitsuwa zviduku izvi vane kukosha zvikuru munyika. Mushure yavo anobvumira ehurumende-muridzi kunomhangara kwete chete pazvitsuwa pachavo, asi pamusoro mvura pedyo nzvimbo, kusanganisira zvinhu. Kusvikira pakuguma 70s remakore rapfuura kuti upenyu matombo kumboongororwa uye zvitsuwa kufarira akanga asipo.

Spratly Islands nzvimbo - ndiyo nharaunda dzinenge 180,000 mativi makiromita. With nzvimbo iyi munyika nzvimbo pachayo chete zvishoma kupfuura 10 mativi mamita. makiromita, kusanganisira neapo rionekwe dzidzo gungwa. Zvayaiva Spratly Islands fotokotoryh akapa munyaya, south Paracel rezvitsuwa 500 makiromita. nhamba yavo haisi kugara, izvozvo zvinoenderana nemamiriro okunze uye usava nguva. dzidzo ose akapararira mugungwa muchimiro ane riemukaari kureba kusvika 1000 makiromita. Kubvisa kubva "kondinendi":

• Kalimantan - 30 km.
• MuPalawan - makiromita 60.
• Vietnamese Cam Ranh chengarava - 460? Km.
• chitsuwa Chinese pamusoro Hainan - 970? km.

mapeji enhau

Nhoroondo Spratly Islands iri:

• Kare '59 BC akanga pamutemo akaita kutaurwa Chinese kare pamusoro zviwi, iyo zvino zvakazivikanwa geographers yokutanga pamusoro Han dzinza.
• Chete muna 1211, rezvitsuwa yakatanga akabatwa ari map China.
• Muna 1405, akakurumbira Chinese aidzidzisa Chzhen Akadzika paakashanyira nhamba zvitsuwa.
• Muna 1478 Zvikepe chikepe akatakura China pamusoro kumboongororwa ari pazvitsuwa.
• Muna 1530, aiongorora Alvarez De Albuquerque Diegos akatumwa kunotsvaka Chinese nzira. Panguva iyoyowo paanoshanyira kumadokero zvitsuwa yezvitsuwa.
• Munzvimbo ino 1606 Spaniard Andreas De Pessora anodana akaona chitsuwa chacho - Santa Esmeralda Pekuena. Rakanga mumwe pazvitsuwa zvacho, asi Spratly yezvitsuwa.
• Muzana remakore rechi17, "Card makwara mu Southern Nyika" Kusvikira Va nezvemwoyo Spratly Islands, inonzi "jecha yeyero" rinoreva Chinese Kuangigay province. Pashure paizvozvo, Nguyen kutonga imba anotanga kutumira rimwe gore nemahombekombe zvitsuwa 18 zvikepe zvavo.
• Pahwaro Chinese zvenhoroondo manotsi akapa mashoko kudanana shure 1710, Chirevo Spratly Islands Chinese uridzi. Panguva iyoyo pasi North Island akavaka temberi duku IST Key.
• Muna 1714 matatu Dutch ngarava wakaputsanyiwa nemhenderekedzo pakati Spratlys. Vietnamese varedzi akanunurazve chikwata. The yeDutch aendeswe kuna mambo, uye akatuma kumba.
• The mambo of Nguyen youmambo anoti "Company Hoàng Sa" nokuda kushandisa mvura zvitsuwa South Sea China. Zvikepe munyaya kambani kuwana zvose zvitsuwa 6 pagore.
• Kubva 1730 kusvika 1735 apfuura, Pirates vakashandisa Spratly Islands sechinhu pokutangira umbowo kurwisa achipfuura ari Dutch, British uye ngarava Portuguese. Muna 1735, Britain vaparadze Pirate dendere ari pazvitsuwa.
• Munguva kubva 1758 kusvika 1768 panguva Admiral French Sharl Ektor Théoden akashanyira Vietnam kuti kushandisa Spratly rezvitsuwa kuti mudziyo motokari yavo. Panguva iyoyowo anoti kuvapo kwepfuti kuEurope Kudzingwa akatorwa zvikepe chakaparadzwa muna rezvitsuwa nemhenderekedzo.
• Wezvenhau Le Ki Don muna 1784 rinopa tsananguro itsva nekorari zviwi.
• Muna 1786, Generalissimo Tay Mwanakomana anopa murayiro kutanga kutsvaga pazvitsuwa zvendarama, sirivha uye pfuti kubva mungarava zvikepe, uyewo zvokuvakisa hove isingawanzowanikwi uye anoshongwa ose nenjiva. Nokuti chinangwa ichi dzinounzwa 4 ngarava.
• Muna 1791, Britain Captain Henry Spratly chitsuwa anopa dzidzo wandei. Pavo anopa zita rake pamutemo.
• Muna 1798, pane chimwe chitsuwa chiri Spratly rezvitsuwa, Britain vakatasva nezvakataurwa shongwe. matongo ayo zvichiripo.
• Muna 1816, Mambo Gia Long pamusoro Vietnam pamutemo akaparidza uchangamire kwayo uye vachatonga pamusoro Spratly Islands.
• Munguva kubva 1835 kusvika 1847 makore, muchirumbidza Paracel Islands uye Spratly Islands zvinowanika kakawanda zvinyorwa Vietnamese vatongi. Muchiitiko chino, hapana uchapupu zvitsuwa dzarwo China.
• Muna 1847, Kesari pakati China chirevo pamusoro kwokubatsira nyika Spratly warships kuongorora nzvimbo.
• Muna 1848, ari kutonga Mambo Nam Ha Vietnamese zvinowanisa duku uto revarwi kuongorora mabasa dzimwe fleets muzvitsuwa.
• wezvenhau wokuFrance Dubois of Jancigny muna 1850 zvinopupurira kuti bhodhi pazvitsuwa Mambo Vietnam.
• Mu "rondedzero pamusoro nhoroondo Vietnam," Nguen Chong muna 1876 rinotaura muzvitsuwa ndeve nyika umambo.
• Pachitsuwa Amboyna French Cuba yakavakwa muna 1887.
• Achitevedza mahombekombe rezvitsuwa muna 1895, rinoparadzwa ngarava maviri dzakatakura mhangura. Cargo titsvake uye kutora vanogara pachitsuwa Hainan. UK anotumira chitsamba kunyunyuta kuti Chinese utungamiri. Zvisinei, izvozvo anogamuchira mhinduro kuti munharaunda apo kuparara kwakaitika, pamwe China handizvo, uye Chinese hurumende haisi mhosva chii chiri kuitika Spratly Islands.
• Muna 1898, panguva kusaina of Spanish-American chibvumirano kutaura renhoroondo kumiganhu kuPhilippines, uye nharaunda yacho Spratly haina zvaisanganisira.
• Muna 1901, Japan nechisimba paunomubata Dongsha Island, uye muna 1908 vakatengesa kuna China.
• Muna 1906 akabudisa "Guide kuna Geography of China", iro zvakajeka miganhu yacho. Spratly Islands haana kuiswawo.
• Muna June 1909, mubati Chinese mapurovhinzi Guangdong uye Guangxi akatuma gunboats mauto kuzvitsuwa kunombata.
• rwendo French muna 1925 inoratidza kuti Paracel Islands vari chikamu State of Vietnam.
• French kuti "De Lanessan" inotumirwa pamhenderekedzo Spratly rezvitsuwa kuongorora pazvitsuwa zvacho uye matura phosphates.
• Muna 1930, kubudikidza zvarayirwa chitsuwa Indochina Gavhuna General Spratly akazivisa ndima French.
• Muna 1933, pane uto rokurwa nhamba zvitsuwa zviri South Sea China, kusanganisira Spratly.
• Muna December 1933, Spratly rezvitsuwa akabatanidza Cochin China (China) province. Spratly Island anonzi Nansha.
• Japanese Minister Foreign muna March 1939 kuzivisa Spratly Islands ndima Japanese. Muna April, achitsutsumwa pamusoro France, kuratidza kodzero dzavo munyika.
• Muna 1945, Japan renounces ayo vanoti kune Spratlys. A Chinese Mauto yakawira pamusoro rezvitsuwa pasi chokumupomera kuti zvombo nemauto eJapan.
• Muna 1947, zvakanga akazivisa. Pamutemo kutsutsumwa kubva French Hurumende China pamusoro pamutemo rokurwa Spratly Islands Asi muna December, chirevo mberi basa rezvitsuwa mapoka chitsuwa Paracel uye Spratly Chinese mazita Xisha uye Nansha Islands, ukuwo. Vose vanobatanidzwa mu China.
• Muna 1950, hurumende mauto China kuti kusiya chitsuwa, akavanda Taiwan.
• Hurumende Philippine anoti vaiva muzvitsuwa 1951. China okutsutsumwa. The Vietnamese hurumende Báo Daya ndizvo ayo dzaanodzora. Panguva iyoyowo, Japan akasiya nevanodzidza nezvenhamba zvachose.
• Muna 1956, kwaiva enyika neechiuto Kusanzwisisana pakati muPhilippines, China, Vietnam. France akaudza kwavo kodzero kuna Spratly Islands.
• nyika isati 1974 zvitanhatu vaiva makakatanwa pamusoro vaiva yezvitsuwa iyi. zviwi siyana yakatamira akasiyana anoti.
• Muna January 1974 bombardment vamwe zvitsuwa kubva China yokutanga yakaitwa. The Hurumende Vietnamese yakumbira kubatsirwa United Nations. Ipapo musoro Vietnamese Choushumiri Foreign nyaya kuUnited States.
• Kusvikira 1988, paiva usingashandi dzichikunetsa pamusoro weboka munharaunda muzvitsuwa zviri South Sea China. Muna 1984, Zimbabwe anonamatirana kukakavadzana.
• Muna 1988, kurwisana nezvombo vakatora nzvimbo. Battle nokuti Spratly Islands kwakaitika pakati muchiuto China uye Vietnam munzvimbo yacho the reef Johnson boka Spratly Islands. Panguva iyoyo rakauraya 70 Vietnamese vezvikepe. The Battle of Spratly Islands muna 1988 yava kwati kuti nguva yose kukakavadzana uye zvaaitaura. Kuwanda varwi vakafa Chinese hwakagadzwa.
• Vasati 1996, vakanga pasingashandiswi ropa nyika akadzvinya. Muna January 1996, paiva atirari kurwa pakati Philippine uye Chinese warships.
• Kunyange miganhu kusawirirana handiregi, asi kuitwa murunyararo kosi.

Kusawirirana pamusoro Spratly

Miganhu nharo, iyo yakava Spratly chitsuwa centre, ndeye munhu State, zvaibva zvakasiyana zvikonzero, chikuru zvacho:

• Geopolitical vavariro.
• Kuzvidzora pakufamba pakutengeserana.
• Hupo mudunhu.
• Kuwedzera pamiganhu uye zvoupfumi zvikamu.
• Kugona vose zviwanikwa zviri munharaunda.

Panyaya iyi, rakazara nokuzvidira waiver pakati Spratlys haina urongwa kuti chero mamiriro kushandisa kwavari. Zvisinei, imwe itsva mamiriro, vachiti ayo zvido yezvitsuwa iyi. Uyu ndiye United States, kufarira nyika - mafuta. All zviwi vanoonekwa vaizova Mahydrocarbon.

Kudzora zvitsuwa

Panguva iyoyo vari South Sea China, ezvinhu akaoma. The inogara Mauto uye anopa mumwe uwandu Spratly Islands iri:

• China anoshandisa kuzvidzora pamusoro mapfumbamwe pazvitsuwa zvacho zviri yezvitsuwa.
• Mapoka avarwi pamusoro Vietnam vanogara 21 chitsuwa.
• Philippines pachavo kupa 8 Islands.
• Malaysia 3 anodzora chitsuwa.
• On chitsuwa Taypindao vari mauto muTaiwan.
• Other zvitsuwa kuramba vakasununguka (nekaupenyu).

Kushanda "Mutemo regungwa"

Zvino chete "Mutemo pegungwa" asingagoni kuona mamiriro zvitsuwa. Zvino "inoshanda basa". Kureva pasi pomutemo upi nyika munyika haina kodzero vanoti zvoupfumi mapazi ose miganhu mvura kana kuti kukomba pedyo pasherufu. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana kugarwa neezviwi uye vaine avo ezvoupfumi mabasa. Asi vazhinji pazvitsuwa izvi vari diki saka kana nguva nenguva nemafashamo chii hatigoni kutaura dzasvika.

yokurwisana ugari

Ndokusaka muna 1994, nhanho kuti rugare kugarwa makakatanwa akaitwa. It chisarudzo pamusoro ratification dzeUN Convention. Vietnam uye China asvika dzisina kubvumirana, uchisarudza kuti wopindura mibvunzo pamusoro uchangamire Spratly Islands kumbosendeka kwemakore 50. Kwakasarudzwa kukudziridza pamwe zviwanikwa uri bilateral hwaro.

Kuvakwa chakagadzirwa zvitsuwa

Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru Beijing akawedzera ayo nokuedza kutanga pasherufu kubva 2002. Basa rakatanga musi pakuvaka chakagadzirwa zvitsuwa. Ndicho kwehwamanda kadhi zvaipesana nemamwe anoti. Zvechokwadi, repopulating zviwi, China achawana simba pamusoro pavo.

Chakagadzirwa zvitsuwa zviri Spratly rezvitsuwa - paradhiso vashanyi. Asi saka kure ivo vagere chete nemauto. China zvishoma nezvishoma anowedzera nzvimbo zvitsuwa "yavo" iri South Sea China. zvivako izvi achagona kumira chero zvivakwa. China ndiro huta pamusoro US vachiridza Mwari, kuita ostrovostroitelstvom akatendeuka matombo Atoll pachiwi yakanakiswa jecha jena uye mitema munzvimbo. On mumwe aimbova the reef zvakavakwa chakasimwa-runway uye girinihausi. On chakagadzirwa zvitsuwa vanotova 4 Banga.

Kunze enyika zvinangwa pakuvaka Zvitsuwa, China zvichatevera zvido zvoupfumi. Paakasika chakagadzirwa zvitsuwa richaita China kubudisa bedzi vanoti miganhu mvura mukati 200 mamaira. US anoti China haana kucherechedza hazvizivi zvitsuwa zviri South Sea China muna 2012, asi hapana kuchengeteka zviyero ikoko.

Zvino tichibatsirwa rakagadzirwa nevanhu kuwedzera munyika China kwave vakwanise kuwedzera Holdings dzavo 1.5 mativi makiromita. Kuwedzera nzvimbo pachitsuwa kuchaita pakupedzisira kubatana pedyo kumboongororwa, pazvitsuwa zvacho uye zvitsuwa.

Kana kutarira migumisiro China kuti basa pane kunzwa kuti Spratly Islands zororo nokuti vashanyi vachakwanisa kupa hwemafaro wakakwana. Kana kuvakwa zvitsuwa yakasvika Parainge, apo vose anodiwa kwezvivako kuti hwomutambarakede garei, kuti Spratly vanova "Mecca" wenyika ushanyi. Uyezve, okunze uye Geolocation Islands kusangana zvose zvinodiwa zviri nzvimbo yakanaka zororo.