St George Cathedral iri Yuriev-Polsky: photo, mapurani

The mutaundi duku Yuriev-Polsky pasi Vladimir rakaumbwa muna 1152 na Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Kubva wegumi remakore hwegumi waiva musimboti nhaka duku. Sezvo 1212 zvakanzi vaiva ne Svyatoslav - muzukuru muvambi muguta. Dzematunhu nemitemo veguta, Chokwadi, vasingagoni kuenzaniswa Zalesskoye chikuru nemisha, inozivikanwa kwayo hwokudhirowa pfuma.

Uye kunyange kune imwe Paaidzidzisa yekare mavakirwo muguta, asi akanga asiya kure shure zvivako zvakawanda zvakafanana.

The yakakurumbira St. George Cathedral

In Yuriev-Polsky zvakanzi yakavakwa kukudzwa kukunda, iyo yakahwina Dolgoruky muchinda Volga Bulgars. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1221. Izvi kukunda Monument, maererano venhoroondo, ndiye "wokumwe uye chinoshamisa, akanaka uye mano" kuvakwa, mumwe mhando.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Panzvimbo magetsi St. George Cathedral, asi muna 1152 Yuri Dolgoruky akarayira kuvaka chechi shoma chena ibwe duku. Iye wakayeriswa wake Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, vaakadana anorichengeta kwake mutsvene. Muna 1230 muzukuru wake - Svyatoslav - akaparadza kuvaka sekuru vake, nokuti "raderera uye akaputsika." Uye panzvimbo yayo 1230th zvakanzi yakavakwa Cathedral St. George muna Yuriev-Polsky, razova kwete chete korona yacho Vladimir-Suzdal mapurani, asiwo wokupedzisira chena ibwe chivako pamberi Mongol-wechiTatar nechisimba.

Features temberi

Kana asati kunyange pashure hapana munhu akagona kupfuura zvinoshamisa runako rwayo rounyanzvi. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti akadzokorora kuedza ake akaitwa kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Cathedral St. George muna Yuriev-Polsky, mufananidzo uri kumashure izvo akatora musha wose nzvimbo aishanyira guta rino, vakava kumumvuri of Moscow kubvuma, yakavakwa muna Kremlin muna 1326. Zvisinei, kufanana chechi akasagona kuvaka. Just asingagoni kuwana vanatenzi vakadaro aizokwanisa kanenge aoma kutevedzera chete chena ibwe muenzaniso kuti chose anofukidza Cathedral iri St George muna Yuriev-Polish. Pictures ane kapeti rakafukidza masvingo etemberi kumusoro uye pasi.

upenyu chechipiri

Its chivakwa yakavakwa kwemakore mana. Zvinofanira kumira kwayo kwepakutanga chimiro makore anopfuura mazana maviri, kusvikira muna 1460 havana kuitika pokuwa kwedenga, pachena, asingakwanisi kubereka zvakare mitoro inorema. Ko pokunyengetedza mamwe uchapupu kuti nei George Cathedral rakaparadzwa Yuriev-Polish. Archaeology, iyo inodzidza panyama uchapupu kare anoratidza kuti chikonzero aigona kuva tectonic mhosva, uyewo pasi.

By chirevo Grand Duke vanozivikanwa Moscow mapurani V. D. Ermolinu akarairwa kushanda kudzorerwa. The mapurani akanga atova zvimwe Zvakaitika kudzorerwa zvivako izvi yekare. It Ermolin zvichipomerwa vakaungana zvakare Yuryev-Polsky Cathedral of St. George (mapikicha zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya). The mapurani vakati akadzosera chechi uye ayo chapero, "achiisa kwaari sepakutanga." Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi.

New Kutarira

Panguva mabasa kudzorerwa vakanga zvikuru zvakanyanya kunaka pristine kukura huru building, vava kupfuura ponderous. Vazhinji reliefs vakarasika, uye vanatenzi yasara yakanyongana, ndokusaka temberi France akapa pfungwa randomly vakapararira uye havana womukati pfungwa zvakafanira chinosiririsa mifananidzo.

Mumazana emakore akatevera kuzovazve Cathedral Yermolin St. George muna Yuriev-Polsky kakawanda kare ichigadziriswa. Saka, muna nemanomwe remakore belfry yakavakwa pamusoro kumadokero nevharanda. Muna 1781 nayo chikatsiviwa mumwe - zvaitoshamisa, iyo yakavakwa kurutivi rwamavirazuva, uye St. George Cathedral akazadza mana materu, asi aifanira pozakomarnoe viomak, zvose chena ibwe mutemberi.

Muna 1809-1827 gg. mukuru chivakwa kuchamhembe uye rwezasi namahwindo uye mutsva sacristy inodziya zvakabatanidzwa. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti kuparadzwa itsva uye kukanganisa pamusoro shongwe yekare, iro nhasi zvakajeka kuoneka vakawanda vekare mifananidzo. St. George Cathedral akamuka aripo chimiro chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kana vakanga pakupedzisira kuparadzwa nokuti kujaidza zviri kuwedzera.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mhosva Ermolina haana chokwadi. zvakanga zvakakodzera kwete chete kuti adzorere Cathedral St. George muna Yuriev-Polsky, ane mapurani rakasiyana nemamwe, asiwo recreate kuitira kuti zvakavezwa rakamonana zvinogumbura vakanga zvakare rakasimba ibwe muenzaniso, vakabatanidzwa nevakawanda nechinangwa: chinhu akaoma basa pamberi pake. Zvisinei, kwete makapfeka ruoko hapana mapikicha kana vanodhirowa, uye akapiwa chokuti vazhinji matombo pamusana pokuwa vaingonyepedzera kuparadzwa, rega aitenge.

unyanzvi motifs

About kuvesa kuti inoshongedza Cathedral of St. George, rakanyorwa akati zvizhinji. Her uri motifs kusvikira maviri emakore vave akafuridzirwa vemifananidzo vakawanda vaiita emapuranga "mapofu" Threaded.

Oma mapatani kuratidza mhuka, shiri, uye miti, shumba, shiri ine rakarukwa miswe - vose, vaiva zvisikwa zvaMwari, rumbidzai Musiki iri ikapenya chena ibwe mundiro dzakavezwa aishongedza ari Cathedral St. George muSt George.

Stone "resi"

Vakasunga muenzaniso kwete chete pamasvingo ndege, asi anenge ose mapurani mashoko akadai misoro, mbiru uye nezvikumbaridzo. Mifananidzo yevanhu nemhuka, ngano mhuka - zvose yaiteverwa pamwe oma maruva nezvishongo. Somugumisiro, zvemapuranga chose ibwe resi George Cathedral sokunge oma zvakaumbwa chinogumbura chekawo kubva ibwe hwakasimba. Chaizvo nokuti chivako ichi chaiva zvokushamisira uye mutambo.

akitekicha

Cathedral zviduku. Its lateral pamadziro "vashoma" nemavharanda. Vakavhara maberere pamusoro France imwe keel zakomars. West yeberere, waiva pakutanga kurei uye yakakwirira divi. Akanga kechipiri storey uye kwaya, akaronga kuti machinda mhuri. Pakona, panguva panosangana masvingo kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva, kwaiva diki chapero Utatu, yaiva nzvimbo namachinda JuR'EVSKIJj kuvigwa. Kunze pano uye nhasi zviri kuoneka arkosoly, apo muna 1252 akavigwa Prince Svyatoslav.

The pamadziro ose Church vakakamurwa pilasters migove mitatu. chidobi Izvi maitire Russian mapurani yekare uye ndicho chiratidzo mana mbiru mutemberi. The chinjikira nekunyatsotsanangura ari church ikoko arkaturno-columnar vematunhu, iyo panguva yokuparadzwa remakore rechigumi nemashanu richiripo kwete zvachose. Iyewo rakareba rokumusoro chikamu apse, uyewo dzakaparadzaniswa Semi-pembiru. In zvose tiers ari bhandi anopiwa mahwindo zvakakwana mukuru, uye zvakananga pamusoro nechepakati temberi huru vakamira mumwe kuutio wakamutswa rinokosha nechigadziko musoro.

Temberi aimbova

Nyanzvi dzinoti yakadaro mutoro shure-ichipaza, uyewo dzakakwirira namaberere uye akaita pokuwa hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Kunyange zvakadaro, mavakirwo yepakutanga shanduro okumusoro akanga dzinoratidzwa ichikwira uye dynamism. Mutete kukura, pamwe mavharanda matatu yepakutanga, akapa Chiesa gradation uye stolpoobraznoe.

Kunyange zvazvo ake compositional dynamism St. George Cathedral muSt George akanga yakati muduku zvakafanana zvivako Kiev uye Smolensk, iye palpably mukuru wavo wakatarwa chitarisiko. Uye pamusoro peizvi zvose vakabatsira kupfuma uye Runako shinda, kufukidza madziro ose.

mukati

Inside the Cathedral of St. George wakapamhama zvakakwana. Izvi kwave kubudirira nemhaka yokuti mbiru iyo hwakavigwa mumakamuri ake, akaisa paupamhi kunze uye takatamira kune madziro. Atari nzvimbo aparadzana huru pasi chipingamupinyi hwaakange Tile unotemwa deesis.

Kusimba akanaka uye murals pamusoro zvokunyaradza kugadzira. Zvisinei, muchechi, usina hazvizivi chiedza, nguva dzose rima, saka kuona zvose mavara ari mapikicha, dzimwe nguva hazviiti. Kazhinji, mukati menyika Church vasingagoni kuenzaniswa kushongedzwa wayo kunze.

pamadziro

On sirivha-yellow madziro Cathedral unogona kupedza maawa kudzidza oma curls amabwe kuvesa. Zvidzidzo zviri restorers nounyanzvi refu maiita kuti zvibvire kuti zvakazara kuratidza yepakutanga pfungwa vavaki uye zvakawanda kana zvishoma kugadzirisa nayo.

Huru nziyo kuti akashongera Cathedral St. George muna Yuriev-Polsky, vaiona "Nokuchinja" riri kumadokero France, "sleepers nomwe" uye "Utatu". On yaro rwokumusoro vari "The Crucifixion" uye "Dhanieri mugomba reshumba." nziyo akadai "Kukwidzwa", "The neMhandara Orans", akanga yakashongedzwa rwezasi France.

The zvaiva rose tambo yavatsvene vakanga vanoratidzwa arkaturno bhandi. nzira iyi Kwakafanana Gothic machechi muEurope. Kurutivi rwokumusoro rusvingo zvakanzi kupendwa vatsigiri vakawanda machinda Vladimir dzinza. Zvinoitawo yakaitwa uye kuzorodzwa hombe Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Holy anorondedzerwa muuto dzokurwa, anotakura nhoo chiratidzo machinda hwedzinza - ingwe vagofa.

creators

Mumwe venhoroondo dzekare kuziva ndiani tenzi akasika Church. Vamwe vakaratidza maonero kuti munyori pachake akanga Svyatoslav. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti kunyange zvazvo muchinda uye akatora chikamu chikuru paakasika Purani iyi mapurani Paaidzidzisa, voplotitelyami muupenyu hwake aiva munhuwo nyanzvi dzokugadzira Russian.

In pakusikwa Church akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha, uye Mitrofan - Vladimir mabhishopu, vakanga kupiswa vapenyu Tatars. Yaiva hunoshamisa unhu, munhu mukuru tsika, munhu akangwara enyika uye vaichengetedza pamusoro hwemashiripiti. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti ndiye akakurukura vanoronga inoshamisa kuvesa kuti inoshongedza Cathedral St George muna Yuriev-Polish. In varo vanotongwa akanzwa yakadzika ruzivo kwete chete Patristic, asiwo mabhuku pakunamata Russian.

Kunewo inoshuma kuti kuvakwa temberi yaiva mwene Volga Bulgaria. Uye ichi pasinei ndechokuti Church yakavakwa zvizere zvaidiwa Vladimir-Suzdal yakananga mapurani. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti urongwa hwakadaro zvaisagona kushandiswa kana kuti mhizha achiri vangadai vasina ruzivo zvakakwana. Chete okusika kukura wokuRussia ibwe carvers, uyo woga chiitiko zvitange vamutangira, uyewo mienzaniso yakanakisisa omunharaunda uye vatorwa unyanzvi, akabvumira pane imwe nguva pave upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova ibwe - St. George Cathedral muSt George.