Stanisław lem yake yokufungidzira "Solaris"

1961 ndipo kwakaratidzwa kwete chete ndege yokutanga yevanhu muchadenga, asiwo chokwadi chokuti yokufungidzira "Solaris" yakatanga kubudiswa mugore. Munyori uyu tarenda chigadzirwa aiva munyori wokuPoland yechiJudha kwakabva Stanisław lem. "Solaris" kwaifanira kuva kwete chete kupfuura inozivikanwa nemabasa munyori, asi wosiya zvisingafi chiratidzo muna tarenda mabhuku enyika.

Stanisław lem - munyori yokufungidzira "Solaris"

Stanisław lem, kana pavanenge vanouti muna Stanisław lem yokumusha, akaberekwa ari wokuUkraine guta reLviv, iyo panguva iyoyo raiva Poland. Childhood romunyori yemberi vakapfuura ikoko. Ndapedza chikoro, wechiduku Stanisław akasarudzwa zvokurapa uye akapfuurira kudzidza mushonga paUniversity muLviv. Zvisinei, pamwe nokutambudzika Second World War, lem akamanikidzwa kusiya chikoro uye kuwana basa ndiri weredha.

Munyori uye vabereki vake vaiva vaJudha. Zvisinei, vakakwanisa kudzivisa pokutapwa uye mujeri mumisasa yevasungwa pamusana ndokugadzira magwaro.

Pashure pehondo, Lviv yakava chikamu USSR, uye lem, danda, akamanikidzwa kusiya guta rake uye vatamire Krakow. Pano akaramba zvidzidzo ake ari pamberi Jagiellonian University.

The rinorema post-hondo nguva zvakaoma kubva Stanisław lem vaiva vashoma. Kuti uwane mamwe mari yavo haringakupembedzi nguva, pamutemo basa, akatanga kunyora pfupi senhema nyaya. Nokukurumidza lem tarenda akafarirwa, mamwe chikamu razova ake chikuru basa.

Muna 1951, munyori rinobudisa makuru basa rake rokutanga - mubhuku renyaya yokufungidzira rinonzi "muchadenga kunoongorora". basa Ikoku lem anozivikanwa kwete chete muPoland asi munyika yose. "Asitironati" rinoshandurwa mune mimwe mitauro uye kazhinji republished.

Mumakore akatevera, kunosiya yakawanda munyori. Enganonyorwa "Magellanic Cloud", "muchiongororwa", "muEdheni", "Dzokai kubva Stars", "netsamba Found mutabhu yokugezera", "asingakundiki," "Inzwi raJehovha", "Qatar" uye vamwe. Ichitanga chinosetsa nyaya "The Star Diaries," ari adventures ane asitironati, dzakaunganidzwa essays, "nhaurirano", mumwe chinosetsa nyaya "The Invasion kubva Aldebaran." Series "Tales marobhoti" nyaya, "The Cyberiad," "Tales pamusoro Pirx ari Pilot", "maturo kwakakwana" uye zvakawanda. Pakati mabasa munyori sechinhu autobiographical itsva pamusoro pauduku muLviv "High Castle" uye vakawanda vakakurumbira munyika kwouzivi ingano yokufungidzira "Solaris".

Munyori akafa muna March 2006, zvinetso mwoyo uye akavigwa Krakow.

Pfupiso of yokufungidzira "Solaris"

Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, vanhu ari kushingaira kukura nzvimbo. Dzinopfuura zana namakumi matatu asati chokurondedzera puraneti Solaris kwave yakawanikwa nemasayendisiti. Pakutanga, vanhu vakafunga kuti akanga pasingagarwi. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, vanhu vakadzidza kuti kiseleobrazny yomugungwa, kufukidza pepasi yepasi - chisikwa chipenyu. Vanhu vakafara uye vakatanga kutsvaka nzira kuti kuonana nepfungwa iyi. Asi zana remakore yokupedzisira, uye kuti kuitira uye vakakundikana.

At zvokutsvakurudza chezvitima musi Solaris kunouya mushandi itsva - wepfungwa Chris Kelvin. Maitiro zvimwe vashandi yemapurisa - Snauta uye Sartorius - zvinoita chinoshamisa kwazvo. Uyezve, wechitatu ainzi Gibaryan mukuru nguva pfupi vasati vasvika Chris vakazviuraya.

Kelvin vasina nguva kugaya ose akanaka, haisi kuzivikanwa apo ake aimbova musikana anooneka Hari. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kuva nayo, sezvo akanga kamwe akazviuraya. Kuedza All kubvisa Chris Hari kundikana - akadzoka zvakare uye zvakare. Nokukurumidza nezvepfungwa anowana kuti mumwe vashandi nhengo ane kukokwa "mueni" zvakafanana vekare. Zvachinja kupinda nguva apo vanhu kudzidza Solaris, nyika, zvakare, akatanga kuitisa "kuedza" pamusoro vaongorori vavo. Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo materializes zvinhu youtsinye uye zvinonyadzisa kuyeuka vanhu kugara panyika.

Calvin nevamwe kutambura vari kushingaira kutsvaka nzira ndeyokubvisa "vakokwa" zvavo, anonzi phantoms. Zvisinei, havana kushanda. Zvichakadai, Chris anotanga kuva kuda Hari, iyo iri kuramba ichiva dzevanhu uye nokukurumidza iye kufembera kwavakabva zvavo. Nekuona kuti iye ndiye, iye anoedza kuzviuraya, asi iye haana kubuda.

Kelvin nokukurumidza hunoguma kutsvaka nzira yavangabata Hari. Asi mamwe masoja ake pamwe musikana mberi kutsvakurudza muchivande. Vanotarisira kuti vabudirire uye nokuparadza vose zvipoko pachiteshi, kusanganisira Hari.

Chris atsamwa kwazvo nokurasikirwa uku. vaaishanda navo aitya kuti aizoita chinhu nekumhanyirira - Ridzai nyika kana kuzviuraya. Asi zvakakomba rethinking chiitiko, Kelvin anosarudza kuramba Solaris uye kumwe kutsvakurudza.

History of kunyora yokufungidzira

The nganonyorwa "Solaris" akanga asiri mabasa ekutanga mikuru yokunyepera lem. Zvisinei, vakatanga kuenda kure munyori utopian mifananidzo ramangwana, hwakanga yapfuura robhoti ake.

The chikuru Chikamu "Solaris" zvakanyorwa muzhizha 1959, apo Stanisław lem pazororo kumaodzanyemba kwePoland. Asi paakadzoka kumba, munyori akakanda konekwa chinyorwa kwerinenge gore. Muna 1960, lem anosarudza vachiri kupedza yokufungidzira "Solaris". Kuti izvi zvidaro, iye apedza chitsauko wokupedzisira, uyewo fora ambonyora wenyaya. Muna 1961, mumwe yokufungidzira yakabudiswa muna Poland, uye mumakore hunotevedzana nayo vari kutanga kushandurira kupinda mimwe mitauro.

Sezvo akazonyora mumabhuku ake autobiographical iye lem, zvinhu zvakawanda zviri yokufungidzira yake "Solaris" akanga asingatsananguriki kwaari. Paaishanda pane rimwe yokufungidzira, munyori dzimwe nguva zvaiita kuti mumwe anomuudza sei uye chii kunyora.

sikirini shanduro

Muna 1963 iye hwakatamisirwa mutauro Russian "Solaris". The nganonyorwa akafadzwa zvikuru vaverengi Soviet kuti makore mashanu chete pashure chinyorwa vavariro vake filmed TV inoratidza pamwe Vasiliem Lanovym Starring.

Muna 1972, Andrei Tarkovsky akatora firimu zvizere pamusoro yokufungidzira kubudikidza lem pamwe Donatas Banionis sezvo Kelvin. Zvichakadai, munyori mukuru yokufungidzira chose isakarurama pavakatambudzwa rethinking kuti "Solaris" Tarkovsky, achiti kuti mutungamiriri mukuru haana kunzwisisa hurongwa hwake.

Pakutanga maviri kuzviuru Stanisław lem aida Film yokufungidzira wake Hollywood. Pashure kukundikana Tarkovsky munyori akazeza, asi akabvuma. Uye muna 2002 pamusoro sefa kunze yechitatu kwadzakabva pamusoro yokufungidzira "Solaris". Zvinosuwisa ndezvokuti kuti kunyanya kure kubva yepakutanga firimu pane 1972.

Muna 2016 unosvitsa makore 55 kubva bhuku rinonzi Stanislava rama, "Solaris". The nganonyorwa pamusoro makore haana kurasa kushanda kwayo uye anoramba fadza pfungwa vakawanda zvizvarwa itsva kuvaverengi.