"The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo (rondedzero)? The dambudziko Genre

Latest Comedy kutamba AP Chekhov akava "The Cherry Orchard." Mushure mutambo "Hanzvadzi Matatu", kusvika pamwero wakati, inotyisa mabasa, Chekhov pakarepo pfungwa itsva. Uye nokuda kwechikonzero aida, uye kunyange akanyora nezvazvo kune shamwari dzako, kuti nguva iyi zvakanga anosetsa zvikuru, zvichida iri zano. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti munyori pachake kunotsanangurwa kuti rechipiri Genre. Zvisinei, kunyange kana upenyu Chekhov, apo yokutanga kugadzirwa panguva Moscow Art Theater, mutambo chaipiwa sechidhakwa mutambo uye kunyange njodzi.

"The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana Comedy? sezvamunoita

Zvino apo zviri? Drama ne tsanangudzo - ndiwo mabhuku basa zvakagadzirirwa anyanye padanho upenyu. Zviri pachikuva, iye anowana Zvatichangobva kuvapo, anoratidza yokusafa zvinoreva mairi, mamwe anosarudza Genre kwayo. Asi shoko rapera tsanangudzo Genre, kuti sezvo zvingava, kwagara shure yemitambo, vatungamiri uye vatambi. Anozivikanwa chokwadi kuti Chekhov sezvo mumwe munyori wemitambo dzemitambo itsva pfungwa kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu uye vachinzwisisa achitsutsumwa uye kwete pakarepo, asi refu uye nokutambudzika kukuru. Kana iwe nyora "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo, rondedzero nezvenyaya iyi inogona kwakavakirwa pabonde chetsika dudziro kuti ichi elegy zvinoshamisa - kutsanangura kuti akanzi vakuru vanotambira chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo unyanzvi, akadai Stanislavsky uye Nemirovich-Danchenko. Czechs nezvazvo ipapo vachiri kukwanisa kugadzira yemitambo hasha dzavo kurapa kwakadaro.

"The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana Comedy? muchidimbu zvinhu zvose

Maererano zvarongwa kutamba akatotanga zvivi vaimbova varidzi Manor nemhuri yake dendere. In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, kunyange pamberi Chekhov, nhamba iyi kazhinji akafukidza Russian mabhuku uye kunoshamisa uye zvinosuruvarisa uye comically. Edza kufunga chii chichagadzirisa ino chaiyo dambudziko uye sei kunzwisisa "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana Comedy nayo.

Mafungiro ichi Chekhov pakutsvaga chokuti panzvimbo kwamachinda, zvishoma nezvishoma kuva usashanda uye ushamwari munzanga yokukanganwa, chikatsiviwa capitalism, uye kwazvo kutaurwa mifananidzo Ranevskaya - varombo noblewoman, uye Lopakhin - mupfumi, uye muzukuru aimbova serf. In izvi matunhu maviri Chekhov akaona vatsivi National tsika. Kwamachinda munyori akaona pakati rokutanga Russian tsika. Pano Chokwadi, usakanganwa pamusoro serfdom, rinotaurwa muna kutamba, asi vachiri wokutanga panzvimbo tsika.

Ranevskaya uye LOPAKHIN

Mumwe vanonyanya kutaurwa - Ranevskaya, iye mwene wemunda, uye mweya wake. Naizvozvo, pasinei zvose zvakaipa ayo uye hanya (dzemitambo dzakawanda vanosimbisa kuti muParis akava vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka), kana iye akadzokera kumba kwababa vake, zvose kumativi kushandurwa uye akararamazve. The imba akatambanudza zvinoita nokusingaperi vaigaramo vakatiza.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha protagonist - LOPAKHIN kuti bvudzi kwakaita noupamhi anoenderana nayo. Anoda nhetembo, ake minwe akatunhidzwa uye mutete, kufanana emhizha, nzwisisa uye kudzivirirwa mweya. In Ranevskaya, anofunga zvakasimba munhu pehama mweya. Zvisinei, zviri vulgarity weupenyu kubva kumativi ose vakatanga Vakavanda, uye iye anowana zvimwe Uhar mushambadzi, rinotaura wayo democratic mavambo uye kunyange flaunts kushaya tsika, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva ndozvakajairwa iri repamusoro "yakanakisisa madenderedzwa." Asi iyewo anomirira Ranevskaya kuti pedyo naye sezvineiwo kucheneswa edza zvakare kutangazve zvavo zvinoyevedza uye enhetembo zvido uye zvavanosarudza. To nokungwarira kubata mubvunzo "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo, zvakakodzera kuenda kuti zvakawanda-Kunyatsoongorora basa.

patronage

Saka, chiratidzo ichi capitalist Chekhov zvechokwadi kwaibva chairo chokwadi. Zvino vazhinji vakapfuma kumugumo remakore vanhu vakaratidza kufarira kukuru, hanya uye rudo tsika. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kudaro guru-vanoitisana ose capitalists, sezvo mammoths, Zimin, Morozov, yaiva yose yemitambo. Kana kutora Tretyakov hama akavamba guta rakakurumbira Art Gallery, kana mwanakomana zvavatengesi Alekseeva, uyo zvimwe aizivikanwa tose pasi rekunyepedzera Stanislavsky. Nenzira, akaunza kwete chete chikuru okusika zvinogona ari yemitambo, asi upfumi yababa vake vose, yaiva yakawanda, zvakare.

Asi kana isu nezvazvo LOPAKHIN nayo mumwe capitalist kuitira, uye ndicho chikonzero haana kubudirira pakubata Varya. Pashure pezvose, hadzisi vaviri, ndiko - akanaka wokufananidzira mweya, iye - kare akapfuma, zvisingakoshi uye zuva nezuva hunhu. Nokuti iye, Varya, mwanasikana Ranevskaya kwakaita wokurera, razova, nhamo, iro prose upenyu.

Czechs

Kufunga zvikuru nyaya "The dambudziko Genre. "The Cherry Orchard": nomutambo kana mutambo, "zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Chekhov kunooneka yake yakawanda youpenyu hwake zvakaitika uye zviratidzo. Kutengeswa ichi wenhaka yake yaakaberekerwa Taganrog, uye kujairirana Kiselyov, uyo akazova kumumvuri ari gamba Gaeva, panzvimbo yake kuchamuka mhuri Babkino Chekhov kwemakore maviri anotevedzana, kubva 1885 kusvika 1887, aiva zororo muzhizha, yaitengeswa nokuda kwechikwereti.

Apo Chekhov akagara Kharkov norunyoro wemunda Lintvarevyh, akaona yakawanda kumhanya uye rikaparadzwa manors, izvozvo akamupa zvarongwa kutamba. Zviri ipapo kuti aida kuratidza zvimwe upenyu aimbova vagere yekare vanokudzwa panyika.

"The Cherry Orchard." Reviews

Basa iri basa "The Cherry Orchard" wakapiwa murwere zvakaoma chaizvo Chekhov akanyorera shamwari kuti inoshanda pamwe zvisingatsungiririki marwadzo uye anonyora misara mina rimwe zuva. About mutambo "The Cherry Orchard", iyewo anonyora M. P. Alekseevoy, haana akamuka mutambo uye mutambo, uye kunyange dzimwe nguva munhu farce. O. L. Knipper kuona kuti kutamba mafaro chaizvo uye isina basa inongoita. Asi K. S. Stanislavsky akauisa mumutambo upenyu Russian, uye akanyora kuti: ". Uku hakusi mutambo, dambudziko ... ndichichema somukadzi"

Zvino, shure kumubvunzo "The Cherry Orchard" - mutambo, mutambo kana nhamo, ndinofanira kutaura kuti Chekhov iri kuratidzwa kwe kutamba pazuva raakaberekwa January 17, 1904, zvaiita kuti yemitambo Hakuzi kuti inzwi, hazvina nemisodzi mutambo uye basa Lopuchin uye Wari zvavo, vanofanira kuva enyambo. Asi Stanislavsky uye Nemirovich-Danchenko, kurumbidza kutamba yakakwirira zvikuru, uchiri vachinzwisisa zvakawanda somunhu mumutambo. Paiva vatsoropodzi aionekwa ndiani ari tragicomedy. Asi AI Revyakin yake pakudzokorora akanyora kuti kana tikaziva kuti kutamba mutambo, tinofanira kuziva zvakaitika zvose varidzi uye Ranevskayas Gaeva kunoshamisa zvechokwadi, zvichikonzera tsitsi uye rakadzika tsitsi kuvanhu vasina kutarisa kare uye munguva yemberi. Asi ichi hachisi uye haagoni kuva. Saka, mutambo haigoni kubatwa somunhu tragicomedy, nekuti chinangwa ichi isina hapana tragicomic mamiriro ezvinhu kana vatambi.

kusawirirana

The gakava pamusoro Genre - "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo, vachiri usaregedza. Uyezve, kuwanda kwaita rakawedzera kuti denderedzwa lyrical mutambo kana tragicomedy. Naizvozvo tine mhinduro yakajeka kuti mubvunzo kuti anenge akasika involuntary nzira Chekhov: "The Cherry Orchard" - nomutambo kana mutambo, "kwakaoma zvisingaiti.

Uye kamwe zvakare, kureva tsamba yaakanyora Classic guru Russian mabhuku uye munyori wemitambo A. P. Chehov, tinowana inotevera mitsetse, anorondedzera mafungiro ake vechokwadi kuupenyu, iyo inoti kuti zhizha kuuya chando pashure zvirokwazvo, pashure youth anouya kukwegura, mufaro uye kusafara, zvakare, kubvira nguva nenguva uye ichatsiva mumwe, uye munhu haagoni kuva vatano uye kufara nguva dzose, nokuti nguva dzose zvichaita vanovandira kukundikana, kurasikirwa, uye kuti vangazvidzivirira parufu, haazombofi kukwanisa, kunyange kana iye ne Macedon m. Muupenyu, zvisinei kuti zviso uye anotambudzika, iwe kunge takagadzirira chinhu uye kunzwisisa zviri kuitika, sezvo hakudzivisiki uye zvakakodzera. "Imi chete vanofanira kuita nepose ravo -. Uye hapana mumwe" In basa rake "The Cherry Orchard" pfungwa yose izvi mukuwirirana manzwiro kuti anounza.

mhedziso

Chekhov anotirayira kuti ingano ane zita raro nokuti anotsanangura upenyu sezvazviri. Uye iye ane chinangwa - kuendesa chokwadi uye kutendeseka. Izvi ndizvo sei unogona kupedza kukurukurwa "The Cherry Orchard" - dambudziko, mutambo kana Comedy. Rondedzero panyaya nomumwe anogona kunyora yavo, nokuti zvikuru kwazvo uye kunoda kufunga zvakasiyana pfungwa maonero.