The Hurumende uye guta guru reRepublic of Altai. History, nokuona uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Russia - vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende, kumatunhu iyo akapa nendima, nemamwe panyaya mutsika, hunhu, uye munzira dzakawanda - iri zvatinoita ruremekedzo uye rugare coexistence dzakasiyana marudzi. Pakati pevaya - Respublika Altay. Ndezvipi chinozikamwa zvokukura nhoroondo nharaunda? Chii hwaro upfumi hwayo? Ndezvipi zvainyanya tsika kuvandudzika Altai nhasi?

Funga kuti pakutanga sechivako mamiriro simba of Republic. Ko zvakasiyana pfungwa kubva mienzaniso kushanda nedzimwe nharaunda Russian?

Respublika Altay: simba hurongwa

Hurumende Zimbabwe Altai - pamwe nhete dudziro rokuti - mumwe mitumbi kuti vanoumba hurongwa hurumende Federation yacho. Mukutonga Constitution, vaiona enyika Unit, akashandiswa izvo kazhinji rakafanana runoenzanirana zvokudya chikuru mutemo Russian Federation, kiyi eHurumende vari kushanda gadziriro kuparadzana zvemitemo, Executive nezvakatongwa mapazi.

Kana isu kududzira kudzidza izwi hachifanani simba, uye mune zvimwewo mupfungwa, kuti ndiyo. E. Sezvo enyika utariri gadziriro, zviri pamwe kucherechedza kuti hurumende iri Altai Republic rinorongwa achiita zvaidiwa nheyo Nekugovera mamwe masimba kuti Federation sangano pamwero kuti matunhu neminisiparati. Kungofanana dzakawanda dzimwe kumatunhu Russia.

The soro mukuru enyika nemamiriro remunharaunda yaitonga - musoro Altai Republic. Ari kusarudzwa zvakananga achipokana vemo. Panguva iyoyowo musoro wehurumende (sezvo varikutonga simba). Inoitwa shumiro dzakasiyana reRepublic of Altai. Mukuru zvemitemo muviri ndiyo nyaya Federation - yacho Assembly State. Mumutauro zvemo vanhu Republic Altai, unonakidza kufanana El Kurultai. Kana Hurumende ichi kuzvidavirira kuna Assembly State. Supreme Court of Zimbabwe Altai - chemhando dare rechitatu bazi rehurumende.

Administrative enyika uye chairema Zimbabwe

Administrative enyika uye mamiriro dunhu 10 aumbwa munzvimbo, chimwe nechimwe rakakamurwa makanzuru, uye guta guru Altai. gadziriro iyi sangano simba zvikuru zvakafanana utariri mienzaniso rakatangwa muna mamwe National chinoda of Russian Federation. nyaya guru - guta Gorno-Altaisk.

Imwe neimwe makanzuru kuti vanoumba yaiona uye enyika chairema reRepublic, ine Charter kwayo, izvo compulsorily vakanyorwa maererano Hurumende. MO zvitsauko vanosarudzwa nevanhu zvakananga vhoti. charters Most zvinosanganisira zvokudya MO, izvo inotungamirirwa musoro Bazi Defence ndiyewo Executive nesimba miganhu chikwata. Zvisinei, kuti musiyano wezvinyorwa umo kiyi enyika mufananidzo Municipality kungava mitemo musoro-mumiririri marongerwo. Somuenzaniso, panyaya Shebalinsky munhu akagara nzvimbo musoro Defence Ushumiri, ndiyewo sachigaro Board vevatariri. Musoro Ust-Koksinsky dzoruwa, akavapindurawo, kunotungamirira kwete chete kune runoenzanirana muviri mumiririri, asiwo kwokubatsira ari Municipality. A yakafanana womuenzaniso chinonzi muna Republic Chemal nharaunda.

Saka, nemamiriro enyika simba nyaya Federation seboka zvakafanana muenzaniso wokurera mune dzimwe nharaunda Russian. Saka, kuongorora yayo huru, isu mberi kuti adzidze National uye nemagariro zvechadenga Republic, izvo zvinozoita riri muzvinhu zvakawanda akasiyana.

National sezvamunoita

Rinonyanya nemakambani kumatunhu Russia - Respublika Altay. Language zvemo nyanzvi dzemitauro anoreva Turkic boka. Iye, pamwe chete Russian, - mumwe maviri mukuru Federation. In Zimbabwe Altai vanhu - vanenge 31% vemo. Ruzhinji, vanenge 60% vane Russian. Kuti munhu chikamu Kazakh vanhu - vanenge 6%. Uyezve, vakawanda vemadzinza Ukrainians uye vokuGermany vaigara panyika ino.

Altai - zvemo vanhu Republic

History of Zimbabwe Altai Zvinofadza zvikurukuru pfungwa nemaonero kukura zvemo dzinza. The chikuru nzendo ethnogenesis of Altai, uyewo zvavo magariro kutaurirana nevamwe vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, Altai - ndicho seboka zita namarudzi vanoverengeka kutaura Turkic mitauro. The Kudeuka nyika - iri Teleuts, Tubalars, Urynkhay, Shor, Telengits uye boka redzinza akadana kufanana wenyaya Republic - Altai, asi akasiyana nevamwe chokuita nayo. Kune Sub-madzinza anodarika zana, rinonzi Seok. Kuva naye akatsunga, sezvo mutemo, mhuri yevanhu muti. Altai akakurukura tumitauro siyana. Mutauro zvemo dzinza of Republic runobva kuna Kyrgyz-kypchayskoy subgroup pamusoro Turkic tumitauro.

Rakatanga Altai

Ethnogenesis Altaians dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yacho. Northern vemunyika vanogara zvokuvhoterwa, paiva madzinza vaaisangana Samoyed, Ugric, Turkic, uye Kết mavambo. Zvizvarwa izvi emadzinza vanoonekwa Tubalars. Uyewo, zasi akanga kudyidzana pakati Turkic uye Mongol namarudzi. Saka pakanga Somuenzaniso, uye Telengits Teleuts. Nokuti kuti Altai vanhu kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba vane zvakasiyana mavambo, uye nokuda kushaya makuru chokufambisa yenzira yakawiriranwa nzira haisi vachishingaira vaaisangana kwenguva pakati pavo akaramba Misiyano iri mitauro, tsika nemagariro zvinhu. Munguva Soviet paiva anyatsoona nenzvimbo yacho dzinza.

Zvisinei, sezvataurwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, vakawanda Altai zvikurukuru vazivikanwe pachavo kwete chete sevagari nedunhu uye titular rudzi, asi sevanhu imwe dzinza, rudzi kana seok. Chechipiri, maererano ethnographers, inokosha chokuratidza - mutauro, uyewo mhuri uye zvechitendero tsika, yemadzitateguru nyika. Uyewo, vatsvakurudzi cherechedza, nokuti Altai inokosha nenzvimbo chinhu, t. E. Nzvimbo dzokugara imwe cho evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza naye.

Contemporary tsika zvemo vanhu

Kushingaira kunyanya urongwa, kuratidza kukura kwechinhu chete zvitupa Altai vanhu vakasiyana kuvabereki mavambo, zvakatanga kuitika muna 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Chaizvoizvo, muitiro uyu, sezvo vamwe vaongorori vanodavira, dzinongoita akafanosarudza chokwadi chiziviso muna 1991 nezviremera zvenyika nyaya wehurumende uchangamire pamuganhu, izvo rinoenderana ano Republic of Mountains Altai. Ini yakagamuchira mamiriro mutauro ravaIndia ethnos. Rakanga legislated mazororo enyika, akadai Somuenzaniso, Independence Day, musi July 3 kana chevarwere mutambo E-Oiyn. dare revakuru yemadzinza, kana zaisans - Panguva acho, kuratidza kukura munyika kuziva Altai, mumwe kiyi nhoroondo evanhu masangano vevanhu rukaporeswa. Zvino basa ravo mumagakava kukura of Republic yavose sezvavakatarirwa sezvo zvikuru, supplementing mukuru simba mamiriro.

Kwete mudukusa kukura Altai dzinza yepasisa yokutama kwendangariro. In siyana zvenhoroondo nguva dza vanhu nharaunda vakanga kutamira pakati pemakomo uye bani. Kana makore kukura Soviet, maererano nedzimwe vatsvakurudzi, zvemo marudzi aigona gravitate vatame kumakomo, asi ikozvino ethnos anotanga kunzwisisa pachavo sechikamu veruzhinji, kugara mumaguta iri pamapani. A rinokosha munzvimbo iyi chinoita guta guru reRepublic - zvikurukuru nokuti, pashure dambudziko nguva 90 pano akaramba zvakawanda kana zvishoma kukosha, kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, ari kwezvivako zvinhu.

Altai uye Russian

Nhoroondo Altai Republic Zvinoshamisawo mune zvatinoita nekuita pakati zvemo uye Russian avanhu. Both madzinza pamwe munzvimbo nevakawanda munharaunda, dzinozivikanwa kutsigira norugare ukama. The upenyu nemagariro reRepublic of zvakazara sezvo National hunhu mabasa, uye mitambo Russian. Vamwe mitambo yakasiyana vanhu vane tsika sungano pedyo. Somuenzaniso, imwe nyika zororo Dyylgayak chaizvo akafanana Russian Maslenitsa.

Sezvo vaongorori cherechedza, kushingaira pamwe chete Russian Altai vanhu vakatanga muzana remakore rechi17. Panyaya iyi, pamusoro pezana remakore rechi18 yakakura chikamu mundima Republic ano yaiva chikamu Jungar khanate, kuti izvo Russian Empire, ukama haana ushamwari chaizvo. ezvinhu ichi chakanga, sezvo dzekare tenda, chinokosha chipingamupinyi zvimwe nevanhu Russian zvizvarwa madzinza yacho. Zvisinei, Altai akagara asina kupfuura zvakanaka mumagariro uye enyika ezvinhu. Vakanga akapoteredzwa nemadzinza vakawanda utsinye Mongolian uye Chinese. Somugumisiro, mashoko Altai Zaisan - apo chinzvimbo yavo National vomunharaunda yakanga pedyo kuitwa nokugarwa nevatongi Russian - Mambo akabvunza pamusoro citizenship. Saka, 2 May, 1756, ari Altai nharaunda yakava chikamu Russian Empire. Kubvira mukupera remakore rechi18, zvizvarwa madzinza nharaunda yacho vava kunyanya kutaura vomunyika Russian. Vagari European chikamu Empire, kutamira kundima itsva, mwoyo, maererano vaongorori, tarisiro kukura munyika arable. Pamwe chete kugara vakasvika vapristi Altai Russian Orthodox vakanga vaiita basa roumishinari.

Mumwe muenzaniso kubatana wokuRussia uye zvemo vanhu nharaunda anogona kunzi sezvo rwenyika reRepublic of Altai. Iye rakasiyana nemamwe mukuti ngachipiwe mushanduro miviri - national mutauro uye muna Russian. Zvisinei, ndima yechipiri makanyorwa chete Altai. Pamutemo, iri anthem Zimbabwe Altai rakazoshandiswa tichishandisa yapfuura, muna 2001. rwiyo urwu nyika, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira, zvikurukuru anoratidza kukosha uye kuchinja emakore ushamwari pakati pemarudzi maviri kwavo rugare nokuwirirana ushamwari co-kuvapo, uyewo tarisiro pakuzadzisa of Altai Republic muna socio-enyika uye tsika mazwi.

guta

Chii inonakidza pamusoro guru Altai Republic? Funga zvinokosha. Gorno-Altaisk iri kuchamhembe-kumadokero Republic, pamusoro munharaunda Municipality Mayminsky District. yevanhu veguta - vanopfuura zviuru 61 vanhu .. Nhoroondo pamutemo pakati Gorno-Altaisk, sezvo vamwe vaongorori vanodavira, rinoitwa kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Panguva iyoyo, remangwana nzvimbo guru raiva duku kugarwa yakavambwa imwe nharaunda yacho zvemo madzinza, Teleuts. Zvisinei, vanochera matongo ndikazvisimbisa mashoko kuti Gorno-Altaisk nharaunda vanhu vakararama kubva munguva dzekare.

Nokushingaira dzinotibatsira guru remangwana Altai Republic aiva 20-ies remakore rechi19. Zvikurukuru, muna 1824 pano vakatanga kutama nyika kubva Biysk. Vakanga nheyo musha, ane zita riri pamusoro imwe mitauro unorira Ulala. Yakava chikamu Biysk County Tomsk province. Rural kukura, maererano dzekare, zvakanga kunyanya nokuda mabasa Altai Mission Spiritual. In posleduschego emakore Ulala vatengesi akatanga kufamba, ipapo guta rakava rinokosha wokutengesera Bijskogo County.

Muna 1917 paiva chimurenga, uye vokuSoviet vakauya simba. Rakanga yakasarudza kuumba munzvimbo musha raiva Ulala, Biisk nevamwe vanoverengeka riri munharaunda, nemisha hwevanhu, uyewo Oirot zvionera Region. Muna 1922, Ulala akava ayo muzinda, uye muna 1928 muguta chakabvumwa guta mamiriro. Muna 1932 zvakanzi kunzi Oirot Tour. Muna 1948 Oirot zvionera nharaunda, kwakasarudzwa kuti rename ari Gorno-Altaisk. It akashandura zita rayo uye riri guru. Sezvo anonzi Gorno-Altaisk.

Gorno-Altaisk: upfumi

Funga, sezvo guta guru Altai Republic rinorongwa nemashoko zvoupfumi. MuSoviet nguva, Gorno-Altaisk rakava simba maindasitiri muzinda. It chaimbova zvebhizimisi Mazinga akasiyana chaizvo - kuvakwa, muchina-building, simbi, zvokudya, kudhinda. Vakavhiyiwa fenicha uye Whitehead Textile mafekitari. Zvisinei, pashure pokuwa USSR unorema pagadzirwe rakavharwa. Mumwe vashoma vasara avo zvino vari kutamba basa rakakura upfumi muguta racho uye zvikuru kupesvedzera kukura Altai Republic - kongiri zvigadzirwa chirimwa.

Zvino nezvemabatiro bhizimisi iri zvoupfumi yeguta anoiswa pamusoro ushanyi indasitiri. Republic of Altai tsika kwakabvira kare, chokwadi, iwo richibatanidza vakawanda dzomunyika. Izvi zvinoita kuti nharaunda anokwezva rwendo mumunda ethno-ushanyi. Pane chinoshingaira kukura rakakodzera kwezvivako zvaidikanwa sangano kuzvivaraidza mabasa. Vakai hotels, maresitorendi, kugwinya nzvimbo rakashama.

ushanyi

Mumwe kiyi vanovengwa guta - turakiti Elanda, iri kure Gorno-Altaisk. Pane akasikwa hombe kutandara nzvimbo. Pane urongwa kuvaka the dzisina, dziri kwezvivako nokuda Equestrian Sports, akasiyana mitambo chando mhando. Kuita chokuita Kushandurwa nharaunda kupinda tourist centre, muri kare inobereka nezvibereko. Pane uchapupu Somuenzaniso, kuti kubvira 2010 kwave vachiwana kuwedzera nzvimbo chokubuda. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvoupfumi umo asi anoramba Russia, Respublika Altay anokwanisa chaizvo kutanga kukwezva vashanyi vakanga vakajaira anodhura muchando plesieroorde dzimwe nharaunda Russian uye dzimwe nyika.

Altai - yakasiyana nzvimbo, uye maererano jogirafi uye tichitaura emakore kukura uye interpenetration zvitendero, tsika uye omunyika tsika. Vanhu Vakawanda akashanyira pano, cherechedza ukama hunokosha ravaIndia vanhu vane hunhu - uye pfungwa iyi maererano munyika Altaians sezvineiwo vanokwanisa kupfuura vamwe, pamwe nawo madzinza, kusanganisira vaenzi. Republic of Mountains Altai, pasinei chinokosha mwero kwemaindasitiri iri nguva Soviet, ane nzvimbo huru dzisina Inoziva munhu. Ikoko, muna yakachena, mumwe mugari yazvino Metropolis Russian ndiko kukanganwa pamusoro kudzvanya nyaya, kuregawo kubva mune chipatapata guta uye kumhanya-mhanya. Uyai kuna Mountain Altai!