The inosuruvarisa njodzi "Britannica". Ngarava "Britannica": mapikicha, miganhu, nhoroondo

Kubvira vanhu hwakavaka chikepe chake chokutanga uye kwaiva kukunda mumakungwa uye nyanza, zvakatora emakore akawanda. nguva yose iyi, vanhu aiperekedza kwaparara. Nokufamba kwenguva, kukura zvikepe yakawedzera sezvo nhamba yevanhu vari netsaona.

All zvinyorwa yokuputsikirwa nengarava akaputsa remakore rechi20, apo zvaizoita sokuti, kare vakadzidza kuvaka yakavimbika uye simba zvikepe, sevatsvaki vemapuranga uye zvikepe, kwete chete akaisa kune dziine yemapuranga pangarava. Liner "Britannica" - mumwe vakaurayiwa kwaparara.

Nyaya zvikepe nhatu, hama

Mhanyisa kumhanya upenyu pakutanga remakore rechi20, wakakumbira anokurumidza kufamba mu nzvimbo pane zvakanga kare. Kukurumidza kutanga kutengeserana pakati penyika uye vanobudisa kuenda kumwe kuUnited States kubva Europe uye dzimwe nyika akaita kudiwa mukuru-simba uye yakakwirira-nokukurumidza transatlantic ngarava.

Muna 1902, zvakanga vatanga "Lusitania" chirongwa, umo America 2 kumboitika Ukuru nokukurumidza chikepe zvakasikwa. Sister ngarava "Lusitania" uye "Mauritania" akatora pamusoro transatlantic chokufambisa, akaisa iyo kubudirira British mushambadzi rengarava mungozi.

Achipindura zvakaoma kuti US ari shipyards 'Harland uye Wolff' muna Belfast oenda, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka 3 airliner, mukuru pakukwanisa kwayo uye rakavimbika US. Mutengi yazova rimwe vatungamiriri "White Star Line" kutumirwa kambani.

Saka muna 1907 akatanga chirongwa of British Admiralty, zvokuti chiedza vakaona chidzoke vatatu zvikepe-hama - "Olympic", "Titanic" uye "Britannica". Ship mutakurwi somunhu chikamu midziyo, nokudaro kushandurwa, akava nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura huripo panguva yehondo battleships, nemhaka midziyo pamwe noungwaru zvigadzirwa.

Features "Britannica"

Chii dzinonakidza pachinhu nezvikepe matatu chete mhando mapatya boka British, ndechokuti anotevedzana mumwe chikepe yakavakwa pamusoro zvapfuura nezvikanganiso, asi zvakanaka mugumo akanga achiri mudziyo wokutanga - "Olympic". Kusiyana "nevanun'una" dzavo, kupfuura 500 nguva akayambuka Atlantic, ukuwo "Titanic" kwaingova 1 kutiza, ukuwo "Britannica" - 5.

Pashure pokufa "Titanic" Vavaki vengarava vakatora kufunga zvose zvinokanganiswa zvakazoita kuti kuwa mudziyo ichi, paivakwa "Britannica". The chikepe pachena kwazvo zvakafanana "hama" dzake, asi akaratidza kuti zvikuru simba uye kwakakwana. Akanga nani zvikepe, uye masvingo pakati bulkheads vaifanira kudzivirira mafashamo muchikepe iri chiitiko petsaona. umboo ichi chaiva zvinokosha kushandisa "Britannica". Ngarava 17 akaita risingapindi mvura partitions, zvichiita unsinkable 6 rakazaruka kana achizadza mvura nezvikamu.

Zvakanzi zvekare dzakachinja zvechadenga chikepe achipfeka. Shandurudzo pamusoro davits uye dzishandise kwete chete kumativi, asiwo shure, kubvumira vanhu kutizira chero kubhengi liner.

Mudziyo nokurondedzerwa:

• Hull kureba - 269 M;
• rakafara - vanopfuura 28 M;
• kukwirira kubva waterline kusvika chikepe uriri raiva 18.4 M;
• nokuti mudzimu injini 29 kushandiswa chiutsi boilers nokuda maviri mana humburumbira chiutsi michini, chokuita dzokunze screws (16 000 zvapano ..);
• zvachose simba injini iri 50 000 l. p.;
• mudziyo nokukurumidza yakanga kusvika 25 nokusunungura mapfundo.

Muna February 1914, zvakanga kwakatangwa pamusoro "Britannic". Ngarava, mufananidzo raiva mapepa dzose yakarohwa zvayo ukuru uye ukuru.

nezvekutanga

Day yaFebruary 26, 1914 aiva Watershed, "Harland uye Wolff" (Belfast oenda) vashandi shipyard kuvakwa. chikepe dzinza kwakaitika pasina zvatinosiita Putsa Champagne bhodhoro pamusoro puranga, sezvo tsika yakadaro haana pachivanze.

Nokuti nguva kukura "Britannica" uye ayo midziyo akanga asina kuenzana - zvinogona anobvumawo 790 vatakurwi 1 kirasi, wechipiri - 835, wechitatu - 950 nhengo vashandi vaivawo vazhinji - 950 vanhu.

zvirongwa zvose ukama panguva chokufambisa kambani varidzi ane transatlantic rwendo, vakanga vatyora muna August 1914. Nokutambudzika World War First agadzirira "Britannica" njodzi zvinoyangarara muchipatara. On bhodhi vakaiswa 437 Nhengo vanachiremba mudonzvo, vanhu 675 kubva nevashandi vomungarava uye varwere kukuvara 3.300.

Perestroika "Britannica" iri muchipatara

Kuti uchatamisa mumwe mufambi airliner muchipatara muboka, zvakatora vashoma kuchinja chitarisiko uye richienda "Britannica". Ngarava yakanga "yakashongedzwa" munyoro mutsetse matanhatu tsvuku michinjikwa - nevamwe zviratidzo kuti rugare Hospital, kwete mudziyo rechiuto.

Internal alterations vaiva zvikuru. The cabins vakanga vatendeuka kupinda anodawo dzemitambo, mawadhi akakuvadzwa pamwe zvakakomba uye dhomitari yevashandi. Kwezvatiri mungarava muna 2034 uye 1035 nyore Kumbofungatira mibhedha. Promenade uriri akarega kuDhipatimendi kuti masoja pamwe kukuvara vaduku.

Mukuru mutsva mudziyo waiva Charles A. Bartlett.

rwendo First "Britannica"

Nhoroondo "Britannica" sezvo Naval Hospital akatanga 23.12.1915 gore kana rikabuda kuLiverpool, vakagadzirira atore varwi vakakuvadzwa, ndokunanga Naples uye rechiGiriki chengarava Moudros pachitsuwa Lemnos.

Pamwe chete nemamwe liners maviri refitted - "Aquitania" uye "Mauritania", iye cruised ari pakati Dardanelles.

Captain "Britannica" wakatangwa vaitofanira hurumende kuti kuteerera kwete chete tsvimbo, asi varwere:

• 6,00 simuka kuchenesa pamubhedha +;
• zvemangwanani pa 7:30, ichiteverwa rokuchenesa dzokudyira;
• YaKaputeni rwokuparidza pa 11.00;
• zvemasikati pa 12:30 pamwe pakuchenesa yokudyira;
• the 16.30;
• Dinner pa 20.30;
• pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda mukuru pa 21:00.

Strict kuranga vakwanise kuramba kuchipatara kuitira. Yaifanira kuenda Naples unofanira wedzera ngarava kuti December 28, 1915 uye akaita "Britannic". Ngarava, inova pikicha ari achinyepera itsva zvakanga akazivikanwa nzvimbo kuti reMediterranean, richisvika zimbe uye mvura uye akaenda Moudros, kwaakanotanga vaitarisira vakakuvadzwa.

Loading yakatora 4 Mazuva uye 9.1.1916, ngarava iri achiwana varwere vari Southampton. Kuita 2 mamwe "salable" varwi vakuvara, "Britannic" vakadzokera yezvokutengeserana rengarava nokuda mumwe takanga tisisanakidzwi muMediterranean.

Kudzoka "Britannica" kuti hondo

Muna September 1916, muMediterranean kamwe zvakare yakatowedzera nemauto akavhiyiwa kuti waida kuvapo ngarava hombe kuti ekisipoti akakuvara muhondo.

German U-zvikepe kukunaya idzodzo mumvura, kuparadza muvengi musungo panhengo ichifamba mumigodhi yakamanikana chikamu kweGungwa reMediterranean. On the Nzira kumutungamiriri mujinga pana Lemnos chingashamwaridzana zvikepe kazhinji kuwira mumisungo izvi.

November 21, 1916 ari panjodzi pakati pazvitsuwa Kea uye Kythnos yakadonha "Britannica", kana iye akamhanyira rimwe pasi pemvura zvangu. Kuputika kwakaitika pane maawa 8, 7 maminitsi, mangwanani, apo chikamu varwere uye mudonzvo vachiri yokudyira pakudya kwemangwanani.

miniti Last "Britannica"

Mukuru vakafunga mamiriro ezvinhu uye akasarudza kuti aizokwanisa kuunza chikepe pamahombekombe pedyo uye kumhanya hedu. rinoshamisa ichi chete akasimbisa kunyura, sezvo partition masvingo pakati nezvikamu ichazarurwa.

nengarava Zvapupu vakakwanisa kutsanangura kuti unonyura "Britannic". Two kuputika - wokutanga kubva kurudyi, uye pashure kwemaminitsi mashomanana wechipiri kubva kuruboshwe, ngarava heeled. nokukurumidza mvura yakatanga kuzadza akabata uye cabins, izvo akazarurwa kuti fefetedza kuti musha portholes.

The kubvisa akanga akatakurwa ari zvikepe yakarongeka, sezvo zvose rangarira, kuti akaita unozvidzinga vatakurwi kuti "Titanic." The lifeboats maviri okutanga akatura mumvura kudzokera murayiro uyu mumwe, rakanga riri ipapo kuvanhu nekumuka kubva pasi mumvura, asi achiri kushanda "Britannica" screws.

Mushure maminitsi 55, muchikepe mhino akarova pasi, uye kubva kurova chikepe ainetseka pose paaingofunga uye rakapidiguka. Nemhaka chirango zvakajeka kutungamirira mukuru uye vabatsiri vake kubva vateereri mungarava 1066 mubhazi akauraya vanhu 30.

Cousteau rwendo

Rufu "Britannica" wakadenha vazhinji makuhwa uye kupomerwa. Vamwe vakati British Hurumende pachayo zvikazara mudziyo, dzimwe mhosva iri torpedoes vanogumurwa kubva yepasi pemvura German pamusoro chipatara unarmed.

Created somunhu transatlantic mutakurwi liner, "Britannic" haana kuita chinhu kufamba vachiyambuka Atlantic, uye hamubviswi imwe mutakurwi. Akaburuka munhau sezvo kupfuura chikepe kutora chikamu mune World War First.

Kubata chokwadi chokuti kwakadzika chikepe, akauya "Calypso" Gungwa reAegean mungarava muna 1975, boka rinotungamirirwa yakakurumbira Jacques-Iva Kusto. Pachishandiswa mashoko anopiwa muBritish Admiralty machati, chikwata haana kuwana chikepe uye akatanga kutsvaka achishandisa radar. Mushure mamazuva matatu kutsvaka vashandi kuti "Calypso" awana nzvimbo pokufa liner zvachose pasi dzimwe Coordinates.

Vavariro Cousteau rwendo kwaiva kuziva zvinokonzera kwokuputsika uye rondedzero kuti vakanyura "Britannic". Pazasi vaongorori vakawana vanenge chikepe Hull, yaiva pachena zvinoonekwa chete zororo rimwe kurova yepamhino pasi. Zvidzidzo More chakakomba havana kuitwa nokuda shoma Hardware nguva. Waiva kamwe-pamusoro, naro nechemberi peji vose mapepanhau akanga norutivi rwake rworudyi, "Britannic". Photo pasi zvakare chamuita kuti makuhwa zhinji, ikapiwa kuti chikepe akaoneka anenge 7 nautical nemakiromita kure panzvimbo inoratidza kadhi.

Kuwanikwa chokwadi

Muna 2003, pakundopambara dzakarukwa akasarudza kuedza mashoko Hurumende German kuti "Britannic" yakarova chimbambaira. Vakawana munda wangu, uye kunyange zvakasara projectile, izvo vasanyanya ngarava. Vakaramba pamusoro cheni, midzi kusvikira pasi.

The Diving midziyo ano kubvumirwa kupinda muchikepe uye tarisa zviri Nguva kuputika zvose risingapindi mvura bulkheads akazarurwa, zvichiratidza kuti munhu wacho kuregeredza.