The International Court of Human Rights. International Court of Justice. International kuyananisa dare

Just emakore mashoma apfuura, nzira huru kugadzirisa kurwisana dzakawanda uye dzimwe nyaya dzaiva nezvibvumirano uye hondo. Uyezve, nzira yechipiri rinoshandiswa kakawanda kupfuura kutanga, nokuti kuti rubatsiro kwayo zvaibvira kubudirira kunoguma zvikuru kana kukunda. Asi sezvo kukura munzanga vakashanduka tsika yaro zviri pamutemo. Zvakava pachena kuti hondo zvinokuvadza kuna vose akundwa uye Vakundi. Nokudaro, boka akatanga kutsvaka hwomutambarakede nzira hwokugadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda. Great zvakasimbisa mafungiro akadaro ndiye chidzoke nezvevamwe pamutemo maindasitiri, izvo yacho. ukama pakati nyaya mamiriro States.

mutemo International dzinongoita vakabatsira kutanga nzira nhaurirano pakati nyika, pamwe munhu aigona kugadzirisa chero dambudziko. Kuti vabudirire Implementation pakati dzakawanda mumatare dzemunharaunda, hwatakatanga chaiyo masangano kuti vakagamuchira chinzvimbo dzamavanze. Pari, matare vakavhomora yokuwanda vanotongwa zvose paruzhinji uye pasiri mutemo kwakadaro. Munyaya ino tichashandisa kutsanangura uye zvinoratidza chikuru chokuita matare kwakasiyana-siyana munyika yose.

Pfungwa Matare dzakawanda

Nokuti chero munhuwo mugari dzinenge nguva dzose inoramba mubvunzo chakavanzika chii international dare. Pasinei chinzvimbo uye nenzira dzakawanda dare pane imwe pamutemo mutemo nezvebasa miviri kwakadaro. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti chero dzakawanda dare - migumisiro chaiyo chibvumirano akagumisa pakati States. Akapiwa ichi nezvimwe zvinhu, unogona kusarudza imwe pfungwa. Saka, international dare - muviri akasika kungobva zvimwe dzakawanda chibvumirano kugadzirisa uye kubata kusawirirana pakati inoti dzakasiyana hunhu uye mune zvimwe zviitiko vanhu. Nhasi kune zvakasiyana matare mazhinji, mumwe nomumwe riri basa imwe kwemauto mutemo dzakawanda. Pepa zvichakurukurwa kune vakawanda vakakurumbira vavo.

The pamutemo zvisarudzo Matare dzakawanda

Pane mibvunzo yakawanda sei kushandisa mutemo matare dzakawanda. Chinetso ndechokuti hapana chete mashandiro naro zvinogadzirisa dzaitaurwa munyaya, zviremera anoshandiswa panguva senyika mune dzimwe nyika. Pfungwa mutemo dzakawanda yakatanga pfungwa, iyo inotaura kuti chisarudzo international dare iri rakatangwa mukati kuumbwa kuti chibvumirano, somugumisiro iyo akasikwa. Akapiwa specificity masangano aya akapa pfungwa iri zvikuru musoro. Saka, mamiriro remarudzi dare chero dzidziso iri nokudzorwa dzakananga dzakawanda chibvumirano pakati zvimwe anoti.

International Court of Justice

Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye zvechokwadi zvinokosha miviri mumunda mutemo kukakavadzana remarudzi ndiyo Court of Justice. dare iri yakatangwa zvinoenderana United Nations Charter muna 1945. The nhengo mumwe matanhatu masangano ari Organization core. Maererano Charter, izvozvo inodzora dzakawanda pamutemo nharo maererano nenheyo nokururamisira uye kunetsana nokugadziriswa nenzira murunyararo. International Court of Justice chaienderana chikuru nokuda Second World War, kana vanhu vakaziva zvizere kutya kurwisana uku. mabasa ayo dzinotungamirirwa munhu pamutemo gwaro sangano unoparadzanisa. Pari, murau United Nations International Court of Justice akadaro.

Status Court Justice uye zvinotisimbisa mutemo kuti anoshanda kwavari

The pamutemo pakati pechivanze vanotoda kutsigirwa neUnited Nations normative magwaro. Kazhinji, nhengo dzayo dziri chikamu-nguva nhengo International Court of Justice. Akatanga muviri ichi pahwaro mamiriro Kusangano. Mabasa ayo muChivanze Justice anoshandisa chinokosha nhamba anopa mutemo dzakawanda. Maererano Article 38 Mutemi, nokuti mhinduro vamwe kukakavadzana pamutemo anotevera pamutemo mabhuku anoshandiswa:

• Kokorodzano, remarudzi chibvumirano ane pamutemo hunhu;
• dzakawanda pamutemo tsika ;
• huripo mutemo kuti zviripo zvose zviri pamutemo hurongwa;
• Zvisarudzo nomunhu nenyanzvi uyewo aizivikanwa zvikuru dzidziso dzakawanda nomutemo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dare anogona kuisa yayo sarudzo nhungamiro nokururamisira, kwete vakaomerwa pachavo kuti formalize mitemo mutemo dzakawanda.

utongi

International Court of Justice achava utongi chete kune nyaya dzakarega achitaura kubvumirana kuti vakaedza panguva iyi. Kazhinji, UN nhengo rinoti pane dzakawanda nzira inokosha iyo vanogona kuratidza chido chavo kuti ndiitewo paitongwa vachitungamirirwa munyika dare. Pakati nzira dzakadaro dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Agreement tsika chaiyo (mapato nenharo pachavo pamusoro kuchinjwa kwake International Court of Justice).
2. Mune dzimwe zvibvumirano, pane nyaya kuti pakutanga anoita Mapato kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwavo zvose nedzimwe States muna International Court of Justice.
3. Dzimwe nguva nhengo State anoziva wenharaunda yaitongwa mudare pachayo akasungwa ari yaitsigira divi kuzivisa.

Pahwaro mamiriro ezvinhu enyika International Court of Justice anoita mabasa ayo mubishi kugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati pemarudzi.

The International Court of Human Rights

In dzakawanda yakabudirira nyika ndiyo panozogadzirika kukosha modernity, kupfuura zvose, vanhu. Saka, kodzero yake uye dzerusununguko vanodzivirirwa dzinoverengeka zvemitemo mabasa, zvose National uye dzakawanda mumatare enyika.

Asi kunyange kukura pamutemo tsika vepasi kazhinji kodzero dzevanhu dziri kutyorwa. With ichi akaipa chinhu kuedza kurwa, asi ave kuenda kudare dzimwe nguva. Huru muviri munharaunda iri International Court of Human Rights. Zita rokuremekedza iri harisi chaizvo kwakarurama, nokuti muviri ane zita siyanei - kureva, European Court of Human Rights, yakavambwa muna 1953. Implementation pakati mitemo dare rinoitwa chete noruremekedzo kuti nhengo kunyika Chibvumirano Protection of Human Rights uye Norusununguko Runokosha.

The peEuropean Court of Human Rights

European Court of Human Rights haisi yepamusoro instantsionnym muviri kupfuura yose nezvakatongwa ezvinhu ane State. Zvisinei, kana tiri kutora somuenzaniso, Russian Federation, inova nhengo European Convention Chokudzivirira Human Rights Norusununguko Runokosha, chisarudzo international dare vanobatanidzwa mune National repamutemo ezvinhu somunhu fanira maatomu akafanana. Panyaya iyi, zviri pamutemo simba zvisarudzo kupfuura normative mabasa Russian mitemo yenyika.

Achitaura nyaya Kuzadziswa dzakawanda Court of Human Rights, kuti nhoroondo muviri ichi pasina nyaya vasiri kuzadzika mabasa ake. In yayo zvisarudzo dare anekodzero nokururamisira kugutsa zvinodiwa vemapato uye kudzikamisa zvaparadzwa, asiri pecuniary zvakakanganisika uye dzepamutemo mari.

Conditions kuzviisa pasi kunyunyuta kuti International Court of Human Rights

Dare akagamuchira chichemo nezvawo, inofanira kusangana zvinhu zvinokosha zviviri, zvinoti:

1. Unogona vanotsutsumwa chete kutyorwa kodzero idzodzo nerusununguko izvo dzakanyatsorongwa inopiwa nokuti Convention. Not kufungwa chete kodzero ushandiswe chete emitemo wacho anoti. An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti vamwe rusununguko akataura muna Convention vazhinji States Mapato vari yokufungidzira, asi chokwadi ichi hazvirevi haabatanidzi mutoro kutyora kwavo.
2. Maererano Article 34 of European Convention Chokudzivirira Human Rights Norusununguko Runokosha, dare anogona kugamuchira zvichemo kubva vanhu, mapoka evanhu uye masangano asiri purofiti, iyo, vari Sokuona kwavo, vaiva vanoitirwa zvakananga kukanganisa.

Dare rine mamiriro munyika sangano, saka anogona kugadzirisa munhu anenge asiri mugari wenyika nhengo yesangano reCouncil of Europe. Chimwe chinokosha zvimiso chichemo kuti kuongorora Court of Human Rights ndechokuti munhu kupedza zvose nzira kudzivirira kodzero dzavo senyika, uye chete ipapo anoshanda dzakawanda dare.

International vezvokutengeserana kuyananisa

Nhasi, zvikuru pfungwa dzakawanda kutengeserana nekuti nepamusika yose iri Virtual anenge ose wechipiri. Sezvo dzimwe nharaunda zvose zvoupenyu hwevanhu, iri kusawirirana kuti zvimwe inofanira kugadziriswa. Kuti aite izvi, pane wezvokutengeserana kuyananisa dare rese. muviri iri akanyorerwa kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana zvakananga pakati mapato dzakawanda zvinosanganisira kutengeswa kwema. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu kana mapato nharo kungava masangano akasiyana zvachose kungova hurumende hurongwa. International Commercial Court anofanira kusiyaniswa nevamwe matare kuti vanosarudza kusawirirana zvakananga pakati States.

Zvinoumba International kuyananisa

Pamwe chete hurumende kumatare dzakawanda kuyananisa dare vezvokutengeserana ndiyo nzira yakakurumbira kugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati mapato chibvumirano, kutengeserana, nezvimwewo Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kusarudza kupfuura unoshamisa chinhu nhengo iyi, kureva ..:

1. Achipa kuyananisa zvisarudzo dzakawanda - inguva unoparadza uye panyaya. To musi, hapana chimwe mashandiro kuti kutonga dzemarudzi muviri iyo kuti chinozoiswa zvachose vose inoti. Izvi akaipa chinhu mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inoita mapato kushungurudza kodzero dzavo nokushorwa imwe murayiro wedare.
2. International Court kuyananisa anoshandisa nheyo zvakavanzika kuti anobvumira mapato kuchengeta zvakavanzika kubva zvose zvavo nenharo.
3. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti kuyananisa zvekufamba kunogona hakumbofi kwemakore, ichi kunyanya chimiro kudzivirira kodzero dzavo kunoratidzwa dzakakwirira mari, zvikurukuru nokuti pamutemo mari uye zvimwe mari zvakafanira (vakabhadhara consultants, magweta, uye zvichingodaro. N.).
4. International Court kuyananisa - ndiwo muviri kwazvakarerekera kuchaita kuti kupa zvatinofarira pedyo kana bato nenharo.

Criminal dzakawanda dare

An budiriro chinokosha mumunda ruramisiro dzakawanda kwaiva pakagadzwa ane mhosva dare renyika. Pasi Rome Mutemi (muviri mubereki gwaro racho), International Criminal Court ane paanotaura yose hunhu mhosva kururamisira. In yayo yakananga kugona kuti sunga vaya vakaita zvinotevera mhosva: hondo mhosva, kuparadzwa kwedzinza, mhosva vanhu.

Court chinzvimbo

The International Criminal Court kwakatangwa zvechigarire, kusiyana ataure Kwakaumbwa kuti vaiona vakaparadzana mhosva. Mukuwedzera, ICC - ari oga dare, vachishandisa The Hague. Hazvina zvisiri neUN mamiriro, kunyange dzimwe nguva zvinogona kutanga zvekufamba pahwaro mharidzo muviri. Nyaya akaita pamusoro ratification of Rome Mutemi, inova ndozvakajairwa kuti nhasi unoshanda munharaunda munyika 123. Kune dzimwe nyika dzisiri pakati vechikamu pamusoro mutemo, asi nokushingaira vanobatsira Implementation weInternational mhosva mudare uye ayo STRUCTURAL miviri. Dzimwe dzenyika idzi zvinosanganisira Russian Federation.

mhedziso

Mukugumisa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kururamisira dzakawanda - hazvisi chete chinokosha bazi yose kodzero zvavo, asi danho guru kukura nhaurirano pakati pamarudzi. Ngatitaurei tariro kuti nokukurumidza nyaya dzose kukosha pakati penyika mbiri huchakurukurwa miviri dzakawanda.