The Statistical nzira - nhema kana chinangwa Data kuita sarudzo?

Anozivikanwa okuti umo nhamba ndiyo imwe 3 siyana nhema uye anouya pashure "nhema" uye "Idzi dzaiva nhema dzemakoko," anonzi kuna Benjamin Disraeli, uyo aiva ramakumi mana mana wechipiri (nguva kuitika mune 2nd yezana remakore rechi19), kuti Prime Minister of Great Britain . Zvisinei, munguva yedu, vanhu vanonzi Disraeli, Mark Twain kuzoona zviri kurambwa. Asi kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, mutsara uyu nyanzvi dzakawanda kuramba vadzokorore mune zvaakanyora uye voruzhinji mashoko, chikuru zviri inova nzira Statistical kuongorora. Kazhinji, zvinoita unorira sedambe, umo chete chikamu aitamba ...

Statistics - the indasitiri dzakananga ruzivo, iyo inorondedzera sei kuunganidza, ongorora uye kududzira Mavhoriyamu yakakura data, zvose Qualitative uye quantitative. It chokuita siyana dzesayenzi uye anobatsira muupenyu. Somuenzaniso, vakashandisa nenhamba kubatsira kusarudza zvakarurama Statistical nzira nokuda kurapwa yamarudzi ose mashoko kuongorora. Legal basa mumunda utsotsi uye kudzora pavo. Kwemasvomhu anovandudza kwemasvomhu nzira kuronga uye kushandisa mashoko anobatsira kana sayenzi zvinangwa. Demographics inorondedzera mapatani zvokuwedzera kubereka. Mubvunzo Stats kunyanya kubata nyanzvi dzemitauro uye Indaneti.

Kushandisa Statistical nzira Misi shure kanenge kune 5th remakore BC Vamwe tanga zvinyorwa chine bhuku rakanyorwa muna 9th remakore AD. e. Arabian muzivi, chiremba, yemasvomhu uye muimbi Al-Kindi. It akapa rondedzero yakatodzama sei kushandisa kakawanda kuongorora (histogram). New Chronicle chokuita remakore rechi14 uye inotiudza Florence, vaiona mumwe mabasa ekutanga munhoroondo zvakanaka nhamba. Vakanga vachiswededzwa pedyo Florentine bhenga Giovanni Villani, uye inosanganisira zvakawanda pamusoro vakawanda, utariri, zvokutengeserana uye zvokutengeserana, dzidzo uye zvivako zvechitendero.

Early kushandisa nhamba chinorondedzerwa chido weHurumende kuvaka demographically uye mune zvoupfumi ruzha mitemo. Its dungwerungwe akanga rakatsaurirwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 uye zvaisanganisira muunganidzwa uye kuongorora mashoko zvavo. Nhasi, nzvimbo iyi zivo zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa nehurumende, mabhizimisi, dzinongoitika uye sayenzi munzanga. nheyo dzayo akarongeka, kudiwa izvo kwakamuka kubva mukudzidza kubheja, dzakaiswa muzana remakore rechi17 pamwe kukura dzidziso mukana French mathematicians Blaise Pascal uye Pierre de Fermat. The Statistical nzira zvinenge dzinoungana yakatanga rakarondedzerwa Carl Fridrihom Gaussom kumativi 1794.

Nokukurumidza uye kuramba kukura kadambari simba kubvira yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, rwave chinokosha kwakabatsira kukura rikashandiswa nhamba. The kombiyuta chimurenga akaisa kusimbisa vatsva pamusoro wayo experimental uye empirical zvinoriumba. Rava kuwanikwa vakawanda vose zvavo uye panorongwa, iyo unogona kushandisa nyore muitiro Statistical nzira ipi, kana kudzora machati, histograms, kuwirirana pachisara kuongorora, iyo stratification nzira, Ishikawa diagram, kana Pareto ongororo.

Nhasi, nhamba mumwe anokosha zvishandiso zvebhizimisi runziro uye kugadzirwa sangano. Kunoitawo kuti kunzwisisa uye kuyera nezvemaitiro variability, zvichiguma kwakavandudzwa muitiro kuzvidzora, uyewo kuvandudza zvinhu uye mabasa. Somuenzaniso, vatungamiriri kushandisa Statistical nzira kudzora unhu, achashora, sezvinoita mutemo, yakaudza zvisarudzo, saka utariri anoshanda zvakanaka uye anounza zvinotarisirwa zvabuda. Naizvozvo, nhamba iri iyi, ndiyo kiyi, uye zvichida chete rakavimbika chokushandisa.

Kugona kusarudza uye zvakakodzera kushandisa Statistical nzira achibvumira zvakavimbika mhedziso uye kwete kutsausa vaya akapa date ongororo. Naizvozvo, kuti vaizvitora unyanzvi ari mutana mashoko anenge 3 madhigirii yenhema inofanira kuonekwa senyevero zvikanganiso kuti anogona kuva vachitsausa zvinoumba hwaro zvisarudzo kubatwa nemigumisiro.