The T-80U aine gasi turbine injini: uye mafuta nokurondedzerwa

Zvakangoitikawo kuti zvinenge zvose MBT (huru yehondo Matangi) venyika vane Diesel injini. Pane chete kunze vaviri T-80U uye "Abrams". Chii nezvavanofunga vanotungamirirwa vanachiremba Soviet, nokusika akakurumbira "vosmidesyatki", uye chii vari tarisiro muchina uyu ikozvino?

Ayakaita?

Kokutanga zvipfuwo T-80U yakabudiswa muna 1976, uye muna 1980 ake "Abrams" akaita vokuAmerica. Kusvikira ikozvino, chete Russia uye United States vari vakapakata matangi ane gasi turbine simba chirimwa. Ukraine regai kurangarira, nekuti varipo chete vakabata T-80UD, ari Diesel shanduro akakurumbira "vosmidesyatok".

Zvakatanga muna 1932 apo magadzirirwo hofisi hwomwanasikana fekitari Kirov rakarongwa muna USSR. Rakanga muura hwake akaberekwa pfungwa pakusika munhu tangi vangasimudzira itsva vakapakata gasi turbine simba chirimwa. Hazvina kubva Chisarudzo ichi chouviri worudzii huni tangi T-80U richashandiswa mune ramangwana; munhu kwakajairika Diesel kana reparafini.

The nomukurumbira wakachenjera Zh. Ya. Kotin, uyo akashanda ari marongerwo anotyisa ISov, pane imwe nguva akafunga nezvokusika kupfuura simba uye nani motokari nezvombo. Sei ipapo afunga kuti gasi turbine injini? Chokwadi kuti aida kusika munhu tangi yairema iri kuwanda matani 55-60 kwenguva dzose mufambo kuti zvaida gwenya inokwana kwete asingasviki 1,000 litres. a. Mumakore iwayo vakadaro Diesel injini aigona chete hope. Ndokusaka, uye akanga pfungwa infusing avhiyesheni uye shipbuilding michina (kureva SDT) mu tangi.

Nechekare muna 1955, basa rakatanga musi vaizotibata ivhu maviri zvakasikwa. Asi zvakava pachena kuti mainjiniya ari Kirov chirimwa, pamberi chete kusika michini zvikepe, haana kunyatsonzwisisa muzvigadzirwa basa. Basa wakagumiswa, uye ipapo chose akamira, sezvo N. S. Hruschev chose "Volt kumusoro" zvose kukura inorema matangi. Saka panguva iyoyo kuonekwa kune T-80U, injini izvo rakasiyana nemamwe, hazvina raireva kuva.

Zvisinei, kupomera nhema Nikita Sergeyevich, muchiitiko ichi hachisi zvakafanira: newokuti rakachengetedzwa akaratidza uye ramangwana Diesel michini, pamusoro rakatarira pachena zvikuru kwakafumuka GTD maloobeschayusche. Ndingadzidzei kutaura, kana "vakanyorwa" iri kugadzirwa tangi, injini ichi kunogona chete 80s remakore rapfuura, uye kunyange nhasi simba akadaro dzakabatana munyika dzakawanda rechiuto mafungiro hauna kujeka chaizvo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuti pane zvikuru vavariro zvikonzero.

kuenderera

Zvose zvakachinja pashure pakusikwa kwenyika yokutanga MBT, Kojima akava T-64. Nokukurumidza, nyika vagadziri vakaziva kuti zvikuru wakakwana tangi anogona kuitwa anoritsanangura ... Asi dambudziko raiva inoomesera zvinodiwa Arayirwa utungamiriri munyika; zvinofanira kuva yakabatanidzwa pamwe huripo michina, haapfuuri saizi wavo, asi panguva imwe chete kukwanisa kushandiswa senzira "kusvetuka kubva Chirungu Channel."

Zvino akayeuchidza zvose pamusoro zvakare pamusoro SDT, sezvo munhu womunyika powerplant T-64 yakanga yatova nguva zvinodiwa zvakasimba kupindirana. Yakanga Ustinov akasarudza kusika munhu T-80U. The huru mafuta uye injini yacho tangi idzva vaifanira kusimudzira sechinhu mukuru-nokukurumidza unhu.

zvipingamupinyi

Dambudziko guru rakanga kuti powerplant itsva mhepo cleaners hunodiwa kuti zvimwe pokugara mwero MTO T-64A. Uyezve, Komisheni waitoda chinogumbura hurongwa: nemamwe mazwi, injini aifanira kuitwa kuitira kuti rinogona kubviswa zvachose uye kutsiviwa itsva pasi kugadziriswa. Pasina mari Chokwadi, nguva yakawanda pamusoro payo. Uye kana munhu hwakanyatsorwisa tsindirana GTE zvakanga zviri nyore kunzwisisa, mhepo rokutsvaira gadziriro mainjiniya akanunura zvakawanda nomusoro.

Asi ino chinokosha zvikuru, kunyange nokuda Diesel tangi, tisingatauri ayo gasi turbine analogue musi T-80U. Zvose peturu vaifuka, chipande turbine chirimwa gang uye pakarepo wakanamira implode kana mhepo kupinda combustion mukamuri haangazozikamwi zvakakwana kucheneswa nouipi kusvibisa nayo.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvose injini vagadziri vanotsvaka nechokwadi kuti mhepo kupinda sepombi kana kushanda turbine mukamuri yave vakachenesa kubva muguruva nokuda 100%. Uye vari nyore kunzwisisa, seguruva chaizvo unopedza mukati ari injini. Kutaura zvazviri, anoita somunhu sandpaper yakanaka.

prototypes

Muna 1963, aiva nomukurumbira Morozov akasikwa kumumvuri of T-64T, iyo paakagadzwa gasi turbine injini ine mwero inogona 700 litres. a. Nechekare muna 1964, vagadziri kubva Tagil, kushanda achitungamirirwa LN Kartseva akasika munhu zvikuru ramangwana injini, izvo angadai rakapa 800 "mabhiza".

Asi vagadziri, muna Kharkov, uye muna Nizhny Tagil, nematambudziko kunzwisisa vanochengeta unyanzvi matambudziko, nokuti iyo wokutanga Matangi Russian pamwe gasi turbine injini aigona kuonekwa chete 80s. Pakupedzisira chaizvoizvo yakanaka injini Akagamuchira chete T-80U. Chinotsva kushandiswa ake zvombo nemushonga, uyewo rinoenzanisa zvakanaka injini kubva mangwanani prototypes, sezvo tangi aigona kushandisa marudzi ose kwakajairika Diesel mafuta.

Hatidi netsaona kupendwa guruva pamusoro zvinhu, sezvo dambudziko yepamusoro mhepo yokuzvinatsa razova rakaoma zvikuru. The mainjiniya aiva ruzivo rukuru kukura turbines nokuda helicopters, michini ... asi helicopters vakavhiyiwa ichi-, uye mubvunzo huruva kusvibiswa mhepo nourefu basa ravo havana kumira zvachose. Kazhinji, basa rakanga rakaramba (oddly zvakakwana) chete chete pakunamata pamusoro Khrushchev, Breda chombo tangi.

Chinonyanya "zvimwe" aiva chirongwa "Dragon." Nokuti zvaikosha kuti mukuru-simba injini.

experimental zvinhu

Kazhinji, hazvishamisi kuti haana kukosha kuti michina yakadaro yakawedzera mufambo, compactness uye vakaderera siluetti. Muna 1966, vanhu vagadziri vakasarudza kuenda rumwe nzira uye akapa kuruzhinji kuti mutyairi chirongwa, mwoyo zvakanga kamwe maviri GTD-350, achivaratidza, sezvo zviri nyore kunzwisisa, 700 litres. a. Power chirimwa yakavakwa muna NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, izvo panguva iyoyo aiva zvakakwana noruzivo nyanzvi mubasa kukura turbines kuti ndege uye zvikepe. Ivo uye yakakura, uye akasika T-80U, injini izvo kuti nguva yaro yakanga yakasiyana nedzimwe zvechokwadi kukura.

Asi pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti kunyange munhu GTD - ari yakaoma uye nani capricious, uye kunyange mba uye haana zvachose hapana paanopfuura kwakajairika chimwe-chidimbu redunhu. Uye saka kuburikidza 1968 kwave akakurayirai pamutemo chirevo Hurumende USSR Ministry of Defense kutangazve basa iri vavariro imwe. Pakazosvika makore 70s akanga agadzirira tangi, izvo akazozivikanwa munyika pasi rokuti T-80U.

Key Features

The urongwa (sezvo kuna T-64 uye T-72) chekare, pamwe undovakira MTO vashandi - vatatu. Kusiyana yapfuura yokutevedzera, pano mehvoda akapiwa matatu chete triplex, izvo inovandudzika zvikuru maonero. Kunyange zvakadaro incredible nezvezvipfuwo Matangi zvoumbozha sezvo neshungu Kubasa zvapiwa.

Kubatsira kuti kupisa sokupenya turbine yakanga yakawanda. Saka kuti T-80U gasi turbine injini iri yakarurama ine kufarira kuti kwematangi, sezvo vashandi vanoshanda mamiriro mairi zvikuru vasununguka, kana iwe enzanisa muchina uyu pamwe T-64/72.

Dzimba yakaitwa kubudikidza nomoto, neshongwe unokandirwa, jira mafungiro angled ndiyo 68 inegumi. Kufanana T-64, ikashandiswa zvombo anoumbwa dzokurwa simbi uye Ceramics yave kushandiswa. Nemhaka ndaisagona pamakona ose mafungiro uye pakukora mota T-80U inopa yepamusoro mikana vashandi vemo vapone pasi toughest munda ezvinhu.

Panewo tsime kunyatsobudirira hurongwa kudzivirirwa vakawanda kuparadza zvombo kubva rikarira kusanganisira enyukireya. The marongerwo yacho revarwi mupanda zvinenge zvakakwana zvineringanidzo kuti ari T-64B.

Unhu injini mupanda

Designers akanga achiri kuti akaiswa longitudinally muna MTO GTE, iyo yaibva kwakaguma zvishoma kuwedzera kukura muchina achienzaniswa kuti T-64. TBG chakagadzirirwa sechipo monoblock yairema 1050 makirogiramu. Its yaiva kuvapo imwe giya, kunoita kuti kutora kufadza zvichibvira kubva injini, uyewo gearboxes maviri chete.

Kupa rinoshandiswa Matangi mana pakarepo MTO zvachose vhoriyamu iri 1140 litres. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti T-80U gasi turbine injini, kuti huni iyo inochengetwa Mavhoriyamu dzakadaro - asi "wamakaro" tangi unopedza 1.5-2 nguva yakawanda sehuni kupfuura T-72. Uye saka kukura nhengo matangi.

GTD-1000T zvakasikwa kushandisa-mugodhi matatu zano ane maviri akazvimirira turbine compressor chikwata. Kudada mainjiniya - a kamwene kugadziridzwa gungano unobvumira anotsvedzerera kudzora turbine majana kwazvo kunowedzera ayo upenyu basa T-80U. Chii mafuta Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kushandiswa pakukoka mukurumari simba chikwata? Developers pachavo vanoti kuti chinonyanya Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti ichi chinangwa, yepamusoro ndege mafuta.

Sezvo simba richibatanidza compressor uye turbine Hazvingaiti, mota anogona kufamba nechivimbo pasi, kunyange varombo kwazvo kubereka vanokwanisa, uye injini haangavi kungomira pakati pokushanda kwayo kunyange kamwe vanorega of machine. Uye chii "anodyisa" T-80U? Huni aro injini angava akasiyana ...

turbine chokugadza

The chikuru mukana wechipfuwo gasi turbine injini chinotsva iri kwayo omnivorous. Anogona kumhanya pamusoro ndege huni, chero mhando Diesel huni, yakaderera-octane peturu dzaizopiwa imotokari. Asi! T-80U, huni iyo inofanira kuva chete zvinotonzi flowability, asi zvikuru tisanzwe "unlicensed" combustible. Achidira asina varumbidzwa rinochiwedzera zvinowanikwa chete muhondo ezvinhu, sezvo rinobatanidza chinokosha rutapudzo kuti injini upenyu uye turbine mashizha.

Kutanga injini tichiregeredza kusimudzira compressors, izvo basa maviri kuzvidzora aine electric motor. The acoustic siginicha pamusoro tangi T-80U yekudyidzana kudzika pane ayo vamwe Diesel zvose nokuda chaizvo zvechadenga turbine uye pedyo zvikuru akaronga chiutsi hurongwa. Mukuwedzera, muchina yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti kana braking rinoshandiswa sezvo hydraulic mabhureki uye injini pacharo, mauri rinorema tangi anomiswa zvinenge pakarepo.

Izvi zvinoitwa? Chokwadi ndechokuti kana mumwe chete akaputsa chitiviri rikazvisundira ari turbine mashizha kutanga tenderera ari negwara. Izvi zvinopa mutoro zvikuru pamusoro mashoko pamusoro mashizha uye turbine pacharo, asi nokuti rinodzorwa mukombiyuta. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, apo pakarepo braking hwobva utaplivat chitiviri zvachose. Basa pakarepo aisanganisira hydraulic mabhureki.

Kana mamwe unhu tangi, ine hwakanyatsorwisa yakaderera mafuta "kudya". Kuti vawane iri vagadziri akakwanisa kwete kamwe. Kuderedza uwandu mafuta vaparadzwa, mainjiniya amisa otomatiki Anoshandura turbine kudzora mamiriro (XUAR). Hunosanganisira tembiricha sensors uye controllers, uye haizoshandisi, panyama chokuita chinotsva zvitengeswa hurongwa.

Nokuda SAUR kupfeka mashizha vakakwanisa kuderedza nenzira dzinenge 10%, uye hwakakwana basa akamedura chitiviri uye giya kuizunguza mutyairi kunogona kuderedza huni kudyiwa ne 5-7%. Nenzira, uye chii ichi tangi chikuru mafuta? T-80U mu akanaka ezvinhu anofanira refueled avhiyesheni reparafini, asi wakafanira uye unhu mafuta Diesel.

Air yokuzvinatsa hurongwa

yaishandiswa nedutu mhepo purifier, ichipa 97% nokubviswa neguruva vakanwa mhepo nezvimwewo wokumwe nyaya. Panzira, kuti "Abrams" (nokuda romuzvarirwo maviri-danho yokunatsa), nhamba iri pedyo kusvika 100%. It iri chikonzero huni tangi T-80U - musoro murwere, sezvazvakanyorwa vakapedza zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa tangi rake American aikwikwidza.

The yasara 3% guruva rakachengetedzwa pamusoro turbine mashizha ari muchimiro coagulated gang. Kuti arubvise, vagadziri zvakapa mukana otomatiki rokuchenesa chirongwa vibration. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mhepo inlets zvinogona chokuita chaiyo nemidziyo pasi pemvura kutyaira. Kunoitawo kuti ukurire rwizi kuti kudzika mamita mashanu.

tangi kutapukirwa mureza - Mechanical, yemapuraneti mhando. Unosanganisira mabhokisi maviri, maviri gearboxes, vaviri hydraulic tikachirega. Pane aimhanya mana mberi uye chimwe musana. Track rollers, rabha-zvemapuranga. Track zvakaitawo womukati rabha njanji. Nokuda kweizvi, T-80U ndiye chassis zvinodhura chaizvo.

Tensioning ari kuitwa gonye-mhando zvigadziriswe. Suspension mubatanidzwa, izvozvo rinoumbwa zvose torsion mbariro uye hydraulic kuvhunduka absorbers pamusoro rinks matatu.

zvinoitwa maoko

Main chishandiso - womuenzaniso pfuti 2A46M-1, caliber akaenzana 125 mm. Zvakangofanana pfuti vakaiswa Matangi T-64/72, uyewo haana vasingazivikanwi tangi muparadzi "Octopus".

Kunorwa (sapamazuva T-64) akanga kugadzikana zvachose ndege mbiri. kwematangi ruzivo vanoti kuwanda zvakananga pena pamusoro chinangwa nemaziso kuchengetwa inogona kusvika 2100 M zvombo mureza :. High-putika, uye rinobaya shaped-mutariri projectiles. A autoloader rimwe danho anogona kuva kwepfuti kusvika 28, uye vakawanda anogona riri mukurwa mupanda.

Ebetsero zvombo vari 12.7-mm pfuti "koralliriutta", asi Ukrainians vagara kuisa yakafanana zvombo, kufunga pamusoro mutengi wacho zvinodiwa. Huge drawback ndiye pfuti kuti vapfure kubva zvinogona chete kuva mutungamiriri tangi, uye nokuda kuti chero zvazvingava zvakafanira kusiya nzvimbo zabronevoe muchina. Sezvo kutanga 12.7 mm mabara ballistics chaizvo zvakafanana nezvakaitwa projectile, guru chinangwa pfuti riri zeroing mazano huru pfuti pasina munitions.

boeukladki

Michini rwisana rongedza akanga re nokuda vagadziri kunhivi mukomberedzo pamusoro inogarwa Vhoriyamu tangi. Sezvo rebei chikamu zvachose MSW T-80 Matangi kuchengeta huni, ari vagadziri nokuda bhuku dzakamanikidzwa nenzvimbo yakatambarara chete anoshongwa, nepo propellants vari dhiramu vakarurama. Zviri kuoneka chaizvo musiyano "vosmidesyatok" kubva T-64/72, umo Nokusimudzwa mutariri projectiles vakaronga yakatambarara pamusoro rollers chechetere.

Nheyo kushanda huru giya uye loader

At okutambirwa yakakodzera murayiro Drum anotanga tenderera, panguva imwe chete Achipfupikisa kuti akasarudza mhando projectile kuti vachizvitakudza ndege. Zvadaro, mashandiro yavharwa, uye goko vachisimudza mutariri kutumirwa huchashandiswa uchishandisa yatarwa kuroorwa pfungwa vachizvitakudza netsvimbo. Mushure bara ruoko iri kwaita akabatwa rinokosha mashandiro uye mukavaisa shama Drum sero.

"Carousel" vachizvitakudza chendangariro ari vachiridzira mwero kwete isingasviki mitanhatu kusvika sere vaitenderera paminiti. Kana otomatiki vachizvitakudza zvinopera, unogona manually undoraira pfuti, asi kwematangi vanotenda kuwedzera ikoko musoro (chakaoma basa kwenguva) zviitiko. The tangi akashandisa muenzaniso kuona TPD 2-49, pasinei pfuti kudzikamiswa munhu wehunyambiri mundege, izvo anobvumira kuona kure uye vakafurira pagungano kupfura dzimwe marefu 1000-4000 m.

vamwe okunatsiridza

Muna 1978, T-80U tangi ane gasi turbine injini kwave zvishoma modernized. The huru utsanzi aiva nechitarisiko 9K112-1 chombo hurongwa "Cobra", kupfura izvo unobereka zvombo 9M112. The chombo aigona rova warrior chipfuro ari chinhambwe 4 km, uye mukana uyu 0,8 kusvika 1, zvichienderana Nzvimbo unhu uye chipfuro kufamba velocity.

Sezvo chombo akadzokorora saizi mureza 125-mm projectile, rinogona riri chero tireyi loader mashandiro. nhare iri "mujeri" chete kuzorwa warrior motokari, chete asi tinofanira kugara warhead. Senguva dzose bara zvayakaita chitundumuseremusere ine zvikamu zviviri, izvo mubatanidzwa kunoitika apo mureza pabepa vachizvitakudza mashandiro. It anonyengetedzwa mu Semi-otomatiki muoti: masekonzi ari murwi wokutanga anofanira zvakasimba kuchengetedza kubatwa puranga riri chipfuro chinangwa.

Nhungamiro kana Manyiminya, kana achitaura redhiyo chiratidzo. Kuti maximize mikana kurova kubaya, ari murwi anogona kusarudza mumwe modes matatu ndege zvombo, kufunga pamusoro muchiuto mamiriro ezvinhu uye rwakapoteredza kumaruwa. Zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti zvinobatsira kana uchirwisa warrior motokari kudzivirirwa tichishingaira yemabhuku enyika.