The zvinokonzera bronchitis. Mhando Bronchitis, Zviratidzo neMarapirwo mu Adults

Somwana, isu kazhinji vabereki vanoti, usanwa inotonhora - chando, usabvumirana mes nguwani - achaita mari imwe kuzvimba mumapapu, kwete tsoka akanyorova - kwazvo huro. Asi hatina kuteerera kurwara. Kana kubva kusindimara, kana nokuda pakutsvakurudza mubereko vakaedzwa kuti simba romuviri wako. Saka pashure zvose zvinoitika bronchitis uye chii?

chenjera bronchitis

Bronchitis - ane anogumbura chirwere repasi kufema turakiti, nezviratidzo kuti zvinowanza vanhu munyika yose kuenda kuchipatara. The zvinokonzera bronchitis zvinogona dzaisiyana: utachiona, utachiona kana majemusi.

Panguva iyo kukundwa iri zvemapapu rinenge hariwanikwi, uye kuzvimba iri mupasi chete mune Árbol muti.

Kusiyanisa zvinotevera mhando bronchitis :

- chenjera kana kuwedzera bhuku Árbol secretions uye rinowanika chikosoro dzepanguva;
- chirwere, kana kuchinja mune mucous Kamudzira kunoitika panguva cellular vanochiva inotungamira hypersecretion uye havachanyatsogoni kufefetedza.

etiology

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinokonzera bronchitis kunogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. Chirwere chakarondedzera zvikuru kakawanda utachiona vari streptococci, mycoplasma, chlamydia, anaerobic kasvisto. A nemavhairasi etiology rinotaurwa yokuSpain, parainfluenza uye rhinovirus.

A shoma ishoma bronchitis yakakonzerwa makemikari kana hunokachidza zvainoita muviri. Asi iyi zvisingadzivisiki kubatana ane chirwere yechipiri. Maererano neInternational kupatsanura zvirwere Wechigumi Revision, with rikwanise bronchitis yakafanira yakasimbiswa utachiona uye proximate rikwanise bronchitis.

Nokuti nguva yose chirwere Munokudzwa:
- chenjera (vhiki kusvika nhatu);
- refu refu (pamusoro mwedzi).

Chenjera bronchitis anogona ichiyerera zvose kubva Árbol spasm, uye pasina izvozvo. Localization anogona kusiyana tracheobronchitis, anogumbura kuchinja kana kusimbiswa rokumusoro chikamu Árbol muti, uye bronchiolitis (pathological muitiro kunokanganisa diki bronchioles uye Formação de). By hunhu purulent exudate mutsauko, necrotizing bronchitis uye catarrh.

pathophysiology

Sei kuva bronchitis? Zviratidzo uye kurapwa zvakananga vakuru kuvimba mashandiro ari chirwere, sezvo kurapa akananga Links ari pathological muitiro.

Etiological zvinhu zvimwe kukuvadza Árbol mucosa masero uye kukonzera rufu rwavo. Izvi "maburi" iri dziviriro asike zvinhu nokuda kupinda pakati nayo utachiona. Kana chikuru epithelium nyuchi utachiona, shure kwemazuva maviri kana matatu kuti kubatana naye uye mabhakitiriya zvimwe mhando, kazhinji Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The anogumbura zvinyama siyana (kuzvimba, akatsvuka, vakawedzera dzomunharaunda tembiricha uye dysfunction) kukonzera nokuvhiringidzirwa ropa riyerere iri rirambe richibvira mubhedha, compression tsinga harinzwi uye ropa.

Kana zvakanaka rinomutsa acho uye kurapwa basa iri nguva, pashure kunyangarika kuzvimba mucous Kamudzira iri yakadzorerwa mumwedzi mishomanana. Asi chikamu chiduku varwere vasingadaro. Ipapo chirwere anova chisingaperi. Kana zvachinja sei chete mucosa, hazvisi kunyanya kukanganisa upenyu hwomunhu. Asi pokukundwa akaturikidzana dzose bronchus kunogona kukonzera ropa ari zvemapapu rinenge uye ropa staining ari sputum.

kiriniki

Zvinokonzera obstructive bronchitis, zvakadai utachiona kana mavhairasi kuti kuti maitiro zvekuchipatara kuratidzwa. The prodromal Danho segwapa nokuwedzera kupisa muviri kuti febrile digits, utera, hope, kurasikirwa kudya, kutemwa nomusoro, vangadikitira, mwoyo palpitations.

Varwere vanorondedzera nezvekufadza dzavo sezvo soreness kana scratchy huro uye muchipfuva, izvo yakakura nokuda inhalation mhepo inotonhora. Mukuwedzera, vane hanya yakaoma kugura chikosoro kuti haiunzi zororo. Shure kwemazuva maviri kana matatu, varwere vane gobvu madzihwa kubva madzihwa kana pus. The chikosoro angaperekedzwa kurwadziwa yepazasi chikamu pachipfuva. Izvi nokuda sefungu pectoral netsandanyama.

Panguva mukuru kuongorora kuvhomora pfungwa nokunyanyisa mwando ganda, akatsvuka pamusoro aakaitwa cyanosis kwemiromo. Tsandanyama nomumwe mweya wakavhomorwa muruoko intercostal dzezvimwe, hwebetsero kufema tsandanyama kushandiswa.

On avhareji nyore bronchitis kunogara inenge vhiki mbiri uye inoguma ari kupora zvakakwana.

Diagnostics

Inokonzera bronchitis kuona nyore kana nokuchenjera kushandiswa chirwere Ezvemutauro. Pashure chinooneka vaongo- zvakakodzera kuita tsvakurudzo Chaiko nzira dzakadai palpation, percussion uye auscultation. Kunzwa uye percussion mune iyi haaratidzi chinhu chinoshamisa, asi pano stethoscope anogona kunzwa kufema rakaoma, achiperekedzwa akapararira wheezing. Kana paine phlegm, wheezing kuva nyoro krupnopuzyrchatymi.

Kazhinji, kuongorora ropa leukocyte count kuchawedzera uye kuwedzera vakachengeta erythrocyte sedimentation mwero (ESR). Ari kuongorora weti, sezvinoita mutemo, hapana shanduko, asi panguva kureba fivha kungaita mapuroteni. Nemakemikari Kuongororwa kweropa inobvumira kuona chimiro C-reactive mapuroteni uye kuwedzera Alpha-hacho mapurotini. In sputum vari fibrin, leukocytes, desquamated epithelium kuti principales uye masero matsvuku eropa. Mukuwedzera, murabhoritari kuita chirimwa zviri principales pamberi utachiona uye utachiona.

On the radiograph haangavi chaizvo kuchinja, asi kuti chakawedzera pulmonary muenzaniso. Akatakura spirogram kuchaita kuongorora kuvapo uye mwero mhingaidzo.

mabatiro

The zvinokonzera bronchitis muchiswededza kusarudzwa kurapwa kwacho neimwe nyaya. Zvichienderana kwokuomerwa ari pathological muitiro, rikwanise bronchitis zvinogona kurapwa ive outpatient uye awa inpatient kuongororwa kuvarapi.

Zvipatara kunofanira kusanganisira antiviral kana antibacterial zvinoriumba, uyewo zvinodhaka hunowedzera principales. Uyezve, zvinokosha kubvisa zvinhu achabatsirawo kuti kuchiita utachiona. Yawapiwa kunodiwa kupfuura, pasinei kana chirwere zviratidzo zvikaramba.

Pari, vanachiremba vari kushingaira zvinosanganisira physiotherapy kurapwa, masaja, yokurovedza muviri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti nani kubvisa pamusoro Árbol secretions, uye inokupai kuti achinje nzira chourongwa kupinda mumuviri.

chisingaperi bronchitis

The chikuru chinokonzera bronchitis - ndiko kuvadza mucosal epithelium repasi kufema turakiti. Talk pamusoro chisingaperi bronchitis kunogona kuva mavhiki mana kubva pakatanga chirwere apo tiine kurapwa uye Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga mumapapu.

Izvi mamiriro ezvinhu dzinoratidzwa diffuse lesion rusvingo Árbol, iyo chokuita kwenguva refu kushoma zvichitungamirira tishu kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Secretory principales mudziyo kaviri kuchinja akawanda uye akararamawo wakawedzera kugadzirwa madzihwa.

kupatsanura

Kune akawanda zvekuchipatara classifications echirwere bronchitis. Pane zvinotevera zvekuchipatara siyana chirwere:
- Easy (kana catarrhal);
- purulent obstructive;
- nyore chimiro kutyora kufefetedza;
- purulent obstructive;
- inokosha Somuenzaniso, fibrous kana Hemorrhagic.

By padanho kuparadzwa bronchitis mugove zvikuru nezviduku Airways. Kufungawo pamberi asthmatic chiratidzo chacho kukuvadza. By hunhu aibuda, uyewo vamwe zvirwere anogumbura, bronchitis vari Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa uchitombova exacerbations, uye ari kuramba idzokororo.

Matambudziko pashure kutambura chirwere bronchitis - ndiko:
- emphysema;
- vangakosora ropa;
- inotungamirwa kufema kukundikana;
- chirwere pulmonary mwoyo.

zvikonzero

Chirwere, kazhinji pashure ari rikwanise bronchitis. Zvinokonzera mugadziriro iyi pfungwa mukati mumuviri uye kunze kwayo. Chinhu chokutanga kuti kufungawo unoda zvirwere. Kana simba zvakare kana simba, kunogona kukonzera refu kuzvimba uye kukuvara tishu. Uyezve, akaderedza kutapata kuchaita kukwezva matsva dzaitongwa mabhakitiriya uye nemavhairasi, saka chirwere hakuzoitikizve uye zvakare.

Uyezve, refu, pamusoro pamakore, nokushatiriswa pamusoro Árbol sepombi iri rakaoma uye kuchitonhora mhepo, fodya, guruva, uye carbon monoxide nemamwe makemikari vasangana mune dzimwe maindasitiri kunogona kukanganisa nzira chirwere.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti mamwe zvirwere majini kunogona kukonzera chirwere kuzvimba mumapapu.

pathogenesis

The zvinokonzera bronchitis zvine chokuita zvakananga kuti paumbwe mashandiro chirwere. Zvikurukuru akaderedza gwapa bronchopulmonary dziviriro, zvinoti: Mweya ciliated epithelium ari villi tava kuderera, kuderedza uwandu surfactant, lysozyme, interferon uye immunoglobulin A, mapoka T masero uye alveolar macrophages siyana.

Chechipiri, ari principales anovandudza pathogenic vanamwari vatatu vatatu:
- hyperfunction Árbol mucous mumasero (giperkriniya);
- yakawedzera viscosity pamusoro sputum (dyscrinia);
- kurega kunotanga kubva secretions vari principales (mukostaz).

Uye Chechitatu, kukura sensitization kuti causative mumiriri, uye muchinjikwa maitiro pachedu masero omuviri. Ava vatatu pfungwa kubvumira ndichengetedze kuzvimba kwemavhiki anopfuura mana.

zviratidzo

The chirwere kunoratidzwa simba chikosoro pamwe sputum zana namakumi mashanu milliliters pazuva, kazhinji mangwanani. In nguva chakasimba anogumbura siyana zvinogona kuva rinobuda tembiricha, vangadikitira, utera.

With kuchiita kufema uye cardiac insufficiency hwapedyo thickening phalanges ( "drumsticks"), uye thickening pamusoro chipikiri ndiro ( "awa girazi"). Marwadzo bronchitis kuitika chete kana kushoma kwaisanganisirawo pleura kana panguva mazhinji vangakosora zvakare kusvinwa kutsigira musculature.

Lab miedzo

The chirwere "bronchitis" zvinoiswa pahwaro kwomurabhoritari uye richishanda zvidzidzo. Kazhinji, kuongorora ropa kuchengetwa kuwedzera leukocyte kusuduruka leukocyte kuruboshwe, vakawedzera erythrocyte sedimentation unodiwa. Biochemically zvakawedzera uwandu sialic acids muropa, seromucoid, alpha- uye wegamma-globulin, pane C-reactive mapuroteni. Mucous sputum kana purulent, anogona mitsetse neropa. Rine ganda masero, masero matsvuku eropa uye neutrophils.

For morphological kusimbisa nechirwere kuitwa bronchoscopy. On radiographs vaiona wakawedzera pulmonary muenzaniso rayo pajira riya deformation, uye zviratidzo pulmonary emphysema. Spirography kunobatsira dzokumabvazuva chiremba pamusoro kuvapo kana kusavapo zviratidzo Árbol mhingaidzo.

mabatiro

Chii kutora pashure chirwere kuti "chirwere bronchitis"? Zviratidzo neMarapirwo mu Vakuru havasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva mune rikwanise chimiro. Kazhinji, chiremba prescribes zvimwe zvinodhaka anofambidzana achitarisira itibatsire causative mutumwa anogumbura mhinduro. Kana kuti zvinopera, ipapo zvakafanira kudzikamisa murwere ezvinhu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, zvinotevera mumapoka zvigadzirwa:
- mishonga;
- expectorants;
- bronchodilators;
- antihistamines;
- inhalations uye physiotherapy.