Three-danho injini mune chimwe chinhanho network. Wiring danho injini

Pane mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu kana uchida zvinosanganisira zvimwe vorudzii maindasitiri midziyo iri vanhuwo mumhuri mains zvitengeswa. Zvadaro pane dambudziko nhamba waya. On michina yakagadzirwa kuti mashandiro ari zvinomera, zviteshi, kazhinji matatu, uye dzimwe nguva mana, uye. Zvokuita navo, apo kubatanidza kwavari? Vaya vakaedza kuedza kuita zvakasiyana, iva nechokwadi chokuti Motors havafaniri kungoda kuruka. Zvinoita kubatanidza chimwe-danho-danho matatu motokari? Hongu, unogona kuwana kutenderera. Zvinosuruvarisa muchiitiko ichi, simba vaizongoguma tiurayiwe vanenge hafu, asi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zviri - chete nzira yokubuda.

Voltage-danho matatu network, uye avo reshiyo

Kuti tinzwisise sei kubatanidza munhu-danho matatu injini kuti kwakajairika nzira yokubudisa, unofanira kunzwisisa sei chokuita voltage mu muindasitiri network. Voltage tsika yaizivikanwa - 220 uye 380 volts. Kare, zvakanga zvichiri 127, asi ari mashanu kuti pfungwa iyi yakasiyiwa vachida zvakawanda kumusoro. izvi "zvemashiripiti nhamba" akaita kupi? Wadii 100 kana 200, kana 300? Zvinoita sokuti kuva nyore kumativi nhamba nezvazvo.

Vazhinji maindasitiri magetsi rakagadzirirwa riine-danho matatu rakatumbuka ano. The voltage rimwe danho pamusoro kwazvakarerekera waya iri 220 volts, sezvakaita iri musha wako nzira yokubudisa. Kupi vanobva 380? Zviri nyore kufunga imwe isosceles netriangle pamwe pamakona 60, 30 uye 30 madhigirii, inova Vector Mufananidzo voltages. Kureba wakarebesa divi akaenzana pakureba yehudyu, kane Kosi 30 °. Pashure nyore Masvomhu zvinogona kuonekwa kuti 220 X Kosi 30 ° = 380.

danho injini midziyo

Havasi mhando dzose maindasitiri Motors zvinogona kushanda kubva chete danho. Vakawanda vavo - ari "workhorses" anoumba ruzhinji dzemagetsi michina chero zvebhizimisi - asynchronous michina inokwana 1 - 1.5 kVA. Sei-danho matatu injini mu-danho matatu hurongwa, nokuti icho akaronga?

The vakatanga mudziyo uyu echimurenga aiva musayendisiti wokuRussia Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. Ichi chinoshamisa zvemagetsi injiniya aiva mutsigiri dzidziso-danho matatu mains, izvo nguva yedu yava kuzivikanwa. Asynchronous gwenya danho dzenzvimbo mabasa nokuda induction kubva stator windings pamusoro rotor conductors dzakavharika. Somugumisiro kwavo panowanikwa pfupi-circuited windings mune imwe neimwe pane remagineti kuti interacts pamwe stator simba mitsetse. Saka ndawana torque, zvichiita kuti dzeraundi inofamba pakati injini akabatana.

The windings vanosarudzirwa panguva necheparutivi 120 °, nokudaro kutenderera munda zvinoberekwa nechimwe maitikiro sequentially achisunda magnetizable nerimwe divi rotor.

A, triangle kana nyeredzi?

Three-danho injini mu-danho matatu hurongwa zvinogona kuitwa munzira mbiri - pamwe kwazvakarerekera kana pasina iye. nzira yokutanga inonzi "nyeredzi" iyi, mumwe nomumwe windings riri danho voltage (danho razero) vakaenzana ezvinhu edu 220 V. wiring "Triangle"-danho matatu injini kunosanganisira nhevedzano kubatana pakati windings matatu uye wedzerai mutsetse (380) ari voltage mhiri nokuchinja nodes. Kana yechipiri, injini richabudisa mukuru hafu simba.

Sei batidza injini negwara risiri?

Kuzvidzora-danho matatu injini kungareva kuchinja nenzira kutenderera ari zvakashandurwa, kureva harungashandurwi. Kuti aite izvi, iwe chete unofanira swap tambo mbiri vatatu.

Zvivanakire, kuti schema kuchinja injini inouraya bhokisi anopiwa Matandira, akaita kazhinji nemhangura. Kutendeukira pamusoro "nyeredzi" zvinyoronyoro batanidza vatatu goho waya yacho windings pamwechete. "Triangle" awana zvishoma yakaoma, asiwo kunogona kubata chero zvemagetsi yechipiri zvinodiwa.

Danho-ochinja chinzvimbo

Saka, dzimwe nguva mubvunzo unomuka, sei kubatanidza munhu-danho matatu injini ine kwakajairika musha nzira yokubudisa. Kana iwe chete edza kuti chivhariso waya mbiri, hazvingaiti tenderera. Kuti tiwane basa, zvinokosha kuti vatevedzere Pasika ochinja Zvakarurama voltage dzimwe akachinjikana (zvimwe 120 °). Kuti uite izvi chaizvoizvo unogona, kana iwe kushandisa Pasika-ochinja maatomu akafanana. Tichingotarisa ichi angava uye inductance, uye kunyange nemishonga, asi kazhinji-danho matatu injini imwe chete danho Network iri kusashanda kushandisa zvemagetsi capacitance (capacitor), anotaurwa muna tsamba Latin C. mazano

Achitaura mafomu ose UNODZIPA, zvakaoma kuona nokuda kunzwisisa tsika dzavo (kana hakuratidzwi pamusoro mudziyo). Kuyera nokukura L waida zano rinokosha kana unganidzwa nokuda zano iri. Mukuwedzera, kusarudzwa iripo UNODZIPA zvinowa- zvishoma. Zvisinei, chero experimental danho-ochinja chaikosha vangadzidza, asi zviri unotambudza.

Chii chinoitika kana injini dzikaita pamusoro? Pane imwe kubatana pfungwa iri zvokudya zero, pane dzimwe - Pasika, uye wechitatu - mumwe voltage zvava imwe angled pakureva danho. Clear uye asiri nyanzvi kuti injini basa haangavi wakakwana panyaya zvokuimba mugodhi simba, asi mune dzimwe nguva zviri kutenderera nezvokuti yakakwana. Zvisinei, panguva startup angamuka zvimwe matambudziko akadai Pasina pokutangira pfungwa, inokwanisa kuita kuti rotor pazvigaro zvavo. Zvokuita panyaya iyi?

pakutanga capacitor

Panguva kutanga-up mugodhi zvimwe zvinoitwa inodiwa kukunda masimba inertia uye kunofambira mberi kukweshera. , Ndiko kuwedzera torque zvakakodzera kuisa chimwezve capacitor chokuita redunhu chete pakutanga, ipapo adzima. Zvinangwa izvi, yakanakisisa nzira ndeyokushandisa yokupedzisira pushbutton chinzvimbo. Wiring dhayagiramu nokuti-danho matatu injini ine kutanga capacitor iri pasi apa, zviri nyore uye zvakananga. Panguva kwokushandisa voltage vanofanira tinya "Start" bhatani, uye vanotanga capacitor achasika dzokuwedzera kutotanga kusuduruka. Mushure injini untwisted kune kutsvakwa akurumidze bhatani, unogona (uye unofanira) regai kuenda uye kushanda kukwanisa vacharamba vari kutenderera.

Kukarukureta of capacitance tsika

Saka, takawana kuti kuti dzinoita-Pasika matatu injini mune chimwe chinhanho network zvinoda rumwe wiring dhayagiramu iyo, kuwedzera kutanga bhatani, rinosanganisira capacitors maviri. Vanofanira kuziva mutengo, zvimwe ari hurongwa hazvishande. Chokutanga tinofanira kutsanangura zvemagetsi capacitance ukoshi kunodiwa kumanikidza rotor kutama. Zvakabatana mu zvakafanana zviri uwandu:

C = Cm + CP, apo:

C vs. - kutanga mamwe switchable capacitance pashure yasimuka;

C peji - the kushanda capacitor, izvo chinopa kutenderera.

Asi tinoda kukosha yavose sezvavakatarirwa ano I N (zviri dziri Chiratidzo vasiyana muinjini panguva fekitari). parameter Izvi zvinogonawo totsunga muchishandisa rakananga payakavakirwa:

I N = P / (3 x U), apo:

U - the voltage pa unobatanidza "nyeredzi" - 220, uye kana "Triangle", ari 380 V;

P - simba-danho matatu injini, dzimwe nguva kune kurasikirwa plaques chirevo ziso.

Saka, zvichienderana inodiwa uchishandisa simba rinowanikwa ne:

CP = CP = 2800 N I / U - nokuti "Star";

C p = 4800 N I / U - nokuti "Triangle";

Kutanga capacitor anofanira kuva mukuru nokushanda 2-3. Unit nechiyero - microfarad.

Kune chaizvo nyore chaizvo nzira kuverenga capacitance: C = P / 10, asi nzira iyi kunoita kuti nhamba pane kukosha kwayo. Zvisinei, nezvokudya chero zvazvingava zvakakodzera.

Sei vanoda kuchinja

The nzira kukarukureta pamusoro muri approximations. Chekutanga, kuti aizviti kukoshesa dzimba ari zvemagetsi vachikwanisa zvingasiyana substantially kubva chaiko. Chechipiri, bepa capacitors (kazhinji kutaura, chinhu haana dhuri) iri anowanzoshandiswa ruoko wechipiri, uye ivo ose zvimwe zvinhu, pasi kukwegura, unoenda mukuru Kutsauka akati parameter. Chechitatu, kuitika kuti ichaparadzwa nokuda injini kunobva zvokuimba mutoro pamusoro mugodhi, uye saka unogona chete uone experimentally. How kuzviita?

Zvinoda zvishoma wokushivirira. Zvinogona zvikuru voluminous akagadzirwa capacitors zvakabatana muna zvakafanana uye dzakatevedzana. Chinhu chikuru - mushure ose basa rakanaka kuti kugadzira, kuti arege kuwira kubva soldered kumigumo vibrations zvinobva muinjini. Zvino hapana havazokuvadzwi kuzodzosera kuongorora zvabuda uye zvimwe kurerutsa magadzirirwo.

Achishandisa kwechibayiro bhatiri midziyo

Kana dzinoshandiswa vatenzi havasi chaiwo electrolytic mites, izvo zvinoita kuti kuyera kutira pasina akadambura ngetani, zvakakodzera batanidza chimwe ammeter mu ngaatevedzane neimwe waya, iyo rwuripowo-Pasika matatu motokari. Mugore rimwe chete-danho Network dzichayerera zvachose kukosha, uye kusarudzwa capacitors vanofanira kuvavarira zvikuru dzakafanana vachizvitakudza Coils. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kana Daisy zvachose capacitance zvinoderedza nemurairo;

1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 ... zvichingodaro, uye zvakafanana - pamusoro zvinopesana, zvinoita.

Uyewo, unofanira kukanganwa pamusoro parameters anokosha akadai voltage pamusoro capacitor rinowanikwa. Hazvifaniri kuva zvishoma pane aizviti kukosha pomumbure, uye zviri nani chengetedza.

buditsa resistor

Scheme danho injini kwakabatana pakati rimwe danho uye kusatsigira kondakita, dzimwe nguva vaisanganisa nemishonga. Inoshanda rekuona kuti panguva kutanga capacitor hauna vaunganidza vebasa asara mushure muchina akatsauka kure. simba Izvi zvinogona kukonzera yemagetsi kuvhunduka, kwete ngozi, asi hachifadzi chaizvo. Kuti vave vakachengeteka, kuti kufanana pokutangira capacitance kubatanidza munhu resistor (Y wemagetsi unonzi "shunt"). Kukosha kurwisa kwayo kukuru - kubva hafu kuna Meg Meg, uye kukura iduku, saka rakanaka uye poluvattnoy simba. Zvisinei, kana inodzidzisa haatyi kuva "vaipisa", kuti pasina zvakadzama zvinokwanisika zvikuru kuita.

kushandisa electrolytes

Sezvatotaurwa, firimu kana bepa capacitances anodhura kutenga, uye havasi nyore sezvataizoda. Unogona vaunze mumwe chete-danho kubatana ose-danho matatu Motors vachishandisa chipa uye iripo electrolytic capacitors. Muchiitiko chino, zvikuru isingadhuri, Naivowo hakuzovi, sezvo kukurira 300 volts DC. Nokuti vakachengeteka zvikonzero, vanofanira shunted semiconductor diode (D 245 uye D 248, somuenzaniso), asi zvinobatsira kuyeuka kuti rakatumbuka voltage zvikanzwika electrolyte, uye kutanga kudziyisa zvakasimba panguva kupinda mano izvi, uye ipapo putika, ruzha uye chaizvo. Naizvozvo, kana zvakakodzera zvachose, zviri nani kushandisa chete bepa mhando capacitors, kuti voltage iri dzinenge dzose, kunyange shanduka. Vamwe vatenzi zvikuru kubvumira kushandiswa electrolytes iri kutanga remudunhu. Nokuda kwenguva pfupi kuona imwe rakatumbuka voltage, varege nguva putika. Zviri nani kwete kuedza.

Kana pasina capacitors

Apo munhuwo vagari vasina kuwana zvakanakisisa-vachitengesa emagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvikamu, kutenga kwavari? Kumisika nhata uye "misika nhata". Achiripo, kutarisira vypayat munhu (kazhinji akwegura) maoko vekare washing machine, materevhizheni nezvimwewo rakabudiswa zvinhu dzeimba uye kuvaka uye mumaindasitiri rwokugadzira. Kukumbira izvi zvigadzirwa Soviet kugadzirwa mijenya: vanowatengesa vanoziva kuti kana chinhu zvakakodzera, zvichava kutenga, uye kana asina - uye chipo harizoiti. Zvinoitika kuti chete vakashonga zvavanoda (iyi kana capacitor) anongova kwete. Uye chii Unoita? Hazvina basa! Achiburuka uye resistors, chete vanoda simba, zvinganaka zvedongo uye vitrified. Chokwadi, akakodzera nemishonga (active) danho hakuiti kuizunguza, asi chinhu ichi nyika haisi vakakwana, uye iyi ndiyo yakanaka. Ose muviri wenyama ane tichizviongorora inductance, emagetsi vanokwanisa uye resistivity, kungava dukuduku rubanzu guruva kana gomo guru. Akashandura-Pasika nhatu injini mu panosangana kunova ivepo kutsiva capacitor impedance pamusoro apa zvirongwa, sangano iro rinowanikwa ne nzira:

R = (0,86 X U) / Madz, sezvamakaropafadzwa:

Ki - uwandu kuitika nokuda-danho matatu nokwauri, uye;

U - yedu vakavimbika 220 volts.

Chii injini tichaswedera?

Usati kuwana mari yakawanda injini kuti akangwara muridzi anoda kushandisa sezvo nemotokari kuti nokugeda vhiri, dzeraundi jeko, chibooreso wokudhinda kana zvimwe chero unobatsira musha mudziyo asingadi kukuvadzwa kufunga applicability raro kuti chinangwa ichi. Haasi munhu wose ari-danho matatu injini mu chete chokutambudzika wedzerai anogona kushanda zvachose. Somuenzaniso, dzakatevedzana MA (ake tsindi-keji rotor vakavirikidza keji) inofanira dzadzimwa kuti arege kuva lug kumba wandei uye maturo uremu. Kazhinji, zvakanaka kuti wokutanga kuedza, kana koka ane ruzivo munhu, magetsi, somuenzaniso, uye kubvunza navo pamberi ukatenga. Quite dzakakodzera-danho matatu asynchronous gwenya dzakatevedzana UAD, APN, AO2, vadyi wemari boka uye, chokwadi, uye A. Codes idzi zvinoratidzwa pamusoro nameplate.