Transfusion - chii ichi?

A zvishoma kupfuura zana apfuura, vanhu havana kuziva nezvokuvapo mapoka ropa zvakasiyana. About kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, takadzidza zvakawanda paya, makore 76 chete apfuura. Kubvira ipapo Kuwedzerwa Haasisina kutouraya zvakasikwa uye rava anenge vanhuwo nzira anoponesa upenyu dzakawanda vanhu munyika yose.

Sayenzi ropa

Transfusion - ichi ndechimwe nzvimbo hematology, sayenzi ropa. Iye anga achidzidza ropa, canning, ropa kukamurwa kunze, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa chakagadzirwa ropa Sevamiririri, uyewo pakurapa zvichibvira nezvinetso Kuwedzerwa uye pashure pacho. Hematology uye Transfusiology zvikurukuru - advance mapazi mushonga ano. Izvi hazvishamisi.

Nokuti vanachiremba, yevanorwara zvikuru nyanzvi, obstetricians, anesthetists uye ndinobvisa kuti chidzoke uye kukura sayenzi akadai Transfusiology - iri rakakura danho.

A zana apfuura, kuisira ropa rinoshandiswa chete kupiwa uye tinogona kutaura, sezvo chokupedzisira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo hosha mberi, uye zvose mamwe matanho zvokurapa kana zvomusejari haangashaikwi, chiremba uye murwere anogona kutora ngozi. Murwere uye chiremba aiziva kuti mwero wokubudirira uri anenge akaenzana ndingangokuvara rufu.

Today Transfusiology - munhu ano uye nokukurumidza kusimukira nesayenzi. It pachine zvakawanda zvakawanwa uye zvigadzirwa.

Basics ropa

Panobva sayenzi Transfusion akaisa kuvhurika 1900 uye 1940 ropa mhando uye kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero. Panguva iyoyo vanhu vakadzidza ariko vanhu pasi akasiyana zvina:

• I - 0.
• II - A.
• III - B.
• IV - AB.

Uye kuvapo zviviri rhesus zvinhu:

• Positive (Rh-).
• Negative (kusapindirana kweropa +).

Uyezve ongororo kubvumirwa kuona zvinokonzera fatalities mune ropa uye kuratidza kugarisana chati iri mapoka ropa (ona. Below).

ropa boka uye kusapindirana kweropa chinhu chinogona kuchinja pamusoro upenyu, regai kuvimba rudzi, bonde, uye vari nhaka nomumwe maitiro. Transfusion chinhu vanachiremba nekusimba uye kurishandisa kuti ruzivo achitarisirwa varwere vanoda kuwedzerwa.

ropa

Nhasi, ari kuwedzerwa ropa revanhu rose pasina kushandisa kuchengetedza uye Kudzikamiswa iri anenge kumboshandisa. Ainyanya kushandiswa anodiwa zvinoumba murwere dzoga fractionation nzira, zvikuru kurapwa uye kazhinji chando. Platelet kushandiswa, rakachengetwa masero matsvuku, plasma, leukocytes zvinoomerera.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo yaitonga zvinoumba ropa, pane mhando kutevera ropa (aizomupa):

• Intravenous (kuburikidza tsinga).
• Intraarterially (via ari tsinga).
• Intraosseous (mu muviri pfupa murwere).
• Intracardiac (mu kuruboshwe ventricle yacho zvakananga mumwoyo kana ponji kuburikidza ganda).
• Intrauterine (pamwe kusapindirana kweropa-kupesana pamuviri ikabereka ponji fetus mudumbu).

Kana uchida kuwedzerwa ropa

Pasinei nokubudirira uye mukuru kunotoda ruzivo kuwedzerwa, nzira iyi sechinhu chakakomba transplantologicheskoy oparesheni uye haagoni rubatso kusavapo rakakwana yematambudziko uye ngozi kwenguva.

Zvisinei, pane akajeka anoratidza kuti ropa:

1. Zvinoratidza Mhedziso (pasina varwere pangozi yokuva rufu anyatsoronga ropa, hapana contraindications):

• zvikuru ropa kurasikirwa;
• kuvhundutsa pashure kunotevera;
• inouraya mamiriro (rufu zvinyama kuwedzera).

2. Zvinoratidza hama (pasina kuisira ropa murwere anogona kurarama, uye ndiko chete chikamu marapirwo chiremba uye murwere vanofanira kunyatsoongorora zvichibvira contraindications, kunzwisisa zvinogona nengozi uye kutarisirwa results.)

• kupererwa neropa nokuda ropa;
• chisingaperi kupererwa neropa padanho neleukemia;
• coagulation chirwere pakuwanza mukati midziyo;
• ropa kurasikirwa kupfuura 30%;
• zvaipesana ropa coagulation, hakusi amenable kurapwa;
• hemophilia, cirrhosis, rikwanise chiropa, zvichikonzera kukwana kweropa;
• kenza ropa nedzimwe kenza;
• zvakakomba chepfu;
• sepsis.

Kana iwe usingagoni kuisira ropa?

Chakakomba zvirwere kumwoyo, 2nd uye 3rd nzendo kweropa kukundikana, atherosclerosis, sitiroko, tibhii, munguva exacerbation, pfungwa kuumba clots ropa, asima, rheumatism, chisimbwa, pulmonary edema - zvose zvakananga contraindications vozoriwedzerwa . Chero Kuwedzerwa centre anoramba kugamuchira varwere nezvirwere zvakadai uye akakurudzira kutsvaka vamwe, njodzi shoma nzira kurapwa.

nzira

On kubvuma murwere ari Institute of Hematology uye Blood Transfusion muropa rake yakaendeswa kuziva mhando uye kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero. Izvi kugadzirisa ongororo nokukurumidza kazhinji akaita zvakananga nemaziso evanhu. Uyewo nguva munyaya maererano nechirwere, ropa rakundwa kumativi chiremba kuongorora akayera BP, kwemwoyo, tembiricha muviri. Pashure kuti zvoutachiona ivhu inoenderana kune wacho uye zvinoumba ropa kuti transfused. Mune tsinga murwere chinotarisirwa anenge 15 milliliters chinoumba uye njanji apindure.

Kana zvose zvikafamba zvakanaka, mumwe Man playing rinogadzira Mabhokisi pamwe zvinoriumba (kupisa kana defrost), uye murwere anosaina magwaro anodiwa. Ropa rikasadururwa maererano nzira yakasarudzwa ropa chiremba.

Mushure nzira iri basa mubhedha zororo, nguva rokuongorora pamusoro wacho, kudzora tembiricha muviri (kusvikira katatu paawa masikati) uye akaita ropa uye weti kuongorora.

Chii ropa rakashandiswa kuwedzerwa

Chokwadi, chikuru tsime ropa zvakatonyanya kubudiswa uye gadziriro zvakamisa hurongwa ndivo vaipa. Asi pane kumwewo.

Zvishandiswezve - kutanga ropa kubva achiine rukuvhute tambo uye placenta. Zvinonzi inounganidzwa pashure mwana aberekwa. The achiine rukuvhute tambo unotemwa, uye vanosara ropa aseptically kune chinokosha girobhu racho. Tapedza kukurukura akaunganidzawo avhareji 200 Rine mamiririta. With kukurumidza kukura sayenzi zvino varumbidzwa yokuchengetera nayo vana vavo inokosha mabhanga. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mune vanachiremba ramangwana pedo vachakwanisa kubatwa achiine rukuvhute tambo ropa akawandisa zvirwere.

Cadaver - ropa vanhu utano uye pakarepo akafa (somugumisiro nenjodzi uye netsaona, myocardial infarction, kuvhunduka, chepfungwa ropa, congestive mwoyo kukundikana, etc.). The fenzi hauna papera pane maawa matanhatu pashure rufu uwandu marita kubva mumwe mana. Usambofa kushandisa ropa vanhu vane zvirwere, oncology, HIV, tibhii, njovhera, akafa nomuchetura.

Autohemotransfusion - kuisira ropa kare zvakashandisa Yakanatswa murwere ndizvo. Zvinogonekawo abdominal kunotevera uye yakakura munyika ropa izlivshuyusya unganidza ropa mumuviri mhango uye pashure yokuzvinatsa raitongwa zvakare kumurwere. nzira iyi zvikuru akachengeteka, sezvo inosiya mukana kurambwa.

dhonesheni

chipatara ose munyika yedu iri kuramba vanoda ropa. Pfuurai anonzi mazuva nomupi pane munhu vaipa zvinoshingaira vaipa uye kunyange anoremekedzwa vaipa, asi zvisinei, zvinhu zviri kushayikwa zvikuru.

Mumwe hama utano venyika yedu nemakore 18 kusvika 55 anogona kutora chikamu mune chirongwa kubatsira kuponesa upenyu. Izvi zvinoda chete anoshanda pedyo yemapurisa ropa. chero Kuongorora asati abudisa pachena (kusanganisira njovhera, hepatitis uye HIV). Most dzevazvipira kupa ropa for free, asi panewo zvemari incentives nzira. vaipa All vanopiwa fanira hwaro musi ropa zvemangwanani uye kwemasikati kana kudya kwemanheru, mubhadharo, uyewo mamwe goho. Ropa rinogona kutorwa ose kwemavhiki masere, kusvikira kashanu pagore.

Research Institute of Hematology uye Blood Transfusion

Ropa - nhasi rinowanikwa maitirwo ezvinhu akawanda kuchipatara. Asi muna Russia pane Russian Research Institute of Hematology uye Blood Transfusion FMBA, iyo sechinhu aitungamirira muzinda nesayenzi uye dzokurapa masangano munyika. It riri kuSt Petersburg pana 2 Sovetskaya mumugwagwa, 16.

Transfusion Research Institute rinopa marudzi ose nounyanzvi kurapwa chokuita matambudziko uye ropa chokuita nezvirwere. Mukati masvingo aro mubasa pakurapa kenza, kuchengetera hunde masero, zvakabudiswa uye kuchengetera nhengo uye nyama dzemuviri. Uyewo ari Institute akaronga weDhipatimendi Orthopedics uye Traumatology, Radiology, radiology, kuvhiyiwa, ishande-siyana mumarabhoritari Diagnostics.