Transport Germany: Types uye kukura

The chikuru chinokonzera varambe kukura Germany ndiyo intensification uye mazuvaano okuwana, izvo zvinoda kwete chete yebhuku michina mitsva uye zviitiko kwesayenzi, asi kukura chokufambisa ndokurondedzera kwezvivako.

The nezvifambiso zvinosvika muGermany

Market uye musika ukama vari zvisinganzwisiswi pasina akanyengetedza vaburitsi vatengi nhumbi uye mabasa. Development pakufamba muGermany ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kuwedzera pamwero zvezvipfuwo uye dzimwe kutengeserana. Nguva apo zvishoma penzvimbo mvura Rhine ndiye chete nevezvokutengeserana, vakanga vari kure kare. Nhasi, ari nezvifambiso zvinosvika - kunzwisisa Inter-indasitiri yakaoma, mumwe aitungamirira munyika. 1 km ² nyika nhoroondo German inenge miviri makiromita migwagwa yakasiyana-siyana uye kukurukurirana. The chikuru modes pakufamba muGermany:

• Railway.
• Car.
• Air.
• Water.

Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo kupfuura zvakatipoteredza ushamwari uye kunonoka chokufambisa - Mapaipi, izvo chinoita kuti anenge 4% of zvachose mitoro turnover.

railroads

Wokutanga chitima basa dzose wakavhurwa zviri Bavarian yechando 1835. Locomotive sezvamunoita toyambutsa pakati muNuremberg uye Fürth kaviri pazuva, kukurukura zvinhu uye vanhu.

Nhasi, kureba njanji (. 44 zviuru km) Germany ndiyo wechitanhatu, uye pamusoro wevasungwa - nzvimbo yokutanga munyika. Chinenge hafu yavo yakafadza. Huru keriya mitoro - boka db (Deutsche Bundesbahn), kuunganidzwa njanji Mitsetse kumadokero uye okumabvazuva nyika, unotora mapoka matatu: Mobiliti, Veda mutakurwi chokufambisa, Logistic (nhumbi kuyerera uye logistics) uye Networks (zviri kutsanangurwa mabasa uye kwezvivako). Pasinei kuvandudzika pakati yacho inofamba wemari uye zvinoitwa Hurumende, bhuku nhumbi turnover iri zvishoma nezvishoma shoma.

Rail senga mu Germany achingoraramira zvakawanda pamusoro chigaro chinotakurwa vatakurwi. Anovandudza matunhu anoratidza Park (chando), iri yawedzera hwokutiparadza nokukurumidza (paavhareji - 240 km / h, kufadza nzira Berlin - yokuHannover - kusvika 450 km / h). Mujinga yokufamba zvakakwirira chaizvo nekuti vomuzana kirasi chekufambisa - 0.41 Euro / km wechipiri - 0.27.

Mugore dzemakomo munyika vari kuenzana njanji. Nokuti varaidzo revashanyi vakaramba nzira dzakawanda pamwe locomotive injini uye nemotokari mazambiringa.

motokari senga

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nemhaka mugwagwa network, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura chiuru 40. Km wenyika yeUnited mikuru uye zvinenge 13 zviuru. Km pakati mikuru (multi-mukoto mikuru kune STRUCTURAL kupatsanurwa negwara kuyerera), mugwagwa chokufambisa muGermany kweanopfuura 60% kuti mitoro uye 90% kubva mutakurwi motokari munyika . Maererano Federal Vehicle Office, uwandu motokari munyika iri pedyo mamiriyoni 60, aine arambe achirema pamusoro 640 motokari muzana zviuru vagari.

Nepo maguta makuru akawanda kupinda nechepakati nzvimbo pakufamba chinorambidzwa, matambudziko kupaka zvahunoreva chaizvo. Kuwedzera kunzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kuti vakaremara vatyairi motokari, pane zvakaparadzana kupaka nzvimbo motokari uye vadzingwa nhengo naka hafu vanhu.

Germany - chete nyika yokuEurope nokusava nokukurumidza nemiganhu apo motokari dziri motorways. On dzimwe Migwagwa yacho bvumidzwa kunonyanyisa kumhanya 100 km / h, mu misha - 50 km / h.

mhepo motokari

Motokari ndege German inogona kurondedzerwa zvishoma makambani sirogani makurusa akaendesa mhepo iri Lufthansa - nani nzira kubhururuka!

Nzira vokudenga nhumbi vakatakurwa vakanga akapfuta muna 1909 ne "airships German." The yakakurumbira airship "Graf Zeppelin" akaita 590 yezvokutengeserana Vols dzakasiyana dzenyika, akakurira zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni makiromita. Development mudzimba uye Airlines vakabatsira kuti rakasimba "Junkers", vakatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa mutakurwi ndege yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Nhasi, mhepo chokufambisa muGermany rinobatanidza mikuru nzvimbo of Republic nedzimwe nyika zvenyika (mugove mudzimba ndege yakaderera chaizvo). The kupfuura 16 dzemarudzi dzendege, nhumbi turnover inoremekedzwa pakutanga muna Europe, kwakavakirwa muFrankfurt.

waterways

Shipping migwagwa munyika vane Kureba vanenge 7 zviuru. Km. Bhuku zvifambiswe nhumbi pavari rinosvika mamiriyoni 260. Matani pagore. Chete chetatu Nhoroondo nezvezvipfuwo chokufambisa. An chinokosha senga nzira ndiye Rhine. Kugara kutumirwa motokari pariri hwakagadzwa mukupera 90s remakore rapfuura. Iye zvino, Rhine Mhanya daily kusvika 120 nemidziyo. migero Navigable vane kunzwisisa suo mamiriro kubatanidza kuna Danube, Elbe, iyo Weser uye Rhone.

Sea zvengarava muGermany vane vanoshorwa zvikuru nzvimbo uye rebei kubva huru maindasitiri munzvimbo. Naizvozvo, huru dzakawanda kutengeserana chiri kuitwa kuburikidza Dutch chiteshi panguva pamuromo Rhine, mugove yokumwe wezvokutengeserana turnover muGermany kupfuura zvose zvengarava munyika.

mumadhorobha Posts

Public senga muGermany ane kupfuura dzakabudirira uye vakarongeka kwezvivako muna European Union. Hunomiririrwa anotevera dzakabatana:

• Metro. It unoshanda 19 mumaguta pakukura. Kupfuura zvakawanda uye mukuru network, yakavambwa muna 1902, runobva kuna Berlin Metro (10 mitsetse, 173 dzemapurisa).
• Overground Republic chitima. Kunyange vanoumba yakazvimirira chokufambisa pomumbure asi yomumugwagwa mapatani mumaguta akawanda hunonyatsobatana kuti "pevhu".
• Mabhazi uye trams. Bus basa iri chaizvo vakarongeka. Zvenguva Kumira anogona kuwanika pamusoro tsamba "H", girini. Vazhinji kwamira takashongedzerwa mashoko sefa kuti kuratidza nguva asvika mabhazi. Chitima chinonyanya dzakabudirira munyika Eastern munyika uye Bavaria. Part of nzira inochengeterwa pevhu.

vanoda nyaradzo anogona kushandisa dzakawanda tekisi yemakambani kana mupfuri motokari.

Pane imwe nzira!

Rakafuridzirwa vavakidzani - the vokuDenmark uye Dutch, a "chitiviri chimurenga" kunze uye vokuGermany. Pokutangira muna 2002 raiva National Development Plan mabhasikoro. Panguva emakore D-Netz mapazi samambure hwakagadzwa, pana 12 yeUnited velodorog zvachose urefu 10.2 zviuru. Km. Cycling mu Germany akava chidimbu zvakayenzana munyika kwezvivako.

Kuramba kuvandudzika pashure-okutengesa basa iri mhiri-remunharaunda kuchovha, bhasikoro rwendo akaita hwomutambarakede, uye rimwe gore mubereko yave ichikura nokukurumidza nokuda kwakadai ushanyi.

Kubvira 2008, kuvandudzwa siyana veloproektov yeUnited bhajeti nerimwe gore iri dzinounzwa vanenge mamiriyoni 3 euros, uye muchimiro mibayiro - Migumisiro muminda pachena utano uye zvakatipoteredza, mugwagwa kuchengeteka.

A zvishoma pamusoro motokari yemagetsi

The maitiro zviri kukura chokufambisa muGermany uye indasitiri yose - minimization uye tipedzisire kubviswa munyika zvoupfumi kuvimba nesimba kupinzwa. Ndokusaka Germany ndiye mutungamiri undisputed pakati nyika dzokuEurope kukura electromobile zvifambiso. Uye kana muna 2011 yemagetsi rengarava kwaisanganisira zviuru chete 2.3. Cars, Saka, maererano urongwa hurumende 2020 nhamba yavo kuchasvika miriyoni imwe, uye mumakore gumi anotevera achawanda katanhatu.

Chisarudzo vanotarisirwa kuva zvakaoma: zvakafanana uye zvakakodzera mamiriro zvichabviswa kukudziridzwa - kusarudzwa munhu Lanes, zvakatsaurirwa kupaka dzezvimwe, nokuumba richikurukura pazviteshi nokuda recharging mabhatiri zvenyu. Varidzi mota yemagetsi uchitova asingachaiti kuripwa chokufambisa mazai 5 years, uye mune ramangwana, ichi nguva achawanda 2 nguva.

Vemabhizimisi muGermany uye urongwa hurumende kupa kuti Implementation ava chinzvimbo urongwa mabhiriyoni 18 euros.

The chikuru mirayiridzo okukura

Industry uye German chokufambisa kushandiswa zvizere nokuda mazuvaano pezvivako ayo uye ruzivo kuti vawane kwesayenzi uye kwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu mberi.

Makambani German vari kuwedzera bhuku issuance dzemagetsi bikes, vari nevaikonzera-vhiri injini inokwana kusvika 300 watts or. Kurambwa nokupfuuridzirwa yekudyidzana anowedzera kunyatsoshanda yacho actuator. Kushandiswa NiMH mabhatiri kuchawedzera cruising siyana pasina recharging kusvika 50 km.

Kuvandudzika pamusoro pengarava chokufambisa mukuru-magumo, rakagadzirirwa dzakawanda pakutengeserana. Search iri kuti kuwedzerwa nezvitima pamwe vakagovera simba, sezvinoita kwerunyararo gwenya-ngoro mamiriro kwakakwana inobatanidzwa zvimwe zvinetso.

Pasinei siyana, kunzwisisa uye guta-ndichibvunza muitiro, kuti chokufambisa German anoedza kusangana remangwana zvinodiwa munyika bhizimisi uye vanhu, achiita zvaidiwa nezvemirau yose zvakatipoteredza uye zvinodiwa, izvo zuva nezuva kuri kuva makasimba.