Tsiye Uranus: sezvamunoita. Chii kuitika Uranus?

Pictures kubatwa "Voyager 2" Satellite ichiri pakati 90s kure nesu, akaratidza zvinoshamisa zvabuda. Wanda greenish tsiye Uranus - zviri chii chinoita iyi nyika, kunze dukuduku padombo-metal core. Chokwadi kuti madzibaba edu vari kuwanikwa mapuraneti rwokunze zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, vaiva nechokwadi chokuti zvose vakanga, kufanana Earth, ane pemvura, mhepo pakavha uye pasi akaturikidzana. Somugumisiro, gasi Hofori vari kunyimwa nezvazvo, sezvo vari vamiririri vaviri-rukoko muenzaniso mapuraneti.

History of kuwanika uye mukuru Data pamusoro nyika

In mashoko kure kubva Sun, Uranus ndiye wechinomwe nyika. Chakazarurwa ne Uilyam Gershel mukupera remakore rechi18, akatanga kushandisa teresikopu kuti ezvemuchadenga zvaanorumbidza. Asati ichi kwenguva refu, masayendisiti aidavira kuti Uranus ndiro chete kure ndiye nyeredzi inopenya chaizvo. Herschel pachake, manotsi pamusoro muviri ichi yokudenga, pakutanga tichienzanisa paro kometi, papera ndakasvika pakugumisa kuti ichi ave mumwe SS nyika. Chokwadi, pashure nokusimbisa ose zvakawanika kuwanikwa aiva kutekenyedzwa. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo hapana aiziva zviri kuitika Uranus chaizvoizvo uye zvaari kuvaka. Zvino tinoziva kuti ayo muchadenga - rimwe remasangano ari hurongwa. Sun anotendeuka Nyika kwemakore 84. In iyi kwayo chimurenga kumativi ayo akabatana ari zvishoma maawa anopfuura 17. Nemhaka iyi madiro Uranus, izvo kare rine inorema gasi, zvinova kusimba gobvu uye rine rakakura vomanikidza core.

Nhoroondo chadenga dzidzo

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chitarisiko uye mumuviri maitiro Uranus simba raro tsanga, uyewo nedanho raro inotungamirwa. Tichienzanisa parameters yepasi (25 559? Km - Equatorial nharaunda), chinoumba munhu vakasiyana. Somugumisiro, hachisi tsime simba kana remagineti, sezvinowanzoita pamwe Jupiter, uye zvakasimba zvakakwana rinopisa magasi ose anoumba mhepo Uranus. sezvamunoita Its, akavapindurawo, haagoni kuenzaniswa Zvinoumba Jupiter kana Saturn, asi vose mapuraneti aya chikamu muchikwata chimwe chete. Chokwadi chokuti Uranus akapoteredzwa chando magasi, aizi chepamusoro okunatsiridza ayo, namakore methane nezvimwe inorema zvinhu. chiedza zvakadai magasi akadai sehydrogen nehelium, varipo mumhepo chete diki zvakawanda. Pane shanduro mbiri gangaidzo ichi. Maererano chisarudzo kwekutanga uye ari rinokweva mauto ari musimboti panguva rokuumba MOP vakanga duku kukwezva chiedza magasi. Wechipiri kuti panzvimbo Uranus yakaumbwa, paiva rinorema chete namakemikari zvinoriumba, iyo yakava yavambwa.

Kuvapo muchadenga, ayo akafanana

Uranium exchange yakatanga kudzidza zvakadzama bedzi pashure pokufamba "Voyager 2" yakaitwa mifananidzo pamwe yakakwirira resolution. Vanobvumira Masayendisiti kusarudza chaiyo nemamiriro nyika yayo mhepo. Ndiko kuti, mhepo goko pamusoro Uranus iri muzvikamu zvitatu:

• The troposphere ndiyo zvakadzamisisa. The kumanikidzwa pano ari zvinobva 100 kusvika 0.1 nemizariro, uye kukwirira rukoko urwu idukusa 500 km kubva kwakajairika chechetere jasi.
• The stratosphere - mumhepo rukoko yaiva pakati. It ane nzvimbo yakakwirira 50 kusvika 4000? Km.
• Exosphere. External Uranus mhepo, apo kumanikidza inoenda zero, uye vaifanira mhepo tembiricha yakaderera.

Pazvose akaturikidzana izvi zviri zvikuru akasiyana zvinotevera magasi: nehelium, rehydrogen, methane, amoniya. Uyewo, pane mvura muchimiro okunatsiridza siyana echando uye chiutsi. Zvisinei, zviri kuitika Uranus, murwiyo izvo zviri akafanana mhepo goko waZeusi hwakasiyana incredible pasava noushamwari. Kana chikuru gasi hofori mhepo makore neshungu kuti vaifanira, ipapo vari dzaserera kusvika 50 ° Kelvin, uye saka vane mukuru uremu.

troposphere

Gobvu rukoko zvomumhepo zvino chete hunonzi yakagadzirirwa kuti asvike kwaari earthlings midziyo haasati achibvumira. Stone chinoumba yepasi akapoteredzwa makore rinoumbwa echando crystals. Vane inorema uye kushanda zvikuru kumanikidza nepakati nyika. Izvi zvinoteverwa negore Ammonium hydrosulfide, ipapo - paumbwe mhepo kubva rehydrogen sulphide uye amoniya. Kumudzivo chikamu troposphere kutora methane makore kuti tint nyika iri chete girini ruvara. Mhepo tembiricha iri troposphere ichaongororwa zvepamusoro munyika. It yemakomo kubva 200 K. Izvi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti jasi yepasi guru chando rukoko siyana. Asi ichi ndicho chete pfungwa.

stratosphere

Availability Uranus Atmospheric anopa yeimwe inorema uye chiedza magasi, uye avo kwetunhu nyika aizonyatsovachenesa greenish tint. pezvakaitwa zvose izvi zvinoitika nechepakati mhepo pakakoromoka, apo pane mamorekuru ose amoniya uye methane mu nehelium uye rehydrogen. Ice crystals ndapfeka zvakasiyana nadzurudzo kupfuura troposphere, zvinokonzerwa amoniya, rwezvinhu chero chiedza kuuya kubva muchadenga. Wind kumhanya ari stratosphere kusvika 100 m / s, saka kuti zvose makore nokukurumidza kuchinja nzvimbo yavo muchadenga. Muna stratosphere kuitika auroras kakawanda kuumbwa makore anosundwa. Asi kunayisa akadai chando kana mvura, haina kuchengetwa.

exosphere

Pakutanga, chii zviri kuitika Uranus, zviri kutongwa pamusoro rayo nevamwe. Izvi mutete kanyika rwemvura crystallization, iro wakafukidza mhepo uye simba dzenzvimbo ndiyo musimboti yakadereresa tembiricha iri renzou. It rine chiedza gasi (samolecular hydrogen nehelium), kuti methane, riri yakawanda iri denser akaturikidzana hatisi. Wind kumhanya ari exosphere rinosvika 200 m / s, tembiricha ikasawira 49 C. Ndokusaka puraneti Uranus, iyo mhepo sezvo aizi vakava kuchitonhora chaizvo ezvinhu edu, kunyange kana ichienzaniswa ayo vavakidzani zvikuru kure - Neptune.

Chirahwe remagineti Uranus

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti girini Uranus Muruoko rwake anobata chirukiso pamusoro wayo akabatana, norutivi rwayo. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti panguva nguva SS nyika nezvinoda asteroid kana mamwe nzvimbo muviri, izvo zvachinja nzvimbo yacho, nokudaro kanganisa remagineti. Kure akabatana kuti inorondedzera kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba nyika hama kuti neequator, kuti rinobva akabatana ari zvava pedyo 59 inegumi. Izvi zvinoita, pakutanga, kuti gogonera kuparadzirwa regiravhiti, uye chechipiri - the dzisakarurama kusungika iri kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba hemispheres. Zvisinei, kazhinji, ndiko ichi chisinganzwisisike nzvimbo chendangariro kuti Uranus muchadenga uye ayo akasiyana sezvamunoita. Around musimboti dzinoitwa magasi chete unorema pakati akaturikidzana - chaicho mvura. Zvichida kana tembiricha yakanga yakakwirira pano, Uranus aizova rakakura munyanza rinoumbwa zvavo mvura, inova tsime roupenyu.

Uranus absorbs zvose uye vose kumativi

Sezvatakamboreva kumusoro, Uranian muchadenga izere hombe yakawanda methane. gasi Izvi rinorema zvakakwana, nokuti anokwanisa rokutora michini mwaranzi. Ndiko, zvose chiedza chinobva Sun, dzimwe nyeredzi nemapuraneti, kureva kuitika Uranus, ichichinja kuita greenish Hue. Nguva ichangopfuura, masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti nyika uyewo ingests magasi vavatorwa zvinowanika napadare, wayo Zvinoshamisa kuti simba remagineti. Senzira pakati akaturikidzana zvomumhepo uye carbon dioxide vakanga dzakaonekwa carbon monoxide magasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakanga mwoyo nyika kubva unopfuura kometi.

Ice umambo maitiro edu

The maviri mapuraneti wejira SS - nayo Uranus uye Neptune. Both maitiro rinokwanisa kucheneruka noruvara, vose aumba kubva magasi. The tsiye Uranus uye Neptune - koda chete, kunze zvakaita reshiyo. Simba regiravhiti uye mukanyiwa pakati nuclei Mapuraneti vose ndiro rinenge chete. Rezasi akaturikidzana zvomumhepo Neptune sezvo Uranus vari aumba kubva akapfupikisa mvura, hwakakanyiwa methane uye rehydrogen sulfide. Pano, pedyo chinoumba, echando hofori vanotsamwira vanopfuura 200 Kelvin, nokudaro achiumba ayo remagineti. Mhepo Uranus uye Neptune ane chete nhamba samolecular rehydrogen waro sezvamunoita - 80 muzana. Rokunze mhepo rukoko Neptune uyewo dzinoratidzwa dzakakwirira nemhepo, asi tembiricha ipapo zvishoma yepamusoro - 60 K.

mhedziso

Kuvapo Uranus 'ezvinhu, pfungwa, dzinovimbisa kuvapo rino. Aerial goko Nde chezvinonhuwira kuti uranium exchange. Zvinonzi kudziyirwa zvakasimba kumusoro pedyo musimboti, asi kufadza kutonhora pasi zvikuru akaturikidzana. Nepo nyika ndiyo upenyu nemhaka yokushaya okisijeni uye mvura iri mvura. Asi ari projected kune vaongorori kana makirisito tembiricha anotanga simuka, ice crystals dzikava guru munyanza, izvo angadai akatanga matsva zvipenyu.