Virus varicella-zoster - chii? Herpes zoster: Treatment, Kunokonzerwa, Zviratidzo

Chibhokisi, kana, zvakanyatsorurama, chibhokisi mhepo, zvaizivikanwa anenge ose mugari Nyika. It isu mubayiro ane kunonakidza nemavhairasi inonzi varicella-zoster, akazarura muna 1911. Zvakatora anopfuura zana kubva panguva iyoyo kure. Varicella atova akadzidza kureba uye upamhi, asi kuti vahwine kusvikira munhu asingagoni. Kunokonzerwa utachiwana ichi chirwere hariwaniki kuva zvikuru zvakakomba, nekuti vanourayiswa kwavari 1 100 zviuru nyaya, uye kunyange panguva iyoyo kwete kubva pachavo, asi kubva yematambudziko akakonzerwa navo. Kuno yematambudziko izvi uye kunyengera hakuna. Varicella-zoster utachiwana anokwanisa kupinda munzvimbo ropa, riri node, mune zvakawanda mugadziriro nhengo. Dzinga kubva ipapo hazviiti. Kamwe chakaunzwa muviri wedu, chisvetasimba anogara nesu nokusingaperi.

Portrait ane utachiona

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus ndowenyika genus kunosanganisira 17 marudzi. Pakati pavo pane avo kuti chokuita chete nedzimwe mhuka kana shiri, asi pane dzavasinei nadzo dzevanhu. matambudziko aya uye maonero vaiona nesu "zoster". Shoko rinoreva muchiGiriki "bhandi" unoratidza muenzaniso maronda, akacherechedza inonyanyoshandiswa.

Yabatwa kubva nguruve, huku, imbwa uye dzimwe mhuka hazvigoneki. In dzakawanda taxonomy nezvirwere utachiona uchanzi Human alphaherpesvirus 3rd mhando. nemavhairasi Vose microscopically diki, asi mumwe nomumwe ane rakasiyana "Chiso" vayo. The maikorosikopu rinotiratidza kuti varicella-zoster zvakaumbwa kunhivi kana zvishoma denderedzwa, vane panozogadzirika zvinosanganisira DNA, uye goko ukatakata spines akaita kwemapurotini dzakaoma. Pakutanga kurova mutumbi wacho, utachiona hunokonzera chirwere chibhokisi.

Nzira chirwere

Varicella-zoster utachiona chete hwacho vanhu, vakawanda kwomwana kuti kuenda kukireshi uye chikoro nevana. A zvikuru yakakwirira nhamba kutapukirwa muzvikoro, kindergartens, mune chero vakawanda zvikwata. Gwara - kuenda neherikoputa (sneezing, vangakosora) uye Pin. nguva dzose kuumbwa matema, izvo kuverenga zviuru nezviuru nemavhairasi mumuviri mwana anorwara. Kana matema izvi hombodo, pamwe utachiona exudate kunze zvakatipoteredza uye vanogona kupinda chitunha hwakanaka munhu kuburikidza tsvina nemaoko, zvinhu kana muviri kuonana, akadai ruoko kuzununguka. Grace nemavhairasi anogona kuvapo chete masero waitirwa dzavo, naizvozvo, ari kunze, ave nyore. Vanogona kuuraya nyore nyore disinfecting mhinduro, achibika, chero detergents.

zviratidzo

It Unopinda edu muviri varicella-zoster achishandisa muromo, iyo rakachengetedzwa pamusoro mucous membranes. Yakahwina yokutanga "bridgehead" zvavo, nemavhairasi vari chakaunzwa limfososudy, ropa, mapapu, tsinga uye autonomic, musana masero. Rakapinza mumiviri izvi, vanotanga zvichiberekana, uye kare Inoziva mumuviri, zvirwere. Kubva nguva chirwere kusvikira zviratidzo vokutanga vanogona kutora mazuva 14 kana kupfuura. The chikuru chiratidzo chibhokisi ndiko chimiro matema ari mapundu ose pamusoro muviri. Pakutanga, vanotarira kufanana yakatsvukuruka nodules, asi nokukurumidza kukura kusvika pakukura machisa musoro kana zvishoma. Vari pasi dzakaonda ganda riri translucent exudate. Kana matema hombodo, zvinoreva exudate, uye kuramba paganda maronda, ukuwo desiccation yakava ane pakafunuka.

The tembiricha iri hosha vanoenda kukireshi kashoma achisimuka dzakakwirira tsika uye, sezvo mutemo, rakaitirwa munzvimbo 37,5 ° C, zviratidzo kudhaka kazhinji haana kuchengetwa, asi mwana anogona kuva capricious, kudya, kuti usimbe. Vana vakura (makore 7-12) vanotambura chibhokisi iri zvishoma zvikuru kwakatooma, kunyange vane chirwere munogona kumbonyanya nyore netsika nefivha yakaderera wegiredhi uye kugutsikana.

Varicella chimbi dambudziko iri kuti Varwere vemazera ose itches zvakasimba. Vana kuvava uye Achabvambura goko, kusiya kwako ganda hwose chiratidzo-ospinki.

In vakuru, zvikuru chibhokisi, chirwere zvikuru kwazvo. Ivo anozivikanwa:

• simba;
• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• yakakwirira tembiricha zviratidzo;
• muviri pari;
• hope mabongozozo;
• dzimwe nguva svoto kuti kurutsa uye kutyora chair.

Chibhokisi vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vachangoberekwa

Pakati pamuviri chibhokisi chirwere kashoma (kwete kupfuura 5%), sezvo vakawanda rayo pamuviri vanaamai chibhokisi muuduku, uye muviri anokwanisa kuva antibodies kuti varicella-zoster utachiwana. Mucheche 6 mwedzi, ivo kudzivirira pamusoro utachiwana. Naizvozvo grudnichki chibhokisi zvinenge regai kurwara.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kana chikuru hweHIV chibhokisi utachiona zvakaitika panguva pamuviri, pane mukana kukanganisa kwavo uye zvibereko (8%). Kana maperembudzi kwakaitika pakutanga trimester, uye 5% vana zvingava zvakasiyana vachiberekwa malformations (kugwinha, muviri, wokugaya minwe, zvemamiriro chitarisiko uye nhengo). Kana hosha yechipiri trimester pamwe 2% zvarakasiya vakaberekwa vacheche, apo chete chirwere nyaya wechitatu trimester.

Asi kana mai vachirwara chicken pox kwemazuva mashanu asati pakukurukura kana mukati memazuva maviri mushure vane chibhokisi vachangoberekwa Ndakatengesa zvakaoma chaizvo, zvichida kunyange rufu.

Chirwere varicella-zoster, IgG, IgM nemamwe antibody

Kwekutanga chirwere kuti "huku pox" akamutswa nemaziso. Zvino vanachiremba kunze nhevedzano nemiedzo kuti tione utachiona mhando zvakakonzera chirwere uye chii kwaari muviri kutanga antibodies. Modern Diagnostics zvinosanganisira:

• Vaname kubva nomumukanwa mhango.
• A bvunzo ropa kuona mhando utachiwana.
• Analysis kuti exudate matema.
• Antibody bvunzo boka IgM, izvo aumba anenge pakarepo pashure pakatanga chirwere pre-B lymphocytes, uye ropa dzakaonekwa pazuva 4th zuva chirwere. Naizvozvo varwere kuratidza antibodies uye mamwe mapoka. IgG antibodies tsika kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa pashure kunyangarika zvinooneka zviratidzo chirwere uye kuora. Hazvina pfuma yavo rinoshandiswa kuti chirwere vamwe siyana chisingaperi zvirwere.

mabatiro

Kazhinji, varwere chibhokisi haana muchipatara. House navo kutevera mararamiro zvinodhaka antiviral ( "Acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), pamusoro pechipupuriro varayire antipyretics, antihistamines, uye rashes zvose akazorwa zvakasvibirira pendi kana fukortsinom. Kuti tiwedzere kutapata Doctors uyewo ndiye mavhitaminzi uye kudya.

The muviri akanga achirwara kwoupenyu hwose vari antibodies kuti utachiona varicella-zoster, izvo vanodzivirirwa reinfection. Kumboda ichi antibody IgG mapoka, asi anogona kuva varipo uye boka IgA, IgM. AT IgA pamwero anodonhedza yekudyidzana nokuda mwedzi 4th mushure chirwere. Kumboda inokuchengetedza mucous membranes uye nhengo dzomukati vanoumba 20% antibodies zvose. IgM zvachose immunoglobulins ndiyo 10% uye 75% IgG. Ndivo chete anokwanisa kupfuura nomunyika placenta (nekuvongwa riri duku), uye kupa kutapata kuti mudumbu mudumbu.

yematambudziko

Sezvo pashure chibhokisi mumuviri mune vanhu antibodies kuti varicella-zoster utachiona IgG, vanogashira hwose kutapata. Matambudziko hosha chaiye vana aigona kuva chirwere, akanyorwa anokwenya papules. A vana simba chaizvo zvinobvira yematambudziko:

• nemabayo (Zviratidzo: chikosoro, fivha, cyanosis ganda, kupfupika mweya);
• Encephalitis (Zviratidzo: nemusoro, fivha, kugwinha, kurasikirwa kufambisa, kuda kurutsa);
• bursitis;
• chearthritis;
• thrombophlebitis.

In vakuru, pamusoro pakanyorwa chibhokisi angatanga:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• yomumuzongoza;
• encephalitis;
• chiropa;
• chearthritis;
• erysipelas;
• abscesses, cellulitis, streptoderma.

Shingles zvinokonzera

chirwere ichi chiri kunzi "shingles." Varicella-zoster utachiona, kamwe inobatwa mumuviri, vachirarama munyika Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa (basa) mamiriro ari mumasero etsinga iri musana, muna cranial tsinga iri ganglia (masumbu Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu) pakati tsinga. Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere vanhu kwava simba, vagere chinyararire uye regai kukonzera dambudziko. Asi sezvo nokukurumidza muviri sezvo simba, utachiona pakarepo kusashanda. Somugumisiro, itsva huku pox zvikasaitika, asi munhu inotanga mamwe chirwere - shingles, kureva chikamu zvinotapuriranwa, uye akava maitiro mapundu pamusoro muviri.

zvikonzero:

• kuvhiya, kukuvara nezvimwe zvirwere, kusanganisira chakasimba zvirwere kufema, bembo;
• huta kushushikana;
• chenhando zvokudya;
• basa rakaoma, netesa muviri;
• murombo magariro;
• chirwere, zvaakapiwa zvazvo;
• pamuviri;
• hypothermia;
• nhego transplantation;
• vamwe mishonga kuti vasaziva zvirwere;
• kuchembera.

zviratidzo

Shingles Kazhinji kunoitika nedzevakuru asiwo vana ndinongopfuura vaiva chibhokisi, rinogonawo chirwere. ziso rake chikuru zviratidzo zviri okuvhurumuka ari mumuviri, Anonyanyowanika iri ipapo, apo etsinga hunde dzacho. With herpes pedyo mhuno uye miromo chirwere ichi ane chokuita, sezvo mumwe utachiona inonzi kuti ongororo inoratidza. Virus varicella-zoster, kuwana rusununguko kubva mukuchengeta navo cheki kutapata, chinovapo masero etsinga uye anotungamirira axons avo kumuromo kwematanda etsinga. Pakuzadzisa chinangwa, kwahunokonzera ganda hweHIV. Zviratidzo-Precursors:

• tembiricha;
• hazvitaurwi kuneta, uye zvakawanda zvive;
• kushaya simba;
• kunyangarika havi;
• marwadzo uye kuvaviwa (dzimwe nguva chinoshamisa tingling) pasango kwemakomo ramangwana.

Zviratidzo panguva yepamusoro chirwere:

• okusafunga muchimiro matema ane segirazi exudate;
• kuzvimba node nodes;
• neuralgic marwadzo (izvo zvingava vanyoro kana simba);
• subfebrile tembiricha kumusoro;
• Zviratidzo kudhaka.

Kurwara kunotora pavhiki mwedzi.

Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando mapundu

Varicella-zoster anogona kurwisa dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri, uye saka kusiyanisa kwemarudzi aya shingles:

• Ophthalmic (akaparadza ophthalmic bazi trigeminal etsinga pakuti anogona kukuvadza cornea). Kwakaratidzwa marwadzo mumaziso, kuwa maonero, mumwe mapundu pamusoro temberi uye vakakomberedza maziso.
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (yakarohwa sezvimwe tsandanyama, okuvhurumuka akaona nemumuromo mhango uye nzeve mugero).
• Engine (myotomes vakashamiswa uye dermatomes, varwere chokunyunyuta pamusoro kurwadziwa zvikuru muzvidimbu tsandanyama yacho honokono).

Maererano weboka chirwere kusiyanisa marudzi aya:

• abortifacient (pasina kurwadziwa uye mapundu);
• cystic (okusafunga guru kwazvo);
• ropa (ropa chipo ari exudate matema);
• Necrotic (papules kuitika nokukurumidza ganda necrosis);
• generalized (mapundu ose pamusoro muviri).

Diagnostics

Akaora uye nemaziso shingles pamberi mapundu kazhinji kururama kuti appendicitis, angina, pleurisy nezvimwe zvirwere. kuitisa rabhoritari kuongorora kana zvakakodzera. Varicella-zoster zvinoratidza nokukurumidza nechirwere, ndeyokuongorora ivhu nemaikorosikopu. Uyewo kushandisa immunofluorescence uye serological nzira. Yakagozha rabhoritari zvidzidzo kuitwa zvinotevera nyaya:

• Grudnichki-varwere;
• vana immunodeficiency inoti;
• atypical herpes;
• kuoma weboka chirwere.

In vana, chirwere mudumbu, dzinowanikwa vakawanda antibodies varicella-zoster IgG antibodies uye IgM. Kusiyanisa rinoitwa nevanhu PCR. Izvi zvakaitwa zvinobatsirawo kuziva hutachiwana kusavapo mapundu pamusoro ganda uye kuvapo kwayo pamusoro zvomukati.

Mabatirwo herpes zoster

Kana kuongorora yakanga yakanaka - varicella-zoster chirwere 100% chokwadi. Pashure paizvozvo, chiremba achasarudza kurapwa algorithm. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vechidiki shingles inopfuura pasina zvinodhaka, asi anorura kudya uye mubhedha zororo. Medicines anogona makarindira kupora uye kudzivirira matambudziko, uyewo kubvisa marwadzo uye tembiricha, kana ani.

Antiviral ushandiswe varwere vakuru makore 50, simba zvikuru, akatambudzika kukuvara uye kuvhiyiwa, kutambura kubva zvirwere, uye vana. zvinodhaka zvakapararira - ndiye "Acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir", uye pakati inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro "Ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" uye analogues. Uyewo pamusoro pechipupuriro waakaudzwa anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids. Kana utachiona varicella-zoster ziso uye / kana kuti murwere muchipatara uropi.

yematambudziko

Kunge vakaudza muna 28% pakurwara shingles. Varwere chokunyunyuta pamusoro:

• madzerere;
• kunzwa kurasikirwa;
• kakawanda uye sezvisingatsananguriki nomusoro;
• nomuzvarirwo pakuvonekwa dzungu;
• muviri soreness pashure kunyangarika yacho mapundu.

Nokuti vamwe varwere zvingamuka cardiac uye / kana renal insufficiency, muchaerera kuomesa kwakaita oncological zvirwere, upofu, kusanzwa, kwazvinoita uropi uye / kana musana tishu.

The Zostavax mushonga chakagadzirirwa sechipo chokudzivirira nechiyero. Kugona kwaro chakasimbiswa empirically, akaenzana 50%.