Vitebsk nharaunda: zvisakamboonekwa nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Vitebsk nharaunda iri chikamu Belarus. muzinda wayo muguta Vitebsk, pedo inoyerera rwizi Zapadnaya Dvina uye Vitba.

nguva ukuru

Zvinofungirwa muna Stone Age iri munharaunda Vitebsk nharaunda aigona anogara madzitateguru edu kure chaizvo. Kudzidza rairatidza nzvimbo pakati chinyakare vanhu akapa pave kutaura kuti vanopinda Bronze uye Iron Age.

Mu "zvakaedza zvekare Makore" mapeji yakakurumbira Chronicle, iro rinoumbwa muna 862, raireva hugota pakati Polotsk panzvimbo nhasi muna Vitebsk. The Prince roWokumusoro Ancient miganhu chikwata munzvimbo iyoyo yokutanga chaizvo waiva Prince Rogvolod, uye basa basa muzinda Polotsk. Today Vitebsk nharaunda, ari kuona yatiri tsanangura munyaya, izvozvo anotarisa, Chokwadi, zvakasiyana.

Panguva kwezana XIII-XIV emakore, zvakatanga akurumidze basa kutanga munharaunda, tichitarisa wezvokutengeserana uye tsika. Atova XVI remakore. nharaunda dzemamongi Orthodox uye temberi zvikoro yokutanga akazarura. Kazhinji, dzakaitika zvinonakidza chaizvo Vitebsk dunhu - ose zvinotyisa dziri pano, hazvibviri kuona zuva rimwe.

Dzepamutemo kubvira XVI remakore

In yechipiri yezana XVI remakore. muEurope, Kingdom kuwana simba Polish, izvo pashure kubatanidzwa nomumwe chete Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania akaumba wePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Vapiwa changed simba iri pakutanga XVII remakore. uye Vitebsk nyika, pamwe zvose zvaitika. Chikuru nzvimbo kutenda Catholic, simbisa kukura Dominican chechi, pakatangwa wechechi yeRoma College uye Bernardine wemamongi nhandare. Panzira, nhasi vari - chikuru zvinokwezva zvenyika Vitebsk nharaunda.

Muna 1866, bazi njanji kubva Eagle kuna Riga pamwe maviri maguta guru yeRussian Empire, uyewo Kiev uye Brest, zvaisanganisira yaro Zvinoumba Vitebsk. Uye 1914, Vitebsk - nzvimbo yakakura muguta ane tsime kunyatsobudirira indasitiri. Pamberi yaifamba 1917 siyana maindasitiri mabhizimisi muguta vashanda zvinenge 8% of 109,000 vanogara mairi.

Munguva kubva January kusvika April 1919 muPoland akatora mukana yehondo iri munharaunda, yanyura kupinda yokukanganwa, yokuRussia Empire, uye vakatora chikamu kunyika Belarus pamwechete guru kuitwa Minsk. Zvisinei, Vitebsk dunhu akaramba muSoviet Russia.

Modern Vitebsk nharaunda

Vitebsk Oblast Education Falls pakati January 1938 A July 11, 1941 muna Vitebsk maiva German masoja mumigwagwa. Mumakore hondo vokuGermany rinenge akaparadza maguta makuru zvachose.

Modern Vitebsk nzvimbo inozivikanwa yaro yakakwirira pamwero kukura bhizimisi uye waibudirira. The simba vemo rinokurudzira mumhanzi nemitambo, kupa nezvimwe zviitiko nemagariro. With musoro remunharaunda centre zvakabatana akakurumbira "necheSalvic Bazaar". Saka Vitebsk nharaunda, ari kuona yatiri kukurukura, zvinogona zvakachengeteka kunzi netsika muzinda munyika.

Vamwe dzinonakidza chokwadi chokuita Vitebsk Oblast

Zviduku guta nzvimbo iri Disna, riri pamusoro rwizi chete zita. Kubva 1921 kusvika 1939 guta kwainzi chikamu Poland. Uye kubva 1959 nayo anowana ayo ano chinzvimbo - Disna (Vitebsk nharaunda). Attractions zviri zvikuru siyana. Vashanyi vanofanira kushanyira pano:

• chipatara (kutanga XX mu.) - ungwandangwanda;
• Nzvimbo Castle yekare (XVI-XVII emakore.);
• kuchamuka "Doroshkovichi";
• Church Resurrection.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti hwaro rangano yokufungidzira A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" sehofisi zvakamboitika zvose zvakafanana Vitebsk. Pfungwa wokuRussia munyori akakurumbira uye mudetembi akafuridzirwa shamwari yake yakanaka Naschokinym P. V. Vitebsk Pushkin akanga apo, muna 1823, akaudzwa kuti mwedzi 13-panotaurwa Odessa. Uye vamwe rainzwika Vitebsk nharaunda vakazvipira kuti chiitiko ichi.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa, kubva Paris akatanga kufora muEurope, Renaissance, Renaissance. A Vitebsk, mezhdk nzira, musoro ndohwaJehovha guru unyanzvi mirayiridzo wechipiri. Zvinosuruvarisa, chokwadi ichi, vashoma vakanzwa.

Today Vitebsk kudada vakawandisa vanovengwa zvenhau netsika ukoshi. Kune 219 pazvivako, vasere achitaura nhoroondo matanhatu - kuti mumatongo. Akapfuma kare zvivako Vitebsk nharaunda. Dzinoyevedza kunogona kuva kwenguva refu kuona, vachiteerera nyaya inonakidza vanhu vemo uye vatungamiriri.

Mutsindo Unhu pamusoro Vitebsk nharaunda

Vitebsk akaberekwa uye akamutswa Mark Shagal. akapedza ake muduku makore Pokrovskaya mumugwagwa. Mumba apo mhuri yaigara yakakurumbira painter remangwana, zvino ndiyo miziyamu. zvinhu zvose zviri mumba, izvo aifanira kuitei okugadzira zvinhu Chagall, zvino muMuseum sezvo Exhibits.

Sezvo zvakachengetedzwa zvinyorwa muna 1896 murume wokuFrance Fernand Guillen pahwaro of akapedzisa chibvumirano ne hurumende guta, akatanga kuvaka nzira dzemagetsi trams. Nokuda chokwadi ichi makore maviri gare gare, guta kare cruised kujairika muchimiro mabhazi. Museum nhoroondo anochengeta ndangariro imwe nedzimwe chiitiko - wokutanga chitima, izvo vaiona kuzvikudza Vitebsk.

In July 1895 mugari Vitebsk Drevnitskoy OM akakwanisa zvinobudirira kunyika imwe parachuti, zvokuti iye akava nomukurumbira, achiva iye wokutanga hadzi parachutist.

Mukutanga 80-ies ose XIX remakore. Vitebsk mifananidzo Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu akasvika kwakajeka pfungwa - kushongedzera pakarepo kamera shutter. Chokwadi ichi chaiva yechimurenga mumunda mifananidzo.

Interesting zvinhu yehondo

Hondo akasiya munhoroondo Vitebsk nharaunda uye zvisingafi chiratidzo. Saka, 3 months Vitebsk akanga muuto Napoleon akanga achiitei mapazi panguva Hondo 1812 Muzinda waGavhuna, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva nokufungidzira Hill, Napoleon akasarudza kuisa kumuzinda zvechiuto. In ichi guta Belarusian chamambo French August 3 aifanira kupemberera ake inotevera rokuzvarwa.

Panguva Great Patriotic War nokuda Vitebsk aiva mumwe toughest. Inenge dzimba dzose vanoparadzwa (93%) uye 167 zviuru vagari apone 118. chete Zvisinei, pashure pokukundwa yeNazi nechisimba vakatanga kuvakazve guta.

Military Zvivako kuti yakakurumbira Vitsebsk dunhu - the zvisakamboonekwa risingagoni kusiya munhu hanya.

He Repina Museum uye Hagia Sophia

At 16 km kubva Vitebsk ari miziyamu-yavatezvara them Repina "Zdravnevo". Kusvikira 1892 ari Manor rakanzi Sofievka. Akatenga womufananidzo peredvzhnik pamusoro mari yakagamuchirwa pashure kutengeswa rakakurumbira Kesari Alexander III kuti kupenda, iyo chinofananidzira Chiitiko muunganidzwa Zaporozhye Cossacks kunyora mhinduro kune Turkish Sultan. In Manor ichi Ilya Repin akafuridzirwa kuti kusika anopfuura 40 ounyanzvi ake, kusanganisira "Moonlight", "Autumn Bouquet", "Sun" uye vamwe.

Uye pamwe chete nzira kwesuko miti, wakaisa yokudhirowa, vachine mukana kufamba wenhumbi vashanyi.

Polotsk kunze Castle ndiro St. Sophia Cathedral (Sophia kana Mutsvene Uchenjeri), kudzivirirwa UNESCO. Nderake tanga temberi Orthodoxy, apo Belarus runoonekwa kuva temberi yokutanga yakavakwa namabwe. Inenge iri XI. Vseslav Wizard akarayira kuti temberi, inomiririra simba Polotsk. The kumumvuri aiva mukuru pamwe guru Byzantine Empire.

City Deep netemberi muguta Lepel

A guta yakanaka Deep (Vitebsk nharaunda) riri 187? Km kubva Vitebsk. Zvinokwezva yacho dzingafarirwa munhu anoonga nezvivakwa kare:

• Mill (1911);
• MuKarimeri Monastery (XVII-XIX c.);
• Church of Wokuzvarwa woWakaropafadzwa Mariya (1639-1654 g);
• St. Trinity Church (1628).

Kunyange mukati meguta pane madhamu shanu. Vashanyi vanofanira kushanyira uye Gluboksky dzakaitika uye ethnographic miziyamu.

Uye connoisseurs petemberi kuona zvinokwezva Lepel (Vitebsk nharaunda)

• Chapel St. George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX mu.);
• Church of St. Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Church of St. Casimir (1857-1876 g).

guta rino riri pamusoro Vitebsk ari chinhambwe 110? km. The kwenzvimbo yava kutanga - vari zvivako zvose zvitsva dzinovakwa, zvikoro uye kindergartens.

Dzinokatyamadza dzinongoitika girl

Republican nzvimbo kuchengeterwa "Yelnya", riri munzvimbo Miory nharaunda, anozivikanwa nokuda glacial madhamu vekare uye bogs, vari kufungisisa iyo nzvimbo iri befu. The dangwe (akanga asina makore asingasviki 9000 okuberekwa) doro rinonzi "Yelnya" ndiyo 20 zviuru. Hectares.

In Mumatsutso makwai pano vazhinji vhudzi Cranes uye shiri. nzvimbo Local vakapfuma zvikuru cranberries. The bheri zvakadaro yakakurumbira kuti kwake rukudzo ose gore kunyange vane zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mutambo unokosha.

Heino mazita akanakisisa zvinokwezva zviri Vitebsk nharaunda, izvo zvinofanira kuona ose nzvimbo uyo akashanyira Belarus:

1. Holy kubvuma Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Belarusian Typography (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Shongwe magamba enyika Patriotic Hondo 1812 (Polotsk).
6. Pushkinsky zambuko (Vitebsk).
7. Peter vanogara I (Polack).
8. Church of Wokuzvarwa woWakaropafadzwa Mariya (Deep).
9. Traditional Culture Museum (Braslav).
10. The chirangaridzo kunzwisisa "Rylenki".

Ndiyo shoma mazita chii akakodzera kuteererwa ose nzvimbo.