"Wet" anoreva nhema vari avhiyesheni indasitiri

Chii chinonzi "nyoro" anoreva nhema vari avhiyesheni indasitiri? Chii kuti? On vamwe mibvunzo iyi uye isu achapindura munyaya ino. Ndege anoreva nhema risi rinonzi Bhaibheri, iro rinoshandiswa kuti kutengwa uye nokushanda simbi shiri, uye munyaya ino midziyo uye kwezvivako. Chirango ichi rinobatanidza magadzirirwo wegadziriro mari uye gungwa rendi.

Operating leases

Zvinozivikanwa kuti "nyoro" anoreva nhema chinhu chinokosha pamusoro uchishandisa muimba. Anoreva nhema makambani, vendege uye vagadziri vanoshandisa dzakasiyana pakukurukura enyika ari ndege rendi. The zvinokosha zviri zviviri: mari anoreva nhema uye kushanda.

Commercial ndege kazhinji kurenda ne zvebhizimisi Commercial okutengesa ndege uye anoreva nhema (CASL), vaviri kupfuura simba vavo - GE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS) uye International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC).

Operating leases Kazhinji pfupi. Rinotora makore asingasviki gumi, izvo zvinoita ukwezve kana liner chinodiwa kutanga basa racho (vakasimba) kana kutongwa kuwedzera pamutemo transporter.

Nokuda pfupi uchishandisa leases airliners vanodzivirirwa yabvaruka. Izvi nguva Munyika dzakawanda inonyanya kukosha nokuda kakawanda okunatsiridza mitemo panyaya kwezvakatipoteredza uye ruzha. Zvakadini Where zvishoma creditworthy Air (semuenzaniso, aimbova nyika Soviet Union)? Pano, operative anoreva nhema ndiyo chete nzira kutenga ndege nokuda vendege.

Mukuwedzera, kambani iri kurishandisa awana mukana wokushandiswa: zvinova anokwanisa kutungamirira vashandi uye rengarava kukura, chibvumirano uye kuikudziridza aenderane ne kudiwa.

amortization

Kana operative anoreva nhema pamusoro midziyo panguva risi haanyatsonzwisisi depreciated. Panoperera upenyu hwayo inogona kuzodzosera yataihaya kana kudzokera muridzi. Ukuwo, mashoko residual chamunowana kuguma risi ndege kunokosha kuti muridzi. Muridzi anogona kukumbira kuti vakadzoka midziyo akabata Nokuraramisa (somuenzaniso, C-cheki), kuti vakurumidze kuchinjwa inotevera opareta. Kungofanana nedzimwe nzvimbo anoreva nhema, mune aviaarende kazhinji zvaida escrow (zvinovimbisa) dhipoziti.

Sei "nyoro" anoreva nhema muRussia? The uchishandisa risi ndege Delivery nguva haasi kupfuura vanomwe, dzimwe nguva kwemakore gumi. Risi kubhadhara mutengi mari iri pamwedzi hwaro, saizi kwavo kunoenderana ya kondirakiti.

rinokosha

Saka, chii chiri "nyoro" risi? Ino chaiyo mhando anodawo apo ndege ndokubvarura kuti risi pamwechete rakarira. Ndiko, kana ndege, chikwata chake, inishuwarenzi (the ACMI) uye kugadzira rimwe vendege (lessor) anopa kune mumwe, kana mumwe mhando vemabhizimisi, kuita sezvo murevereri nendege (the lessee) vanobhadharwa ne awa kutarisira.

Tenant zvokushandisa huni vachibhadhara zvinosanganisirawo mitero, yendege mari yechikoro, dzimwe mari zvose, uye zvichingodaro. Ndikarangarira nhamba yake kutiza. The "nyoro" anoreva nhema, sezvo tsika, kunotora 1 kusvika 24 mwedzi. Shorter risi anoonekwa somunhu pfupi-akararama bumbiro kutiza nokuda munhu nemhosva.

tsika

The "nyoro" anoreva nhema (nyoro anoreva nhema) unowanzoshandiswa panguva yepamusoro motokari nemwaka kana pamukova nzira itsva kana pane vakawanda wepagore hwokugadzira inspections acho ezvinhu. Airliner akawana iri mhando risi, unogona kuita nendege munyika idzodzo umo lessees hazvibvumidzwe kushanda.

kurangwa uku kunogona kuva muchimiro chata, maererano izvo lessor iri nyore kushanda mabasa, kusanganisira ACMI, uye lessee zviyero zvichiguma rubatsiro kuverengwa ndege. Mune zvose kumwe bumbiro anopa muridzi uye ndege nhamba. shanduro "nyoro" risi akasiyana kunogona kuvawo bumbiro-kugoverana sungano kuchengetedza zvigaro.

political zvikonzero

The "nyoro" risi - ichi iguru chokushandisa. Rinogona kushandiswa nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, EgyptAir zvebhizimisi - Egyptian breech kambani - havagoni kutakura vanhu muIsraeri pasi zita raro nokuda mutemo ehurumende. Somugumisiro, ichi nyika voos Cairo kuna Tel Aviv, kambani iri anokonzera Air reSinai. Nokuti kurega nyaya iyi enyika iri rinotipa "nyoro» EgyptAir anoreva nhema kambani.

MuUK, chirango ichi anonzi nokushanda ndege ive mhepo opareta chitupa (AOC) ari lessor.

unhu

Chiizve zvakanaka "nyoro" anoreva nhema ndege? Inoitwa fanira michina Nokuraramisa, kugadzira, inishuwarenzi nezvimwe akavhiyiwa uyo lessor akazviita. Maererano chikumbiro roja wacho, kunze mabasa aya, muridzi anogona kugadzirira vashandi vanokwanisa kuita yokutengesa, kugoverwa mbishi zvinhu uye zvichingodaro.

Nyaya iyi mhando risi, kakawanda zviri nyore zvakananga mano. Wet anoreva nhema kazhinji, vakashandisa kana dzavo vagadziri kana Wholesale mabhizimisi. Banks uye mari kumasangano kashoma kushandisa zviri kwema mhando iyi, sezvo avo dziripo haina kuzvireva rwokugadzira chawo.

In tsika, pane siyana anoreva nhema zvibvumirano, asi varege kuonekwa yoga mhando risi kwacho.

risi fomu

The "nyoro" anoreva nhema kunosanganisira nuances siyana dzakawanda. In tsika dzakawanda, kuti Zvinonyanyozivikanwa vakadaro siyana risi kwema:

• Maererano anoreva nhema "Anotipa" munyengeri midziyo uyewo kutendeuka kuti lessee, sezvo ari kudzoka mutengapwe. Asi was pfuma haashandisi, uye rimwe roja, anofanira chamber pasi uye mumaoko kwaari chinhu chesungano. Sublease - a chinodiwa kuti zvibvumirano zvakadaro.
• Anoreva nhema "Standard" anopa kutengeswa chinhu pamusoro kutengeserana yacho paRufu rweNhengo sangano, izvo, kuburikidza ayo anoreva nhema kambani rents vatengi ayo.
• Kana wokurarama muchimiro nguva nenguva yokutsiva chibvumirano inowaniswa midziyo kuti roja kukumbira mharidzo itsva.
• General anoreva nhema akataura kurudyi roja kuwedzera mazita midziyo yakagamuchirwa ndisina kusaina zvibvumirano itsva.
• Nokutendeka (Group) anoreva nhema - anoreva nhema zvinhu guru (shongwe, zvikepe, rigs mafuta, ndege). In kwema zvakadaro, muridzi makambani akawanda nepakudiwa michina.
• Chibvumirano mubayiro unonzi rinokosha anoreva nhema apo lessee ane rakakwana rengarava michina nematarakita anofamba, mugwagwa rokuvaka uye okurima michina.
• Kana lessor kubva kana kupfuura Lenders awana refu chikwereti anosvika 80% of was yesangano, pane risi pamwe nezvokupindira mari. Pano Lenders ndivo makuru mubhizimisi uye vezvokutengeserana mabhanga kuti vane anoshamisa pfuma, nokukwezvwa kwenguva. Anoreva nhema kwema vari inotsigirwa mabhanga tichibatsirwa chikwereti kana kutenga wazvipira.

Ava chete kupfuura chaizivikanwa anoreva nhema zvibvumirano. In tsika, pangava mubatanidzwa enguva zvibvumirano, izvo anowedzera nhamba yavo.

rokutengesa ndege

Asi chii chinodiwa Avialeasing? Rinoshandiswa nokuda kudhura ndege. Somuenzaniso, Boeing 737 Next Generation arasikirwe vanenge mamiriyoni 58,5-69,5 emadhora muna 2008. Rinoshandiswa Ryanair uye Southwest Airlines Company. Kazhinji, vendege shoma anogona kunobhadhara zvavo mhepo Park mari, sezvo vane mari shoma.

Commercial simbi dzinobvumirwa akatenga ne vendege vachishandisa nzira zvikuru kunzwisisa kuti mari uye risi (by kukwezva chikwereti guru uye nokukwereta). The inonyanya kufarirwa Zano akaita yezvokutengeserana ndege vari zvemari uye operative anoreva nhema, chikwereti pamusoro anondibatsira. Muenzaniso chibvumirano kuti "nyoro" anoreva nhema kunogona kuwanikwa kubva chero akakodzera kambani. Pane dzimwe nzira kuti kwokuripirwa ndege:

• chikwereti kubhengi kana mari risi;
• Show nzira;
• opareta anoreva nhema uye kutengeswa kana mari risi;
• mugadziri rutsigiro;
• mutero anoreva nhema;
• EETCs (chivimbo chitupa nokuti midziyo).

Zvirongwa ava nehanya zvikurukuru mutero uye kuti ndizvidavirire. Zvinosanganisira mhindu, amortization yavateresi mari uye kugadzira mari, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mutero kuita kuti financier, opareta uye lessor.

private airliners

Anoreva nhema nokuti kutengwa private ndege ndiyo fanana motokari chikwereti kana mogeji. Basic ngaakuitirei kuti chepamusoro kana chiduku pachavo ndege kunogona kuitwa sezvinotevera:

• anokwereta rinopa mashoko anokosha pamusoro anokarirwa ndege, uye pari akakweretesa;
• akakweretesa awana kubva mutengo ndege;
• akakweretesa ari kutsvaka pfuma kunyoresa nhamba bhodhi kuwana matambudziko ari uridzi;
• akakweretesa anogadzirira zvinhu nokuda kutengeserana: kondirakiti zvokudya, bhiri, rubatso kubva pati yechitatu (kana anokwereta yakanga zvishoma creditworthy).

Pakapera ichi kutengeserana akaurayiwa chikwereti magwaro, akatamisa muridzi uye mari.